ENZYM

Enzymes are proteins that act as catalyst in the body of living organisms. Hence, they are known as
biological catalyst or biocatalyst

COMPONENT OF ENZYMES
Enzymes are composed of protein called APOENZYMES. Some enzymes need non- protein components
called COFACTORS. Apoenzymes + Cofactors called HOLOENZYMES

Some type of Cofactors :

a. Inorganic Ions, for exmp: chloride in amylase
b. Prosthetic groups, for exmp: heme in catalase, Fe, Mg, K, Cu.
c. Coenzymes, for examp : NAD+ in cellular respiration, FAD, Vit

HOW ENZYMES WORK?

Each Enzymes has an active site, the part with the catalytic function.

How enzymes work?

1. Substrate + Enzymes  Enzymes-substrate complex
2. Enzyme + product

An enzyme works by lowering the activation energy (energy

required for reaction).
 TWO THEORIES OF ENZYME
1. LOCK AND KEY THEORY
The shape of active site is very specific so that the
only molecules with a certain structure can
become the substrate for the enzyme
CHARACTERISTIC OF ENZYMES AS BIOCATALYST
1. Enzymes are Protein
Like all proteins, enzymes require optimal
environmental condition to function effectively.
2. Enzymes Work Specifically
An enzyme can only catalyze a suitable substrate
3. Enzymes Function as Catalyst
Catalyst change the rate reactions, but they do not
change the end products or influence the balance of
reactions
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ENZYMES WORK
1. Temperature 3. Ph
2. Enzyme Concentration
2. INDUCED-FIT THEORY
The active site is flexible. When the substrate
enters the enzyme’s active site, its shape is
modified to form the complex
Characteristic of enzymes as biocatalytics
4. Enzymes are Required in Small Amounts
Enzymes are required in relatively small amounts.
However, in small amounts, enzymes can increase
the reaction by multiples
5. ENZYMES CAN WORK REVERSIBLY
The reaction is described as the following :
E+S ES E+P
E = Enzymes S= Substrate , and P = Product
4. Substrate Concentration
5. Inhibitor
Inhibitors are molecules that block or inhibit enzymes binding to the substrate.
a. Competitive inhibitors are molecules that work by competing with substrate to obtain the active site
of the enzymes

b. Non-competitive inhibitors are molecules that work by attaching themselves on the non active site
of the enzymes (allosteric site)