Sample Problem No.

1:

Materials enter a dryer containing 60% H2O and leave with 5% water. Find the weight of H2O
removed abased on each (a) pound of original product; (b) pound of final product; (c) pound of
bone-dry material.

Solution:

A) Water is original material per pound of solid

0.60
X1 = = 1.5 lb H2O/ lb
0.40

Water in final product per pound of solid

0.05
X2 = = 0.0526 lb H2O/ lb
0.95

For 0.4 lbs of solid (1 lb original material)

M(X1 –X2 )

Water removed = 0.40 (1.5 -0.0526)

= 0.579 lb H2O/ lb

B) For 0.95 lb of solid (1 lb of final product)

Water removed = 0.95(1.5 -0.0526)

= 1.375 lb H2O/ lb

C) For one pound of bone – dry material

Water removed = 1.0(1.5 -0.0526)

= 1.45 lb H2O/ lb
Sample Problem No. 2:

A rotary dryer produces 20 metric tons per hour of dried sand containing 0.5% moisture from a
wet feedcontaining 10% moisture, temperature of wet sand is 30oC and that of dried sand is
115oC. Fuel used per hour of bunker oil is 275 liters with an HHV of 39,000 BTU/liter. Specific
heat of sand is 0.21 BTU/IboF. Neglecting radiation loss, calculate the efficiency of the sand
dryer.

Solution:

Let X = amount of wet feed

0.90X = 0.995 (20,000)

X = 22,111.11 kg/hr.

From steam table

hf @ 30 C = 125.79 kj/kg

hg @ 100 C = 2676.1 kj/kg

hf @ 115 C = 482.48 kj/kg

heat required to evaporate the moisture = mw hfg

Q1 = mw (hg – hf)

= 2,111.11 kg/hr (2676.1 – 125.79) kj/kg

= 5,383,984.95 kj/hr

Heat absorb by sand from 30 C to 115 C

Q2 = mBD cp ∆ t

mBD = 0.995 (20,000) = 19,900 kg/hr

cp = 0.21 (1.055) (2.205) (1.8) = 0.87933 kj/kg. C

Q2 = 19,900 kg/hr (0.87933 kkj/kg. C) (115 C – 30 C)

= 1,487,386.69 kj/hr

Heat absorb by moisture in the sand

Q3 = 0.005 (20,000) kg/hr (482.48 – 125.79) kj/kg

= 35,669 kj/hr
Total heat absorb by system

Q = Q1+Q2+Q3

= 5,383,985 + 1,487,386.69 + 35,669

= 6,907,041 kj/hr

Heat supplied by fuel

Qs = 275 li/hr X 39,000 btu/li x1.055 kj/hr

= 11,314,875 kj/hr

6,907,041
Efficiency = X 100
11,314,875

= 61.64 %