T.

ME/AGEXPR

KTG & THERMODYNAMICS

1. n mole a perfect gas undergoes a cyclic process ABCA (see figure) consisting of the following
processes. [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (FEB)]
(FEB)
A  B : Isothermal expansion at temperature T so that the volume is doubled from V 1 to V2 = 2V1
and pressure changes from P1 to P2.
B  C : Isobaric compression at pressure P 2 to initial volume V1.
C  A : Isochoric change leading to change of pressure from P 2 to P1.
Total workdone in the complete cycle ABCA is :

 1  1
(1) 0 (2) nRT  ln 2   (3) nRTln2 (4) nRT  ln 2  
 2  2

2. On the basis of kinetic theory of gases, the gas ex

exerts
erts pressure because its molecules :
(1) continuously lose their energy till it reaches wall. [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (FEB)]
(FEB)
(2) are attracted by the walls of container.
(3) continuously stick to the walls of container.
(4) suffer change in momentum when impinge on the walls of container.
3. If one mole of an ideal gas at (P1, V1) is allowed to expand reversibly and isothermally (A to B) its
pressure is reduced to one-halfhalf of the original pressure (see figure). This is followed by a constant
volume cooling
ooling till its pressure is reduced to one fourth of the initial value (B  C). Then it is
one-fourth
restored to its initial state by a reversible adiabatic compression (C to A). The net workdone by the
gas is equal to : [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (FEB)]
(FEB)

 1  RT
(1) RT  ln 2  (2) 
 2    1  2    1
(3) 0 (4) RT ln 2
4. The root mean square speed of molecules of a given mass of a gas at 27°C and 1 atmosphere
pressure is 200 ms–1. The root mean square speed of molecules of the gas at 127°C and 2
x
atmosphere pressure is ms 1 . The value of x will be ______ [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (FEB)]
(FEB)
3
96
 T.ME/AGEXPR

7 5
5. A diatomic gas, having C p  R and C v  R is heated at constant pressure. The ratio dU : dQ :
2 2
dW : [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (FEB)]
(FEB)
(1) 5 : 7 : 3 (2) 5 : 7 : 2 (3) 3 : 7 : 2 (4) 3 : 5 : 2

6. In a certain thermodynamical process, the pressure of a gas depends on its volume as kV 3.

The work done when the temperature changes from 100°C to 300°C will be ___ nR, where n
denotes number of moles of a gas. [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (FEB)]
(FEB)

7. A monoatomic gas of mass 4.0 u is kept in an insulated container. Container is moving with
velocity 30 m/s. If container is suddenly stopped then change in temperature of the gas
x
(R = gas constant) is . Value of x is _______ [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (FEB)]
(FEB)
3R

8. Thermodynamic process is shown below on a P P-V

V diagram for one mole of
o an ideal gas. If
V2 = 2V1 then the ratio of temperature T2/T1 is : [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (FEB)]
(FEB)

1 1
(1) (2) 2 (3) 2 (4)
2 2

9. Given below are two statements : [JEE MAIN 2021 (FEB)]

(FEB)
Statement I : In a diatomic molecule, the rotational energy at a given temperature obeys Maxwell's
distribution.
Statement II : In a diatomic molecule, the rotational energy at a given temperature equals the
translational kinetic energy for each molecule.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :
(1) Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
(2) Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
(3) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
(4) Statement I is true but Statement II is false.

10. A container is divided into two chambers by a partition. The volume of first chamber is 4.5 litre
and second chamber is 5.5 litre. The first chamber contain 3.0 moles of gas at pressure 2.0
2. atm and
second chamber contain 4.0 moles of gas at pressure 3.0 atm. After the partition is removed and
the mixture attains equilibrium, then, the common equilibrium pressure existing in the mixture is x
× 10–1 atm. Value of x is_. [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (FEB)]
(F

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 T.ME/AGEXPR
11. Match List-I with List-II : [JEE MAIN 2021 (FEB)]
List-I List-II
(a) Isothermal (i) Pressure constant
(b) Isochoric (ii) Temperature constant
(c) Adiabatic (iii) Volume constant
(d) Isobaric (iv) Heat content is constant
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
(1) (a) (i), (b)  (iii), (c)  (ii), (d)  (iv)
(2) (a) (ii), (b)  (iii), (c)  (iv), (d)  (i)
(3) (a) (ii), (b)  (iv), (c)  (iii), (d)  (i)
(4) (a) (iii), (b)  (ii), (c)  (i), (d)  (iv)

12. The internal energy (U), pressure (P) and volume (V) of an ideal gas are related as U = 3PV + 4.
The gas is :- [JEE MAIN 2021 (FEB)]
(1) Diatomic only (2) Polyatomic only
(3) Either monoatomic or diatomic (4) Monoatomic only

13. The volume V of a given mass of monoatomic gas changes with temperature T according to the
relation V = KT2/3. The workdone when temperature changes by 90 K will be xR. The value of x
is [R = universal gas constant] [JEE MAIN 2021 (FEB)]

14. 1 mole of rigid diatomic gas performs a work of Q/5 when heat Q is supplied to it. The molar heat
xR
capacity of the gas during this transformation is , The value of x is …………….
8
[K = universal gas constant] [JEE MAIN 2021 (FEB)]

15. The volume V of an enclosure contains a mixture of three gases, 16 g of oxygen, 28 g of nitrogen
and 44 g of carbon dioxide at absolute temperature T. Consider R as universal gas constant. The
pressure of the mixture of gases is: [JEE MAIN 2021 (MARCH)]
88RT 3RT 5RT 4RT
(1) (2) (3) (4)
V V V V

16. In thermodynamics, heat and work are : [JEE MAIN 2021 (MARCH)]
(1) Path functions (2) Intensive thermodynamic state variables
(3) Extensive thermodynamic state variables (4) Point functions

17. Calculate the value of mean free parth () for oxygen molecules at temperature 27°C and pressure
1.01 × 105 Pa. Assume the molecular diameter 0.3 nm and the gas is ideal.
(k = 1.38 × 10–23 JK–1) [JEE MAIN 2021 (MARCH)]
(1) 58nm (2) 32nm (3) 86 nm (4) 102 nm
18. For an ideal heat engine, the temperature of the source is 127°C. In order to have 60% efficiency
the temperature of the sink should be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ °C. (Round off to the Nearest Integer)
[JEE MAIN 2021 (MARCH)]
19. A polyatomic ideal gas has 24 vibrational modes. What is the value of  ?
[JEE MAIN 2021 (MARCH)]
(1) 1.03 (2) 1.30 (3) 1.37 (4) 10.3
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 T.ME/AGEXPR
20. A Carnot's engine working between 400k and 800K has a work output of 1200J per cycle. The
amount of heat energy supplied to the engine from the source in each cycle is:
[JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (MARCH)]
(MARCH
(1) 3200 J (2) 1800 J
(3) 1600 J (4) 2400 J

21. Two ideal polyatomic ic gases at temperatures T1 and T2 are mixed so that there is no loss of energy.
If F1 and F2, m1 and m2, n1 and n2 be the degrees of freedom, masses, number of molecules of the
first and second gas respectively, the temperature of mixture of these two gases is:
[JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (MARCH)]
(MARCH
n T  n 2 T2 n FT  n F T
(1) 1 1 (2) 1 1 1 2 2 2
n1  n 2 n1F1  n 2 F2
n FT  n 2 F2 T2 n FT  n F T
(3) 1 1 1 (4) 1 1 1 2 2 2
F1  F2 n1  n 2

22. If one mole of the polyatomic gas is having two vibration modes and  is the ratio of molar
 C 
specific heats for polyatomic gas    P  then the value of  is : [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (MARCH)]
 C v 
(1) 1.02 (2) 1.2 (3) 1.25 (4) 1.35

23. Which one is the correct option for the two different thermodynamic processes?
[JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (MARCH)]
(MARCH

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

(1) (c) and (a) (2) (c) and (d) (3) (a) only (4) (b) and (c)

24. What will be the average value of energy along one degree of freedom for an ideal gas in thermal
equilibrium at a temperature T? (kB is Boltzmann constant) [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (MARCH)]
(MARCH
1 2
(1) k B T (2) k BT
2 3
3
(3) k B T (4) k BT
2

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 T.ME/AGEXPR
25. The P-V
V diagram of a diatomic ideal gas system going under cyclic process as shown in figure
The work done during an adiabatic process CD is (use  = 1.4): [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (MARCH)]
(MARCH

(1) –500 J (2) –400

400 J (3) 400 J (4) 200 J

26. For an adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas, the fractional change in its pressure is equal to (where 
is the ratio of specific heats): [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (MARCH)]
(MARCH
dV V  dv dv
(1) –  (2) –  (3) – (4)
V dV  V V

27. An ideal gas in a cylinder is separated by a piston in such a way that the entropy of one part is S1
and that of the other part is S2. Given that S1> S2. If the piston is removed then the total entropy of
the system will be: [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (MARCH)]
(MARCH
S1
(1) S1 × S2 (2) S1 – S2 (3) (4) S1 + S2
S2

28. Consider a sample of oxygen behaving like an ideal gas. At 300 K, the ratio of root mean square
(rms) velocity to the average velocity of gas molecule would be: [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (MARCH)]
(MARCH
–1 –1
(Molecular weight of oxygen is 32 g/mol; R = 8.3 J K mol )
3 8 3 8
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 8 8

29. ise the temperature of 4 moles of a rigid diatomic gas from 0 0C to

The amount of heat needed to rraise
0
50 C when no work is done is _________ (R is the universal gas constant)
[JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]
(JULY)
(1) 250 R (2) 750 R (3) 175 R (4) 500 R

30. A heat engine has an efficiency of . When the temperature of sink is reduced by 620C, its
6
efficiency gets doubled . The temperature of the source is : [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]
(JULY)
(1) 1240C (2) 370 C (3) 620 C (4) 990 C

31. Consider a mixture of gas molecule of types A, B and C having masses m A< mB< mC. The ratio of
their root mean square speed at normal temperature and pressure is :
[JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]
(JULY)
1 1 1 1 1 1
(1) vA  vB  vC  0 (2)   (3) v A  v B  vC (4)  
v A v B vC v A v B vC

100
 T.ME/AGEXPR
32. Which of the following graphs represent the behaviour of an ideal gas ? Symbols have their usual
meaning . [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]
(JULY)

(1) (2)

(3) (4)

33. The correct relation between the degree of freedom  and the ratio of specific heat  is :
[JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]
(JULY)
2 2  1 1
(1)   (2)   (3)   (4)  
 1  1 2  1

34. What will be the average value of energy for amonoatomic gas in thermal equilibrium
attemperature T ? [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]
(JULY)
2 3 1
(1) k B T (2) kBT (3) k B T (4) k B T
3 2 2

35. For a gas CP  CV  R in a state P and CP  CV  1.10 R in a state Q, TPA and TQ are the
temperatures in two diffllerent states; P and Q respectively. Then [JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]
(JULY)
(1) TP = TQ (2) TP< TQ (3) TP = 0.9 TQ (4) TP> TQ

36. A system consist of two types of gas molecules A and B having same number density 2 × 10 25
/m3. The diameter of A and B are 10 Å and 5 Årespectively.
respectively. They suffer collision at room
temperature. The ratio of average distance covered by the molecule A to that of B between two
successive collision is______ × 10 –2. [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]
(JULY)

37. The number of molecules in one litre of an ideal gas at 300 K and 2 atmospheric pressure
pressu with
mean kinetic energy 2 × 10–9J per molecules is : [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]
(JULY)
11 11 11 11
(1) 0.75 × 10 (2) 3 × 10 (3) 1.5 × 10 (4) 6 × 10

38. Two carnot engines A and B operate in series such that engine A absorbs heat at T 1 and rejects
heat to a sink at temperature T. Engine B absorbs half of the heat rejected by engine A and reject
heat to the sink at T3. When workdone in both the case is equal, the value of T is :
[JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]
(JULY)
2 3 1 2 3 1 2 1
(1) T1  T3 (2) T1  T3 (3) T1  T3 (4) T1  T3
3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3

101
 T.ME/AGEXPR
39. A monatomic ideal gas, initially at temperature T 1 is enclosed in a cylinder fitted with a
frictionless piston. The gas is allowed to expand adiabatically to a temperature T 2 by releasing the
position suddenly. If 1 and 2 are the lengths of the gas column, before and after the expansion
T
respectively, then value of 1 will be : [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]
(JULY)
T2
2 2
  3   3
2 1
(1)  1  (2)  2  (3) (4)
 2   1  1 2

40. Two different metal bodies A and B of equal mass are heated at a uniform rate under similar
conditions. The variation of temperature of the bodies is graphically represented as shown in the
figure. The ratio of specific heat capacities is : [JEE
JEE MAIN
MAI 2021 (JULY)]

8 3 3 4
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 8 4 3
41. In the reported figure, there is a cyclic process ABCDA on a sample of 1 mol of a diatomic gas.
The temperature of the gas during the process A B and C D D are T1 and T2 (T1 > T2)
respectively. [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (JULY)]
(JULY)

Choose the correct option out of the following for work done if processes BC and DA are
adiabatic.
(1) WAB = WDC (2) WAD = WBC (3) WBC + WDA> 0 (4) WAB< WCD
42. The temperature of 3.00 mol of an ideal diatomicgas is increased by 40.0 °C without changing the
pressure of the gas. The molecules in the gas rotatebut do not oscillate. If the ratio of change in
x
internal energyy of the gas to the amount of work done by the gas is . Then the value of x (round
10
off to the nearest integer) is _______. [JEE
JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]
(AUGUS
(Given R = 8.31 J mol–1 K–1)
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 T.ME/AGEXPR

43. The average translational kinetic energy of N2 gasmolecules at ...........°C becomes equal to the
K.E.of an electron accelerated from rest through apotential difference of 0.1 volt.
(Given kB = 1.38 × 10–23 J/K) [JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]
(Fill the nearest integer).

44. The temperature of an ideal gas in 3-dimensions is300 K. The corresponding de-Broglie
wavelengthof the electron approximately at 300 K, is : [JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]
–31
[me = mass of electron = 9 × 10 kg
h = Planck constant = 6.6 × 10–34 Js
kB = Boltzmann constant = 1.38 × 10–23 JK–1]
(1) 6.26 nm (2) 8.46 nm (3) 2.26 nm (4) 3.25 nm

45. A cylindrical container of volume 4.0 × 10–3 m3contains one mole of hydrogen and two moles
ofcarbon dioxide. Assume the temperature of themixture is 400 K. The pressure of the mixture
ofgases is : [JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]
–1 –1
[Take gas constant as 8.3 J mol K ]
(1) 249 × 101 Pa (2) 24.9 × 103 Pa (3) 24.9 × 105 Pa (4) 24.9 Pa

46. The rms speed of the molecules of Hydrogen, Oxygen and carbon dioxide at the same temperature
are VH , VO and VC respectively then : [JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]
(1) 263 J/s (2) 298 J/s (3) 350 J/s (4) 35 J/s

47. The rms speed of the molecules of Hydrogen, Oxygen and carbondioxide at the same temperature
are VH , VO and VC respectively then : [JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]
(1) VH> VO> VC (2) VC> VO> VH (3) VH = VO> VC (4) VH = VO = VC

48. If the rms speed of oxygen molecules at 0°C is 160 m/s, find the rms speed of hydrogen molecules
at 0°C. [JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]
(1) 640 m/s (2) 40 m/s (3) 80 m/s (4) 332 m/s

49. A heat engine operates between a cold reservoir at temperature T 2 = 400 K and a hot reservoir at
temperature T1.It takes 300 J of heat from the hot reservoir and delivers 240 J of heat to the cold
reservoir in a cycle. The minimum temperature of the hot reservoir has to be _________K.
[JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]

50. The height of victoria falls is 63 m. What is the difference in temperature of water at the top and
at the bottom of fall ? [JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]
-1o -1
[Given 1 cal = 4.2 J and specific heat of water = 1 cal g C ]
(1) 0.147o C (2) 14.76o C (3) 1.476o (4) 0.014o C

51. A balloon carries a total load of 185 kg at normal pressure and temperature of 27° C. What load
will the balloon carry on rising to a height at which the barometric pressure is 45 cm of Hg and the
temperature is -7°C. Assuming the volume constant ? [JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]
(1) 181.46 kg (2) 214.15 kg (3) 219.07 kg (4) 123.54 kg

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 T.ME/AGEXPR
52. An ideal gas is expanding such that PT3 = constant. The coefficient of volume expansion of the
gas is : [JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]
1 2 4 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
T T T T

53. A mixture of hydrogen and oxygen has volume 500cm3 , temperature 300 K, pressure 400 kPa and
mass 0.76 g. The ratio of masses of oxygen to hydrogen will be :-
[JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]
(1) 3 : 8 (2) 3 : 16 (3) 16 : 3 (4) 8 : 3

54. A sample of gas with  = 1.5 is taken through an adiabatic process in which the volume is
compressed from 1200 cm3 to 300 cm3. If the initial pressure is 200 kPa. The absolute value of the
work done by the gas in the process = __________J. [JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]

1
55. A reversible engine has an efficiency of . If the temperature of the sink is reduced by 58°C, its
4
efficiency becomes double. Calculate the temperature of the sink :
[JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]
(1) 174° C (2) 280°C (3) 180.4°C (4) 382°C

56. For an ideal gas the instantaneous change in pressure 'p' with volume 'v' is given by the equation
dp
 ap If p = p0 at v = 0 is the given boundary condition, then the maximum temperature one
dv
mole of gas can attain is : [JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]
(Here R is the gas constant )
p ap
(1) 0 (2) 0 (3) infinity (4) 0°C
a eR eR

57. Consider two separate ideal gases of electrons and protons having same number of particles. The
temperature of both the gases are same. The ratio of the uncertainty in determining the position of
an electron to that of a proportional to :- [JEE MAIN 2021 (AUGUST)]
3/2
m  me mp mp
(1)  p  (2) (3) (4)
 me  mp me me

ANSWER KEY
1. 4 2. 4 3. 1 4. 400 5. 2 6. 50 7. 3600
8. 3 9. 4 10. 25.50 11. 2 12. 2 13. 60 14. 25
15. 3 16. 1 17. 4 18. 113 19. 1 20. 4 21. 2
22. 2 23. 2 24. 1 25. 1 26. 1 27. 4 28. 3
29. 4 30. 4 31. 4 32. 3 33. 1 34. 3 35. 4
36. 25 37. 3 38. 4 39. 2 40. 2 41. 2 42. 25
43. 500 44. 1 45. 3 46. 1 47. 1 48. 1 49. 500
50. 1 51. 4 52. 3 53. 3 54. 480 55. 1 56. 1
57. 3
104
 T.ME/AGEXPR

SOLUTION
1. (4)
v 
Sol. Wisothermal = nRT ln  2 
 v1 
WIsobaric = PV = nRT
WIsochoric = 0

W1 = nRT ln 
2V 
 = nRT ln2
 V 
T  T
W2 = nR   T    nR
2  2
W3 = 0
 Wnet = W1 + W2 + W3
 1
Wnet = nRT  ln 2  
 2
2. (4)
Sol. From the assumption of KTG, the molecules of gas collide with the walls and suffers momentum
change which results in force on the wall and hence pressure. Hence option (4) is correct

3. (1)
Sol. A – B = isothermal process
 2V 
WAB = P1V1 ln  1  = P1V1 ln(2)
 V1 
B – C  Isochoric process
WBC = 0
C – A  Adiabatic process
P  1
P1V1  1  2V1 P1V1 1  
WCA = 4   2   P1V1
1  1  2 1   
Wnet = WAB + WBC + WCA {P1V1 = RT}
P1V1
= P1V1ln(2) + 0 +
2 1  
 1 
Wnet = RT ln(2) 
 2    1 
Option (1) is correct.

105
 T.ME/AGEXPR

4. (400)
3RT
Sol. v rms 
M
v rms  T
 Vrms 2 T2

 Vrms 1 T1
400

300
2

3
2
 v rms 2   v rms 1
3
2
  200
3
400
 v rms 2  m/s
3
Ans. 400

5. (2)
Sol. dU = nCvdT
dQ = nCpdT
dW = PdV = nRdT (isobaric process)
5R 7R
dU : dQ : dW : Cv : Cp : R  : : 5 : 7 : 2
2 2

6. (50)
Sol. P = kV3
Ti = 100°C & Tf = 300°C
T = 300 – 100
T = 200°C
P = kV3
now PV = nRT
 kV4 = nRT
now 4kV3 dV = nRdT
 PdV = nRdT/4
nRdT nR 200
 Work   PdV    T   nR  50nR
4 4 4

7. (3600)
Sol. Given that mass of gas is 4u hence its molar mass M is 4g/mol
1
 mv 2  nC v T
2

106
 T.ME/AGEXPR

1 m 3R
m   30   
2
 T
2 M 2
3600
 T 
3R

8. (3)

Sol.

PV½ = c
nRT 1/ 2
V c
V
T = c1 V1/2
1/ 2 1/ 2
T2  V2   2V 
   1
T1  V1   V1 
T2
 2
T1
9. (4)
Sol. (4) Translational degree of freedom = 3
Rotational degree of freedom = 2

10. (25.50)
Sol. Let common equilibrium pressure of mixture is P atm. then
U1  U 2  U mixture
f f f
P1V1  P2 V2  P  V1  V2 
2 2 2
f f f
 2  4.5    3 5.5   P  4.5  5.5   P = 2.55 = x × 10–1 atmp
2 2 2
So x = 25.5  26 (Nearest integer)

11. (2)
Sol. (a) Isothermal  Temperature constant
(a)  (ii)
(b) Isochoric  Volume constant
(a)  (iii)
(c) Adiabatic  DQ = 0
 Heat content is constant
(c)  (iv)
(d) Isobaric  Pressure constant
(d)  (i)

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12. (2)
Sol. U  3PV  4
nf
RT  3PV  4
2
f
PV  3PV  4
2
8
f  6
PV
Since degree of freedom is more than 6 therefore gas is polyatomic
13. (60)
Sol. We know that work done is
W   PdV ……….(1)
nRT
P  ………..(2)
V
nRT
W   dv ………..(3)
V
and V = Kt 2/3 ………..(4)
nRT
w .dv ………..(5)
KT 2/3
T2
from (4) : dv  2 KT 1/3 dT  W  d  nRT
2/3
2 1
K 1/3 dt
3 T1
KT 3 T

2
W nR   T2  T1  ……….. (6)
3
 T2  T1  90K ……….. (7)
2
 W  nR  90  W = 60 nR
3
Assuming 1 mole of gas
n=1
So W = 60 R
14. (25)
Sol. Q  U  W
Q
Q  U 
5
4Q
U 
5
4
nC  T  nC T
5
5
C  C
4
5f  55
C  R   R
42 42

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28
C R
8
x = 25

15. (3)
Sol. PV = (n1 + n2 + n3)RT
 16 28 44 
PV      RT
 32 28 44 
1 
PV    1  1 RT
2 
5 RT
P
2 V

16. (1)
Sol. Heat and work are treated as path functions in thermodynamics.
Q  U  W
Since work done by gas depends on type of process i.e. path and U depends just on initial and
final states, so Q i.e. heat, also has to depend on process i.e. path.

17. (4)
RT
Sol. 
2d 2 NA P
  102nm

18. (113)
TL
Sol. n = 0.60 = 1 =
TH
TL
 0.4  TL  0.4  400
TH
= 160K
= –113°C

19. (1)
Sol. Since each virbrational mode has 2 degrees of freedom hence total vibrational degrees of freedom
= 48
f = 3 + 3 + 48 = 54
2 28
=1+   1.03
f 27
20. (4)
T2 W
Sol. = 1 –
T1 Q
400 1200 1 1200
1–     Q = 2400 J
800 Q 2 Q

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21. (2)
Sol. Let the final temperature of the mixture be T. Since, there is no loss in energy.
U = 0
F F
 1 n 1 R T  2 n 2 R  T  0
2 2
F1 F
 n1R  T1 – T   2 n 2 R  T2 – T   0
2 2
F n RT  F n RT Fn T  F n T
T 1 1 1 2 2 2  1 1 1 2 2 2
F1n1R  F2 n 2 R F1n1  F2 n 2

22. (2)
Sol. (2) f = 4 + 3 + 3 = 10
assuming non linear
Cp 2 12
  1   1.2
Cv ƒ 10

23. (2)
Sol. (2) option (a) is wrong; since in adiabatic process V  constant.
Option (b) is wrong, since in isothermal process T = constant
Option (c) & (d) matches isotherms & adiabatic formula:
 –1 T
TV  cons tan t &  –1  cons tan t
p

24. (1)
1
Sol. Energy associated with each degree of freedom per molecule = k BT .
2

25. (1)
Sol. Adiabatic process is from C to D
P V – PV
WD  2 2 1 1
1– 
P V – PC VC
 D D
1– 
200  3  – 100  4 

1 – 1.4
= –500 J Ans. (1)

26. (1)
Sol. PV   cons tan t
Differentiating
dP P
–
dV V
dP dV
–
P V

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27. (4)

Sol.

After piston is removed

28. (3)
3RT
Sol. v rms 
M
8RT RT
v avg 
π M
vrms 3π

vavg 8

29. (4)
Sol. Q = U + W
Here W = 0
Q = U = nCVT
5R
Q  4   50  500R
2
Hence option (4).

30. (4)
TL
Sol.   1  (i)
TH

2  1 
 TL  62   1  TL 
62

62 1 62
   TH  6  62  372K
TH TH TH TH 6 TH
In °C  372 – 273 = 99°C

31. (4)
3RT
Sol. VRMS =
M
1 1 1
mA< mB< mC  VA< VB> VC   
VA VB VC

32. (3)
Sol. PV = nRT
PV T
Straight line with positive slope (nR)

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33. (1)
2
Sol.   1
f
2
f
 1

34. (3)
Sol. As per Equi-partition law :
Each degree of freedom contributes
1
k B T Average Energy
2
In monoatomic gas D.O.F. = 3
1 3
Average energy = 3  k B T  k B T
2 2

35. (4)
Sol. CP– CV = R for ideal gas and gas behaves as ideal gas at high temperature
so TP> TQ

36. (25)
Sol.  mean free path
1

2d 2 n
2
1 d 22 n 2  5 
 2     0.25  25  10 2
 2 d1 n1  10 

37. (3)
3
Sol. KE  kT
2
N
PV  RT
NA
PV
N
kT
= N = 1.5 × 1011

38. (4)

Sol.

Q2 T Q T
WA  1   1  2 
Q1 T1 Q1 T1

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Q3 T 2Q3 T3
WB  1   1 3  
(Q 2 / 2) T Q2 T
Now , WA = WB
Q 2Q1 2Q3 2T T
Q1  Q 2  2  Q 3   3 1  3 3
2 Q2 Q2 T T
2T1 T3
 T
3 3

39. (2)
Sol. PVr = const.
TVr–1 = const.
5
T    3 1  const.
2/3
T1   2 

T2  1 

40. (2)
 Q   Q 
Sol.    
 t A  t B
 T   T 
mSA    mSB  
 t A  t  B
 T 
SA  t  A 90 / 6 15 3
   
SB   T  120 / 3 40 8
 
 t  B

41. (2)
 nR
Sol. Work done in adiabatic process =  Tf  Ti 
 1
nR
 WAD   T2  T1 
 1
nR
and WBC   T2  T1 
 1
 WAD = WBC

42. (25)
Sol. Pressure is not changing  isobaric process
5nR T
U = nCvT =
2
and W = nRT
U 5 x
   x  25.00
W 2 10

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43. (500)
Sol. Given
Translation K.E. of N2 = K.E. of electron
3
kT = eV
2
3
× 1.38 × 10–23 T = 1.6 × 10–19 × 0.1
2
 T = 773k
T = 773 – 273 = 500°C

44. (1)
Sol. De-Broglie wavelength
h h
= 
mv 2mE
Where E is kinetic Energy
3kT
E= for gas
2
h 6.6  1034
 
3mkT 3  9  1031  1.38  1023  300
–9
 = 6.26 × 10 m = 6.26 nm
Option (1)

45. (3)
Sol. V = 4 × 10–3 m3
n = 3 moles
T = 400 K
nRT
PV = nRT  P =
V
3  8.3  400
P= = 24.9 × 105 Pa
4  10 3

46. (1)
dH
TL
Sol.  C. O.P.  dt
TH  TL dW
dt
263 dH
 35 
35 dt
dH
 263 watts
dt

47. (1)
3RT
Sol. VRMS 
MW

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1
At the same temperature VRMS 
MW
 VH  VO  VC
Option (1)

48. (1)
3KT
Sol. Vrms 
M
(Vrms )o2 M H2 2
 
(Vrms ) H2 M o2 32
(Vrms ) H 2  4  (Vrms )o2
 4 160 = 640 m/s

49. (500)
Sol. Qin = 300 J ; Qout = 240 J
Work done = Qin - Qout = 300 – 240 = 60 J
T
Efficiency = 1  2
t1
1 400 400 4
 1  
5 T1 T1 5
T1 = 500 k

50. (1)
Sol. Change in P.E. = Heat energy
gh 10  63
T   = 0.147o C
S 4200J / kgC
51. (4)
Sol. Pm  RT
P T
 1  1 1
P2 2 T2
1 P T  76  266
 1 2   
2 P2T1  45  300
l M 76  266
 1 
2 M 2 45  300
45  300  185
 M2   123.54kg
76  266

52. (3)
Sol. PT3 = constant
 nRT  3
  T  constant
 v 
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T4 V-1 = constant
T4 = kV
T V
4  ......(1)
T V
 V  V  2 
comparing (1) and (2)
we get
4

T

53. (3)
Sol. PV = nRT
 25 
400 103  500  106  n   (300)
 3 
2
n
25
n = n1 + n2
2 M1 M 2
 
25 2 32
Also M1 + M2 = 0.76 gm
M 2 16

M1 3

54. (480)
Sol.   1.5
p1 v1  p 2 v 2 
(200) (1200)1.5 = P2 (300)1.5
P2 = 200 [4]3/2 = 1600 kPa
p v  p v  480  240 
W.D.  2 2 1 1     480 J
 1  0.5 

55. (1)
Ans. by Nucleus(Bonus)
Sol. T2 = sink temperature
T
  1 2
T1
1 T
 1 2
4 T1
T2 3
 ...(i)
T1 4
1 T  58
 1 2
2 T1

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T2 58 1
 
T1 T1 2
3 58 1
 
4 T1 2
1 58
  T1  232
4 T1
3
T2   232
4
T2 = 174 K

56. (1)
p v
dp
Sol.  P  a 0 dv
p0

P
n    av
 P0 
p  P0 e  av
For temperature maximum p-v product should be maximum
pv p 0 ve  av
T 
nR R
dT p
dv
 
 0  0 eav  veav (a)
R
 av
p0e
1  av  0
R
1
v  ,
a
p1 p
T 0  0
Rae Rae
at v  
T=0
Option (1)

57. (3)
h
Sol. x.p 
4
h 3KT
x  v
4  m v m
x e mp

x p me

117