Aashto R 97

Standard Practice for
Sampling Asphalt Mixtures
AASHTO Designation: R 97-191

First Published: 2019
Technical Subcommittee: 2c, Asphalt–Aggregate Mixtures
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

555 12th Street NW, Suite 1000
Washington, D.C. 20004
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Copyright American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

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Standard Practice for
Sampling Asphalt Mixtures

AASHTO Designation: R 97-19 1
First Published: 2019
Technical Subcommittee: 2c, Asphalt–Aggregate Mixtures
1. SCOPE
1.1. This standard practice covers the procedures for sampling of asphalt mixtures at point of
manufacture, storage, or delivery. Samples obtained by this procedure may be used as
representative samples of asphalt mixtures to determine compliance with requirements of the
specifications under which the asphalt mixture is furnished.
1.2. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before use.
2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
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2.1. AASHTO Standards:
 R 10, Definition of Terms Related to Quality and Statistics as Used in Highway Construction
 R 67, Sampling Asphalt Mixtures after Compaction (Obtaining Cores)
3. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE

3.1. Importance of Proper Sampling:
3.1.1. Sampling is as important as testing. Use care to obtain samples that are representative of the
material.
3.1.2. Avoid segregation and contamination of the material during sampling.
3.2. Sampling Requirements:
3.2.1. Many different sampling locations and techniques are covered in this standard, exercise care that
samples are obtained according to the appropriate requirements.
3.2.2. Use R 67 for sampling from compacted asphalt mixtures.
4. APPARATUS
4.1. Sampling Containers—Such as cardboard boxes, metal pails/buckets, stainless steel bowls or
pans, or other containers as approved.
TS-2c R 97-1 AASHTO

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4.2. Mechanical Sampling Systems—A permanently attached device that allows a sample receptacle to
pass perpendicularly through the entire stream of material or diverts the entire stream of material
into the container by manual, hydraulic, or pneumatic operation.
4.3. Shovels or Metal Scoops, or Other Equipment—Square-head metal shovels at least 125 mm
(5.5 in.) wide.
4.4. Belt Template—A pair of templates either joined to each other or separate which are the shape and
width of the asphalt mixture stream belt. If the two templates are joined, enough space must be
allowed between the templates to yield an increment of the required mass.
4.5. Sampling Plate—Thick metal plate, minimum 8 gauge, sized to accommodate sample size
requirements, with a wire long enough to reach from the center of the paver to the outside of the
farthest auger extension attached to one corner. Each corner of the plate should have 6 mm
(0.25 in.) diameter holes.
4.6. Cookie Cutter Sampling Device—Formed steel angle with two 100 mm by 150 mm by 9 mm
(4 in. by 6 in. by 0.375 in.) handles, sized to accommodate sample size requirements; minimum
50 mm (2 in.) smaller than the sampling plate when used together.
4.6.1. Example: Sampling plate 380 mm (15 in.) square and a cookie cutter sampling device 330 mm
(13 in.) square.
4.7. Release Agent—A non-stick product that prevents the asphalt mixture from sticking to the
apparatus and does not contain solvents or petroleum-based products that could affect asphalt
binder properties.
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5. PROCEDURE
5.1. General:
5.1.1. Inspect the material to determine the uniformity. Select sample locations using a random sampling
procedure or a stratified random sampling procedure meeting the definitions in R 10, or as
otherwise specified. Select a minimum of three sample locations to represent the material being
tested.
5.1.2. Take care to prevent contamination of asphalt mixture samples by dust or other foreign matter.
5.2. Sample Size—Sample size depends on the test method(s) to be performed. Obtain sufficient
quantity of material to perform all testing.
5.3. Sample Containers:
5.3.1. Ensure the container(s) and sampling equipment are clean and dry before sampling.
5.3.2. Use cardboard boxes, metal containers, or other acceptable containers for dense-graded mixture
samples.
5.3.3. Use stainless steel bowls or pans for hot open-graded mixture samples. Cool the open-graded
mixture until the asphalt binder will not migrate from the aggregate before storing it in containers
made from absorbent materials.
5.4. Sampling Using Attached Sampling Devices:
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5.4.1. Attached sampling devices are normally permanently attached devices that allow a sampling
receptacle to pass perpendicularly through the entire stream of asphalt mixture. The operation of
the mechanical sampling system may be hydraulic or pneumatic and allows the sampling
receptacle to pass through the stream twice, once in each direction, without overfilling. A
sampling device may also divert the entire stream into a sampling receptacle.
5.4.2. Lightly coat the sampling receptacle attached to the sampling device with a release agent or
preheat it, or both, to approximate the discharge temperature of the mix.
5.4.3. Pass the sampling receptacle twice through the material perpendicularly without overfilling.
5.4.4. Transfer asphalt mixture from the sample receptacle to the sample container without loss of
material.
5.4.5. Repeat until the proper sample size has been obtained.
5.5. Sampling from Conveyor Belt Using a Sampling Template:
5.5.1. Avoid sampling at the beginning or end of an asphalt mixture production run due to the potential
for segregation. Make sure to capture fines that may stick to the belt.
5.5.2. Stop the belt containing asphalt mixture.
5.5.3. Set the sampling template into the asphalt mixture on the belt, avoiding intrusion by adjacent
material.
5.5.4. Remove the asphalt mixture from inside the template, including all fines, and place in a sample
container.
5.5.5. Obtain equal sample increments when one increment is insufficient for the required testing.
5.5.6. Combine the sample increments to form a single sample.
5.6. Sampling from Transport Units:
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5.6.1. Visually divide the haul unit into approximately three or four equal sections.
5.6.2. Remove approximately 0.15 m to 0.3 m (6 to 12 in.) of material from the top of the sampling area.
Obtain an increment from the exposed surface. Repeat in each of the remaining sections.
5.6.3. Combine the increments to form a sample of the required size.
5.7. Sampling from a Paver Auger:
5.7.1. Obtain samples from the end of the auger using a square head shovel.
5.7.2. Place the shovel in front of the auger extension, with the shovel blade flat upon the surface to be
paved over.
5.7.3. Allow the front face of the auger stream to cover the shovel with asphalt mixture, remove the
shovel before the auger reaches it by lifting as vertically as possible. Place asphalt mixture in a
sample container.
5.7.4. Combine the sample increments to form a sample of the required size.
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5.8. Sampling from a Windrow:
5.8.1. Obtain a representative sample from the windrow of a transport unit. Avoid the beginning or the
end of the windrow section.
5.8.2. Visually divide the windrow from the haul unit into approximately three equal sections.
5.8.3. Remove approximately 0.3 m (1 ft) from the top of the windrow as shown in Figure 1. Obtain
approximately equal sample increments by fully inserting the shovel into the flat surface as
vertically as possible, take care to exclude the underlying material, roll back the shovel and lift the
material slowly out of the windrow to avoid material rolling off the shovel. Place in a sample
container. Repeat in each of the remaining thirds.
Figure 1—Sampling from a Windrow
5.8.4. Combine the increments to form a sample of the required size.
5.9. Sampling from Roadway before Compaction:
5.9.1. Sampling is performed behind the paver and in front of the breakdown roller. For safety, the roller
must remain at least 3 m (10 ft) behind the sampling operation until the sample has been taken and
the hole filled with loose asphalt mixture.
5.9.2. Plate Method—Obtaining samples of asphalt mixture being placed on grade or base material using
a plate.
5.9.2.1. It is safest to stop the paving train while the plate is installed in front of the paver (Note 1). When
this operation is not possible, obey the following safety rules.
Note 1—Stopping the paver to acquire a sample may affect the final roadway quality.
5.9.2.1.1. The plate installation must be at least 3 m (10 ft) in front of the paver or pickup device. The
technician placing the plate must have eye contact and communication with the paving machine
operator. If eye contact cannot be maintained at all times, a third person must be present to provide
communication between the operator and the technician.
5.9.2.1.2. No technician is to be between the supply trucks and the paver unless the supply truck is moving
forward, in which case the technician must be at least 3 m (10 ft) behind the truck.
5.9.2.1.3. If at any time obtaining a sample is unsafe, stop until it is made safe or stop the paving operation
while the plate is installed.
5.9.2.1.4. Remove loose material from a location in front of the paver at least 0.5 m (2 ft) inside the edge of
the mat.
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5.9.2.2. Lay the plate down diagonally with the direction of travel, keeping it flat and tight to the base with
the lead corner facing the paver.
Note 2—Driving a nail through a hole in the lead corner will secure the plate while the paving
operation passes over the plate and wire.
5.9.2.3. Pull the wire, attached to the outside corner of the plate, taut past the edge of the mat and secure it.
5.9.2.4. Let the paving operation pass over the plate and wire.
5.9.2.5. Pull the wire up through the fresh asphalt mixture to locate the corner of the plate.
5.9.2.6. Plate Only—Using a small square head shovel or scoop, or both, remove the full depth of the
asphalt mixture from the plate. Take care to prevent sloughing of adjacent material.
5.9.2.7. Place asphalt mixture, including any material adhering to the plate, cookie cutter, and scoop or
shovel in a sample container.
5.9.2.8. Plate with “Cookie Cutter”—Align the “cookie cutter” sampling device over the plate. Press
down through the asphalt mixture to the plate. Using a small square head shovel or scoop, or both,
carefully remove all the asphalt mixture, from inside the cutter.
5.9.2.9. Remove the plate from the roadway. The hole in the mat made from sampling must be filled with
loose asphalt mixture before compaction.
5.9.3. Non-Plate Method—Obtaining samples of asphalt mixture being placed on an asphalt surface.
5.9.3.1. After the paving machine has passed the sampling location, immediately place the “cookie cutter”
sampling device on the sample location. Press down through the asphalt mixture to the underlying
asphalt surface.
5.9.3.2. Using a small square head shovel or scoop, or both, carefully remove all the asphalt mixture from
inside of the cutter including any material adhering to the cutter, and scoop or shovel, and place in
a sample container. Take care to prevent contamination of asphalt mixture by tack or prime coat,
or any other underlying material.
5.9.3.3. Remove the cutter from the roadway. The hole in the mat made from the sampling must be filled
with loose asphalt mixture before compaction.
5.10. Sampling from a Paver (or Material Transfer Device) Hopper:
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5.10.1. Make sure the hopper is full before sampling. Stop the paver and apply the brakes or shut down
the engine (see Note 1). Move the haul unit a minimum of 10 m (30 ft) ahead of the paver and shut
down the engine or chock the back tires. Remove approximately 0.15 to 0.2 m (6 to 10 in.) from
the top of the material from the center of the hopper (middle third). Do not obtain the sample
within 0.45 m (1.5 ft) of the hopper sides.
5.10.2. Trim the front of the sampling area to form a 0.2 to 0.3 m (8 to 12 in.) vertical face. Obtain the
sample by digging into the vertical face horizontally until the shovel is full; do not overfill the
shovel. See Figure 2.
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Figure 2—Sampling from a Vertical Hopper Face
5.11. Sampling from Stockpiles—Remove at least 0.1 m (4 in.) from the surface before sampling;
mixtures in a stockpile may develop an oxidized crust.
5.11.1. Sampling from a Flat Surface Created by a Loader:

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5.11.1.1. Direct the loader operator to enter the stockpile with the bucket at least 0.3 m (1 ft) above ground
level without contaminating the stockpile.
5.11.1.2. Obtain a full loader bucket of the asphalt mixture; tilt the bucket back and up.
5.11.1.3. Form a small sampling pile at the base of the stockpile by gently rolling the asphalt mixture out of
the bucket with the bucket just high enough to permit free-flow of the mixture. Repeat as
necessary.
5.11.1.4. Create a flat surface by having the loader "back-drag" the small pile.
5.11.1.5. Obtain approximately equal increments from at least three randomly selected locations on the flat
surface at least 1 ft from the edge.
5.11.1.6. Fully insert the shovel, exclude the underlying material, roll back the shovel and lift the asphalt
mixture slowly out of the pile to avoid mixture rolling off the shovel.
5.11.1.7. Combine the sample increments to form a sample.
5.11.2. Sampling from a Horizontal Surface on the Stockpile Face:
5.11.2.1. Create horizontal surfaces with vertical faces in the top, middle, and bottom third of the stockpile
with a shovel or a loader if one is available.
5.11.2.2. Shove a flat board against the vertical face behind the sampling location to prevent sloughing of
asphalt mixture. Discard the sloughed mixture to create the horizontal surface.
5.11.2.3. Obtain the sample from the horizontal surface as close to the intersection as possible of the
horizontal and vertical faces.
5.11.2.4. Obtain at least one sample increment of equal size from each of the top, middle, and bottom thirds
of the pile as shown in Figure 3.
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Figure 3—Sampling from a Stockpile
5.11.2.5. Combine the sample increments to form a single sample.
6. IDENTIFICATION AND SHIPPING

6.1. Ship samples in containers that will prevent loss, contamination, or damage from mishandling
during shipment. If required, the containers should also minimize heat loss.
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6.2. Label each sample with unique identification labels that contain the following information:
6.2.1. Date and time the sample was obtained;
6.2.2. Identification of the sampler and asphalt mixture supplier;
6.2.3. The sampling location (lot/sublot/station and offset whichever is applicable) and purpose of
sample; and
6.2.4. The quantity and type of material represented by the sample.
7. KEYWORDS
7.1. Asphalt mixtures; sampling.
1
This full standard was first published in 2019. It supersedes T 168.
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Standard Practice for

Sampling Asphalt Mixtures

AASHTO Designation: R 97-191

Technical Subcommittee: 2c, Asphalt–Aggregate Mixtures

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

Copyright American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

Sampling Asphalt Mixtures

Technical Subcommittee: 2c, Asphalt–Aggregate Mixtures

3. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE

3.1.2. Avoid segregation and contamination of the material during sampling.

3.2. Sampling Requirements:

3.2.2. Use R 67 for sampling from compacted asphalt mixtures.

TS-2c R 97-1 AASHTO

5.3. Sample Containers:

5.4. Sampling Using Attached Sampling Devices:

TS-2c R 97-2 AASHTO

5.5. Sampling from Conveyor Belt Using a Sampling Template:

5.5.2. Stop the belt containing asphalt mixture.

5.5.6. Combine the sample increments to form a single sample.

5.6. Sampling from Transport Units:

5.6.3. Combine the increments to form a sample of the required size.

5.7. Sampling from a Paver Auger:

TS-2c R 97-3 AASHTO

Figure 1—Sampling from a Windrow

5.8.4. Combine the increments to form a sample of the required size.

5.9. Sampling from Roadway before Compaction:

TS-2c R 97-4 AASHTO

5.10. Sampling from a Paver (or Material Transfer Device) Hopper:

TS-2c R 97-5 AASHTO

5.11.1. Sampling from a Flat Surface Created by a Loader:

5.11.1.7. Combine the sample increments to form a sample.

5.11.2. Sampling from a Horizontal Surface on the Stockpile Face:

TS-2c R 97-6 AASHTO

5.11.2.5. Combine the sample increments to form a single sample.

6. IDENTIFICATION AND SHIPPING

6.2.1. Date and time the sample was obtained;

6.2.2. Identification of the sampler and asphalt mixture supplier;

6.2.4. The quantity and type of material represented by the sample.

TS-2c R 97-7 AASHTO

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