HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS

BY : AIRLIFT PUMP GROUP

 OUTLINES
 INTRODUCTION
 WHAT A CYLINDER CONSISTS OF?
 COMMON TYPES OF CYLINDERS
 HYDRAULIC SHOCK
 STROKE ADJUSTERS
 CYLINDER MOUNTING STYLES
 MECHANICAL MOTIONS
 TYPES OF CYLINDER LOADS
 LIMITED ROTATION ACTUATORS
 CYLINDERS IN A CIRCUIT
 INTRODUCTION
Cylinders are basically linear actuators. Their outputs are
straight line motion or force.

Single
acting
Double
Linear
Acting
Cushioning
Actuators
devices
Hydraulic
Rotary
motors
 ?What a cylinder consists of

Cylinder body (barrel)

Movable piston
Piston rod
End caps
Rod gland
Seals
 SEALS
For a proper operation, seal must exist across
the piston and the rod gland to separate the
piston sides and to prevent foreign materials to
be drawn into the cylinder.
Pistons are sealed by lipseals or rings which are
durable but leak 16-49 cc per min
Rod gland seals comes in different varieties like
v-shaped seals, wiper seal and primary seal with
serrated edges to scrape it clean of the fluid.

 Most of seals are made of leather,

polyurethane, viton and nitrile.
 GLAND DRAIN

 Some fluid is collected between primary seal and wiper which

drawn back in retraction stroke but in some applications which
excessive amount collected, gland should externally drained.
 COMMON TYPES OF
CYLINDERS
1- Single acting
A cylinder in which fluid pressure is applied to the movable
element in only one direction , it might be spring return or
gravity return cylinder.
2- Double acting
A cylinder in which fluid pressure is
applied to the movable element in either
direction , it might be single or double
rod cylinder.
3- Ram (plunger) cylinder
A cylinder in which the movable element has the
same cross-sectional area as the piston rod (large
bore-to-diameter ratios).
3- Telescoping cylinder
A cylinder with nested multiple tubular rod segments which
provide a long working stroke in a short retracted envelope.
The maximum force is at the collapsed position. The speed
will increase at each stage but won’t allow much force.
It used in applications require long extension distances like
dumb trucks.
 Telescoping cylinder could be also
double acting cylinder.

What is a telescoping rod cylinder?

When would it normally be used?
4-Tandem cylinder
Consists of two or more cylinders mounted in line with
pistons connected by a common piston rod, it increase
output force.
5- Duplex cylinder
Consists of two or more cylinders mounted in
line with pistons not connected, it gives a 3-
position capability.
SYMBOLS
 HYDRAULIC SHOCK
Hydraulic shock occurs when oil rapidly starts or stops
flowing in a hydraulic system. When a pressure shock occurs
in the system, the pressure can increase four or five times
above the normal operating pressure, this shock may damage
the cylinder.
 CUSHIONS
To protect against excessive shock a cylinder can be equipped with
cushions, These cushions slow down the piston just before reaching the
end of its stroke it can be applied at either or both ends of a cylinder.
Cushioning is not required for speeds of v<6 m/min.
WHAT A CUSHION CONSISTS AND
?HOW IT WORKS
 STROKE ADJUSTERS
Sometimes the stroke of a cylinder must be externally
controllable, so periodic adjustment is accomplished with a
threaded rod which can be screwed in or out of the cylinder
cap.
 CYLINDER MOUNTING
STYLES
A variety of mounting configurations are used
to attach the cylinder body and rod end to
machinery.

1-Fixed clevis:
2-Head trunnion:

3-Cap square flange:

4-Side lugs:
MECHANICAL LINKAGES
 TYPES OF CYLINDER LOADS
Cylinders can be used in an unlimited number of
applications to move various types of loads, generally a
load which is pushed is termed as thrust and load which is
pulled is called tension.
 LIMITED-ROTATION
HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS
Limited-rotation devices (swivel drive) are actuators with
an output shaft that typically applies torque through
approximately 360° of rotation.
Models are available that are limited to less than one
revolution, while others may produce several revolutions
Most common designs of limited-rotation
actuators are:
1-Rack-and-pinion

This Type of actuators is available to 113 KN.m of torque and can

provide rotations up to 360 degree.
2-Vane limited-rotation actuator
3-Helical piston and rod limited-rotation actuator:
APPLICATIONS OF ROTARY
ACTUATORS

Q : Sketch three fluid power applications for each of the

linear and the limited rotation actuators ?
 INTENSIFIER
 Intensifiers are boosters used to increase the fluid
pressure available from the supply source.
 They apply an air source over oil supplied from a
separate reservoir to increase system pressure and
add control flexibility.
 they are also employed to reduce cost by
eliminating hydraulic pumps for single intermittent
low-volume applications such as bending and
cutting
 CYLINDERS IN
HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT
The mechanical force developed by a cylinder is the result of hydraulic
pressure acting on the area of the cylinder piston.

P=F/A
In fact , there is a back pressure in the tank line pressure and
it can be as 7 Bar in some systems , So a force is generated
which wants to retract the piston and the piston rod , This
force together with the resistance of the load must be over
come before the load can be moved .
FORCES DEVELOPED BY
TANDEM CYLINDERS
 AIRLIFT PUMP
GROUP
- Hesham Mohamed Maklad
- Motaz Mahmoud ElShahawy
- Yousef Samir Abd Elwahab
- Mohamed Hassan Mahmoud
- Ahmed Mohamed Elgendy
- Mohamed Tawakol El-Desoky
- Ahmed Samy Eladawy