STEDY ENGINEERING & FOUNDATION DESIGN 2X30/40MVA 132/33KV SS

CONSTRUCTION LTD TO BS 8110: PART 1-3 OKITIPUPA

1985 & 1997

FOOTING DESIGN FOR 33KV DISCONNECTOR

The design is for a pad foundation
1. COMMON DATA
Axial load on Column, P P  5.9 kN

Moment about column level, Mx Mx  0 kN

Total shear force on top of column, Vx Vx  3.4 kN

Moment about column level, My My  8.2 kN
Total shear force on top of column, Vy Vy  0 kN

Flexural stength of concrete, fcu fcu  25 N/mm2

Tensile strength of Steel fy fy  420 N/mm2

Concrete cover, c1 c1  50 mm

Force of gravity g  9.8

Length of column, a a  0.7 m

m
Width of column, b b  0.7
Depth of column, h h  1.3 m

Soil bearing capacity, Pa Pa  67 kN /m2

Density of concrete γc  24 kN/m2
Density of soil γs  18 kN/m2
Depth of soil to Top of Footing, hs hs  1.0 m
Length of Footing B  1.6 m
Width of Footing D  1.6 m
Depth of Footing, d d  0.35 m

MECHERINT LTD, ABUJA 14-1 22nd NOVEMBER 2017

STEDY ENGINEERING & FOUNDATION DESIGN 2X30/40MVA 132/33KV SS
CONSTRUCTION LTD TO BS 8110: PART 1-3 OKITIPUPA
1985 & 1997

Forces on foundation at plinth level

Figure 1: Forces on Footing for the 132KV CT AND CVT Pad Foundation

2. LOADING-KN

Axial Load per column,Pc Pc  P Pc  5.9 kN

Moment per column, Mc
Mc  My Mc  8.2 kN
Weight of column,Wc Wc  a  b  h  γc Wc  15.288 kN
Total axial load on baseWA WA  Pc  Wc kN WA  21.2kN kN
Ultimate axial load on base,wu wu  1.6  Pc  1.4  Wc
wu  30.8 kN
Ultimate bending Moment about base, Mux Mux  1.4  Mx Mux  0 kN  m

Ultimate shear force, Vux Vux  1.4  Vx Vux  4.8 kN

Ultimate bending Moment about base, Muy Muy  1.4  My Muy  11.48 kN

Ultimate shear force, Vuy Vuy  1.4  Vy Vuy  0 kN

MECHERINT LTD, ABUJA 14-2 22nd NOVEMBER 2017

STEDY ENGINEERING & FOUNDATION DESIGN 2X30/40MVA 132/33KV SS
CONSTRUCTION LTD TO BS 8110: PART 1-3 OKITIPUPA
1985 & 1997

Self weight of Soil above base, s ρs  γs  hs ρs  18 kN /m2

Self weight of base, b ρb  γc  d ρb  8.4 kN /m2

3. STABILITY CHECKS
Case 1. Consider wind acting along the longitudinal direction of equipment installation (Direction X)
Total vertical load, W W  WA   ρs  ρb  B  D  γs  a  b

W  79.952 kN
Overturning Moment about ,A, Mo Mo  My  ( h  d)  Vx
Mo  13.81 kN-m
B
Resistance moment about A, Mrx Mrx  W 
2
Mrx  63.962 kN-m
Applying a factor of safety of 1.5, 1.5Mo, Ms Msx  1.5  Mo

Msx  20.715 less than Mrx  63.962 kN

Therefore the base will not overturn
Case 2. Consider wind acting along the transverse direction of equipment installation (Direction Y)

Total vertical load, W W  WA   ρs  ρb  B  D  γs  a  b W  80 kN

Overturning Moment about ,A, Mo Mo  Mx  ( h  d)  Vy Mo  0 kN-m

D
Resistance moment about A, Mry Mry  W 
2
Applying a factor of safety of 1.5, 1.5Mo, Msy Msy  1.5  Mo
Msy  0 is less than Mry  63.962 kN-m
Therefore the base will not overturn

4. CHECK FOR SOIL BEARING PRESSURE

In view of the moment on the foundation, the base will be treated as a Pad footing although the
structure is resting on four columns. The columns are the corners of a single fictitious plinth.
Total vertical load, W W  WA   ρs  ρb  B  D  γs  a  b W  79.952 kN
Taking moments about the centre of the footing (bottom face) gives the net eccentricity of the load
My  Vx  ( h  d)
ex  ex  0.173
W
Mx  Vy  ( h  d)
ey 
W ey  0

MECHERINT LTD, ABUJA 14-3 22nd NOVEMBER 2017

STEDY ENGINEERING & FOUNDATION DESIGN 2X30/40MVA 132/33KV SS
CONSTRUCTION LTD TO BS 8110: PART 1-3 OKITIPUPA
1985 & 1997

2 2
e  ex  ey
ex ey
elimit  
B D elimit  0.108 Inside middle third

To compute the maximum pressure on the soil, Pmax we return Pmax depending on whether we are
inside or outside the middle third
2W
Pmax  if elimit  1
 B 
3  D    e
2 
 W  6  ex 6  ey 
 1    if elimit  1
 D B  D B 

Pmax  51.5 kN/m2 SOIL BEARING CAPACITY OK Pa  67 kN/m2

5. DESIGN FOR FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT

Figure 2: PAD Foundation showing Critical sections

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STEDY ENGINEERING & FOUNDATION DESIGN 2X30/40MVA 132/33KV SS
CONSTRUCTION LTD TO BS 8110: PART 1-3 OKITIPUPA
1985 & 1997

Distance for calculation of critical stress, Lfx B 1

Lfx   a
2 2
Total ultimate vertical load, Wu Wu  wu  1.4   ρs  ρb  B  D  1.4  ρs a  b

Wu  113.113 kN
Taking moments about the centre of the base (bottom face ) gives the net eccentricity of load

Muy  Vux  ( h  d)
exu 
W exu  0.242 m

Mux  Vuy  ( h  d)
eyu  eyu  0
W

ex  exu

ey  eyu

2 2
e  ex  ey
ex ey
elimit  
B D elimit  0.151 Inside middle third

To compute the maximum pressure on the soil, Pmax we return Pmax depending on whether we are
inside or outside the middle third
2W
fnet  if elimit  1
 B 
3  D    e
2 
 W  1  6  ex  6  ey  if e
   limit  1
 D B  D B 

fnet  59.6 kN/m2

Critical moment at A, (fig 2), MA fnet  Lfx

MA 
2
MA  13.4 kN-m

MECHERINT LTD, ABUJA 14-5 22nd NOVEMBER 2017

STEDY ENGINEERING & FOUNDATION DESIGN 2X30/40MVA 132/33KV SS
CONSTRUCTION LTD TO BS 8110: PART 1-3 OKITIPUPA
1985 & 1997

Reinforcement
We shall calculate the reinforcement on a 1m strip of the footing,b1

Concrete cover, c1 c1  50 mm

Try diameter of reinforcement dr  16 mm

Thickness of Footing, d d  0.35 m
One metre strip b1 b1  1 m
Minimum steel, mst mst  0.3 percent
Bond Stress between steel and concrete (M25) , τ  1.2
Factor for ribbed steel,  α  1.6
Thickness of Footing in mm, hb
hb  1000  d

h2   hb  c1  
Effective thickness of Footing in mm, h2 dr 
 2
h2  292 mm

2
h2
Ultimate Moment, Mu Mu  0.156  fcu  b1 
1000
Mu  332.53 kN-m per m run is larger than MA  13.4 kN-m per m run
Therefore Top reinforcement is not required

MA 6
K  K  6.3  10
2 K
fcu  b1  h2 Ia  0.5  0.25  Ia  1
0.9

Therefore use Ia=0.95 Ia  0.95

6
MA  10
As 
fy  Ia  h2 As  115.008 mm2

mst  b1  d 6
Asmin   10 Asmin  1.05  103 mm2
100

ADOPT Y16 @ 200 c/c, As=1010 mm2/m

MECHERINT LTD, ABUJA 14-6 22nd NOVEMBER 2017

STEDY ENGINEERING & FOUNDATION DESIGN 2X30/40MVA 132/33KV SS
CONSTRUCTION LTD TO BS 8110: PART 1-3 OKITIPUPA
1985 & 1997

DISTRIBUTION BARS

Considering Axis X-X

Distance for calculation of critical stress, Lfy D b
Lfy  
2 2
Lfy  0.45 m
Critical moment at B, (fig 2), MB fnet  Lfy
MB 
2
MB  13.4 kN-m

MB
K  6 K
K  6.3  10 Ia  0.5  0.25 
0.9 Ia  1
2
fcu  b1  h2

Therefore use Ia=0.95 Ia  0.95

6
MB  10
As  As  115.008 mm2
fy  Ia  h2

mst  b1  d 6 3
Asmin   10 Asmin  1.05  10 mm2 As  Asmin
100
Therefore provide nominal reinforcement ADOPT Y16 @ 200 c/c, As=1010 mm2/m
6. DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
Development length, Ld
Ld  dr 
 0.87  fy mm
4α τ

Ld  761.25 mm
Minimum lenght of reinforcement=1500m therefore reinforcement will not slip.

7. CHECK FOR SHEARS

OneWayShear v
The location, Lv1, of critical shear for the base thickness evaluation is at d mm distance from the
column face
B
Lv1  d
2
Shear force ,V V  fnet  Lv1

V  26.8 kN

MECHERINT LTD, ABUJA 14-7 22nd NOVEMBER 2017

STEDY ENGINEERING & FOUNDATION DESIGN 2X30/40MVA 132/33KV SS
CONSTRUCTION LTD TO BS 8110: PART 1-3 OKITIPUPA
1985 & 1997

V
v 
3
D  d  10
v  0.048 N/mm2
100  As
As%  As%  0.3
6
d  b1  10
From table 3.8 of BS8110 code the value of vc for the percent of steel and depth of our foundation
is vc=0.45
Therefore the thickness of our foundation is OK when one-way shear is
v  vc
considered
Check for two Way Shear (punching Shear), vpunching
The critical perimeter (for punching shear) is taken as 1.5d from column faces.
Critical perimeter for punching shear Pcrit.
Pcrit  2  ( a  b)  π  3  d Pcrit  6.1 m
Area within critical perimeter, Acrit

2
Acrit  ( b  3  d)  ( a  3  d)  ( 4  π)  ( 1.5  d)

Acrit  2.8 m2
Load causing punching is the total load outside the critical perimeter V2
V2  fnet  ( B  D  Acrit)

V2  15.8 N

V2
vpunching 
6
Pcrit  d  10
6
vpunching  7.419  10 N/mm2
Comparing this value with the permissible shear of vc=0.45N/mm2 of Table 3.8 of BS8110:Part 1:1997,
assuming the minimum 0.35% steel , shows that the base is safe against punching shear with a depth of
300mm

8. Column Design

Ultimate axial load on column,N N  1.6  P

Ultimate moment on one column in the X-direction, Mx Mx  Mux

Ultimate moment on one column in the Y-direction, My My  Muy

MECHERINT LTD, ABUJA 14-8 22nd NOVEMBER 2017

STEDY ENGINEERING & FOUNDATION DESIGN 2X30/40MVA 132/33KV SS
CONSTRUCTION LTD TO BS 8110: PART 1-3 OKITIPUPA
1985 & 1997

Minimum steel, mst mst  0.25 percent

a  1000  a b  1000  b c1  50
a  700 b  700
N
ϕ 
fcu  a  b β  1  1.644  ϕ

dr
a1  a  c1  a1  642
2
dr b1  1
b1  b  c1 
2
Mx My
Z1  Z2 
a1 b1
Z1  0 Z2  0.018
Since Z1 is larger than Z2 we shall compute the enhanced Moment in the X-direction

a1
M1x  Mx  β   My
b1
6
3 M1x  10
N  10 Mn 
Nn  2
fcu  a  b fcu  b  a

4 3
Nn  7.706  10 Mn  1.339  10
From column design chart =0, therefore provide nominal reinforcement
ab
Asmin  mst  mm2
100
3
Asmin  1.225  10 mm2

ADOPT 4Y12 and 4Y16 , As=1256.4 mm2 dr  16

Links
dr
Minimum bar  of links, Db 
4
Db  4 mm

Spacing of links < 12 Sp  12  dr Sp  192

ADOPT Y10 @ 175mm c/c SPACING

MECHERINT LTD, ABUJA 14-9 22nd NOVEMBER 2017

STEDY ENGINEERING & FOUNDATION DESIGN 2X30/40MVA 132/33KV SS
CONSTRUCTION LTD TO BS 8110: PART 1-3 OKITIPUPA
1985 & 1997

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