~RC phOh!

1:, h0iif ·1o , ~~

Di c1.uo10, ,H
Wl
jnuQ 6rh - Jimp '

~ A N,~
Rr

,r

(,

I R R
'f
I C'
r
r~
/2+~3d - -Jfflif! £-- - ji-af i j
C'
66°
~o
1/a,D
00 r
t ') 9n +hi.! McWa+or ~ RC c1rcu, , L~ LUjd ,n Hu 0P.udback P 1
~

t 19 1lv,h, Rc fhllhi ,ah,j+ oicWator 8JMrah t1abRi J,rn wovll . r

tIll) 1fug w,d in lM.tJ amt}(O~on Jn7wnc1
(IJ.U' '
(I~ 11u ~c phOAJ 1:ihiJJ o.&ci)Jafor Hu amptp,r Prou,'Ju, )~0° 1 ~

Ph/lbi i.ih JJ 1
/Jo 1o ~f- -Hu ;.,wfairud tJ.& ciJJa.Jion tl-u J.ttdba~
Pofh ~houJd iillo frouidi l~o' ~ fhM1 .ohj+-• ~
lV) 9n ordu ~o 3i
Phou .oh/+ ltU n.ud 1o CMca di th1 kio~
100'
Ac ckt . 1M i.& 1tilor1./icanj com c./- bu/- J»'acti ca Ilg i~ ii not
1
~os~i'bL +o ach,euJ l~o· PhruJ ;,h;J+ bg 1Wo Re A./-09~-
 (V') Proc~co11d bJ u~,n1 Ihm Re 1Jo7g ·,+ ,), p01i,11bt 1o ach,~vJ
Itoo• ~ PhMJ lh,J/. Soch Ator w,ll Prou,di a 60° ph(l.!, &hiJ!.
(Vtt) 9n thJ,1 ~ C PhmJ AhiJ f Mci.Uafoy Hu oHenuoHo n 1.e. proui<h
b~ 1fu j.udhack .Mo~ i&
~:: _I
c1a
~=--- > A~Jenuaton
Jriop 3ain »u aain frovid.i d bg -nu op- amp Alhould 1u
;1ua.f +o Ja.

(VrtrJ y Hirn 1.it-O;f ll>U uMd 1han of#IJtt voJ/.ogvi Jt,9111nc:J-

Con b1 gJ vin b Jhi 1r1pru,1iian
i
f"' JrrRCJ6
ror N numb1r 1 .1.fag'A · .--f--=---.-,--__,
rl"RCJJN
(II ein Btidg, o~cillaJor
(r) O~- Amp ,A UA1d ln Hu hOn-inwr.Jing- co?Ji3urMlon olld ,Jiu
,Jv, J»d bad IA prov,did -lo #iui ~P- RmP fhrough R Judbock
ckl.
(IIJ Hw ck+ com,lt 1
~ Re cht- (rutwo,k). 1Ji, ""' M
iniu Re mlwork and • '-'
 I'""

c,
~,;
✓'5. izt H'?,
f

t1.
'
R
\1 ~lt Ri
?z
/
Ri
Yout

Ci

l
-

OR

R+

--

r
I
- ... _____ _

► /4ir;ep Re
hifworf

--
- ➔ Paralhl Re
nJlwor k
 111
I ) Hm Alme~ RC cH oc! ,1 OJ, /JP,\ (h~h p~,M Ji)/VJ) whlii
Para,lW RC ckl ildA (1,1 /l Jow P<w, J,)/m.
trvJ HencJ f!w, RC nihvork a+ om paiJ,uJ<J)j Jr11wnc3 prouictL!
max,mum ou~po{ and b,hauJJi };)<;
(V) 1fu hh 11 h',I
v M di. 0 J o /fu ck1 wl tf bJ wo whJn Fr, i,1,,

r -_ I
> Tr h
Jn Re_ :i R, " R2
Re,anon-1-
frl9'1Jlll~
L

(Vt) Por Wein bridQJ

I 0
osc,llaior , d}enuo+l6ri . ~ "" j and }oof gain
)b 0
cJ

&IL\· 9n a wein bi-id? (')lCiJJa+or R, "" R2 and C, '° Cz . .fr " lo khz
#un j•nd ,/tu vaiw ~ R whm C ~ 0·01 }.,(f.
~oJ - fr ::: _L
cln RC

R ~ )rg 1. r JL
R ~ ), ~9 kJL
· LC O!cilla+or
) Co~Pif+.& oJcilbiM - CoJf,lfa 02,c,lfo-lor 1'1, on1 1Yft 1 LC aAc
and it ,~ uu Jor +hl 8~nira~·on h~h Jr11wnc~ 1 AjnoJ
1~ Pic~ in +fu LVJ ra ng-t ()- radio n ~ wn cj .M in 1h,I nuJl}i J
RC circwJ- ll UbJd in Jht .ud bac~ pa1h aj Jfu ouiJJaJor.

- - --- - - - 7
r-----1 Lt r------,
r---r-----. 2 2. r----------1
I
I
I

I
I

I
:~ ~Rd back ckt
'
I I
'---- ---- -------------- -------'

11
J 9-1 Z, i Z2 - Ca poci +o r ,1}
6 7
c.3 ~
,_
9ndLlcror Ckt coJpi++ Olc1Vo1-0r (-l ~I H

(It) SJ Z, ' Li - 9ndud-orA l Cki o-1 Harfh ogi,lfo1or (~

13 Copaolwi j
- if d
t111 J ~ 1, , Z2 ___,, Ulpaci !or,1 }
Z3 ---'l 9ndur:lor Ck1 ~ CJopp Mci,/Jo./o, ( -AfQ jI-)

C
 ----T-
_L--:- ~ /4,'nJ wavR

CT K___/
/\ I'\
V
-- f
Char8'\1 and diuhoigin8
-> Whin a Jrnde voJ101~ i,1 o/i/Jt·~d in 1hi fonk ck{· 1/v copac,tDt/2
Mor~,1, chorgi n3 and ~ ,Mon cv, 1hil, copod}6t 8~h Ju1Jy charf!
dtscohn.lc} Hu voMo~) .MJpp!~ , +lun %A capoci1or 1JaJ1t/i
d,·1.,ch org Ing 1-h ro uih jndu ckr.

~> 1lu inductor wi.11 ,1forx thil enug~ and ioduw a bae,k em f
lo #ia!- .mmi amcun+ ~ cumn} can cont·nuowJ~ J)ow.
throuah Hu ckt.
-➔ tw. fo ~ chart1J and d.uc,h(i){ging ~ co/~aci10r W1 cw
31itln} 0,1,c,JJoflon in Hu o/p LC ckt, 1
Ckf diagram 1 calfail-h, ouUJad-or lling. op-amp.

R, Rr

180'

,- - - - - - -- - - -- l
~-> 100· Ahijl phaJJ
! -I c, I
I
I
I

- ---------- ------
I
-4
oJ pi}}.1 O!cilla1or I

Ll.611~ ~:fT Vee

·1
lIR, n~
I ))
c,,
I -0 Vo1H

-- c,,
C,
{ >Amph fJr ckJ
= 9Jj_ ]
9/p C4

L
~
I
F~dback ckt
- --- - ------ ----- ·- --·

An LC. D!tillo-lorwh,ch UMJi 1Wo capacl+or ond oru mduc-lor

m ,!hi J-udho& nitillol -Hun i+ 1/., caliid ru coRpif+ Clicdia:l-or
---+ 1fu op-amp prov,d.u nwlid ampJJJ,coNon whih_ Jiu Jndba&
ckt ,_, rupoM1~1 Jor ainirokOn ~ rucillotor JnqwnCJ
---+ 9n #tu cK l o~ - amp iA conJ,g1md in in vn./in3 conJ,gu rol, on
- Ou~u+ Id /'YIJMurid ocrMJ copacifor C
2
~ Wh,L #u Jvdbock +o 1fu ckf iJ proviclid b~ caPoc,Jor C,,
---+ Ra~o ~ fL - Wi.. i.& ~,
c, 'il/p
Wh,ch 11, ~noum & Jvdbatk Jroc~on , fl-Uenuatlon Jrachon
--t 1Ju o,,,c,JJ.alin9 Jt.('JW"'a- ~ coJpu+ ouWa+or 11, 31v.tn b

~ =&
1
f = JJr.)[ci;
tc,, l'1 lC, -t- lC C, fC2
2
~

~ fi/ji L'c o1'o n 1 co9pi-H1i 0,1c i Lfofo rh

~ (rJ Cc!f'U,1 Meollo!orJ /lJ(I w.,id Jot h~h Jn7ruric~ rong1 ;,,gnaJ
~~ 3iru~aflc,n.
--- (tr) ft AtnJac1 Acoust'&../ wou1 (SAW) mono-I-Dr P~r~·cuJ.OJ< Jr11,
1111) Microwov1 oppLca1oni.
( IV) ll1oh,t and Ulmmunicoton 1.iwJem'
cv, ~ am capabh 1 ff nJraJing Mcilla-lion J6r audio ron9-1 Jr17,
10 oph coJ bond Jn1· kh < > Ghz
~tu- ~efetmini ./hi Jn'/Wn~ 1 Mci}io}Con jnr ,Jiu .1i&iwn ot.cil1
find -nu aain 1 amp1'jAY Ot & Mobh opnn,/fon.

R,
Rs

50mH -
 AU\YeidoR ~ Y
C1~~ C,C2. _ ~·l~IO.. , x ~·DIXIQ- 6
c,,,. C2 D•I t lOt- 6 +0 01 ~ IQP-G I

C,1 - J iO o 'if X J ~ tb s
,o--~ +,0.. &
C-, ~ 9' 09 X10--9 f
f: I
3
-;:Ji:::~~,4-~9.~=q=K,=o~q:==~!i=a-,<io-E = 1· 412 Xro 1·412 khz
~ =- C2 C
-c ~ A ~ --1.. ::. O· l I
' C2. o, Ot :. ~

..~1'3- f.lc;JMor
~ 1hi Jri qw nc;/ /\J 1,.i,r d.iation en n bt 8ivI n b~
f- _I -
&n Jl11C
wh1H1 L,~ - l, f l2
~ HorJ13 O&crtlakr oHenua-1-ion ($) = 1-
~r L2
30.in

At~ , ~='JJ

R, ~ - - - - - 1---..----ft Voat-
(Pure~

C,

Advon~f :
➔ 911tl-Af oj .fwo ,tparak coll L, t a St
b.t J. (w,"3 eenhr .J.a~
 "~
SJ:
C,

~ oic, ijo~rn w, b1 variid. i " 8l

1fu amfhh,d, c,{ 1/u ~u l/1ul WYlflJn~ c◊n,iant DVH Hu wur mg er It
d <i- ■
Jnqurnc~ ron.3/ <r It]
- Vi~ J1w cnmpo,un ~t!. ruu nudid,
l\ · I
u1sao.uon108Ui ,
f , (,i,
~
Ii
connd b1 Lt~Jd a~ iow Jri1wnc~ Dt,cilln10Y ,1inu 11v vaYw ,
SJ-
~ mduc+or biconw. Jorf anJ si11 ~ indudot b1com.1 bui~~- i::---.
- 11u ho Imoni c C~hle nl- In -tlu ou+put ~ +hh our Aiofor ih v,ry
h13h • hwu it 16 no-I- ,luiiab1 Jor 1111 appt 'w~·on which r11u..ir.1.. fu~
Situ tuovJ.

&LU - Consichr Hu which Hor+l,~ OJ>G',Ho1or 1.6 com+rud,:=

3ivin J,3urt in
lui#I O p-amp and J-udba& LC n1kiotk , ~~ r.(Yrr>n3 1o Jvm •~
~0~lll! d1krmin1 Dfuotng Jn1wnc} and mo';(imum occljrl-ab11 -•:- -_ ,
lJ.~iMonu R Jor OLci 11ationl. +o h-l-or}. ..~-.,J
100 kJ1.

+
R Yee

Vou+

D·l.uF 1.uf
C
l.uf

-
-
\
- -
- d;JT·IX10- 6
t1Xto~q

f ~ J

-b. ~8 ff· I x10-,s-

f =- 4· 8 x1ob hz
) f = 4·8 nlhz

~ N13a#vJ jnd hock gaJn .' R =- _&

R
~ = l! o.
_ I -0k
- - - - =-D,)
L1 I JJH
~ A :: _l ~ J_ =- /0
~ 01 1

Pu+ -lfu voiw ~ A in abow '. A=-_&_

R
lo!:_ looxro 3
R
f .(. R ~ 10 kJt
I~ CJopp Dicilla+oYJ
------- -- -- --
I
Vee -, I
I
--- - - - I

- --' I
I
J t,g l
' - - ~l 1 - - - - , - - - - - 0 Vout ;

.,, ~ DC
I AUpp)~
 T

o v(llH

C!a~p ◊AcilfoJn>' t1~i1~ op. Rmp

Qt aho knt'u-1n M Gou ri eia-1- 01,ciJMor.
1,1,

9+ 11, an LC dtchonic mci.lJoJor -Iha-I- llMb a /nar~'ct1iM comhma-lio

~ on mdud-or (LJ and ihm copacUor (C, , C2 , C3).
9+ ,~ on adLonc9 vmior, oJ co9p;H.o o.ocila+or bJcauu it conlain
on1 add,~on colioci+or C3 +ha-I- ,l connJctld in ,m'i ~ wi~h fnducM
L.
1lu coPac,h C3 1rnprov1.o #Lt Jri1wnc~ A+abdi~ and eJimmafeA
1fu ~~c~ ~ A~roa ca/Jacifonct [unwonJ-1d co/iaci1'anci]
Workin~ :

hHun sw,l-ch 1i1 on Hu radio J119wncJ coiJ (Rrc) will b9ock Hu

fiC s13na£ ond cr.lJow C, , r, 2 4 C3 10 charf
11-un W.cho r9118 1 C, , C2 4
1 1
'----7 C3 occm lh1ot~1h inductor Land 1!-
cn ate a bock em~ d /l i
0 uroun )1'
 ~ > 1fu~pro cu)~ w, ti ccn~nu~ ond it pmduo Ohc1Vo~on1> w,th IM
0

PhMl hh1Jt,
-~ 1hiA lc;..ab asc,tla~oM J1d fa #u amplin M Judback and fhiA
orripi,Jie -Hu Si ncJ. at 36C' ph~~ ·
p f ~ _\_
p JrrJLC.q
~I Ill
 Wein Bridgi Ot:,ci.Uotbr Jmr/LUIJC~ &iivafic,n

R l ~ 7
.i_ ~ - - -: ~ oyout

r----~ \NWl-11 :.-1 7

R C I
l

C '.

~ } rJJdback

Af z, = R ;n s~ri'u Lu.Hh C
Z2 =- R\! C
~ =- ~ =
) Yo
 I
~

~'~ Re }
Fi1rw,cJ dx,·ivahon JN c(lq)i,)fa ond Ho, HlJ ~tci~h\oy
-➔ "Z2. ind -:~ clle in ~R'.lW\' rYo
-➔ (li ~ Z:,,) II Z1 _L
-> le1 ZL h, 1h~ -~+al ;m~~1clo1cJ •
J.fep I : ~ =- VF 7
3
Vo z,
~ ~ Vo
r>-----1

= '"l2 x _J_ V~
7 2 -t 7 3 Yo Z
2
~ ==- 72
-Z2 +Z:s
.Mep 11 : ZL = ( z2 +zJ 11 z
1

LL =- lZ2. f 23) z,
-Z2+Z3tZ,

Vo =- Av, Ynoiu

A =- _Vo_
ZL
ZL t Ro
)(
I
Vo

A~
vno,~~
LL i( ~v
l
li 1 Ro
8arkhousrn cri1e'tia soil.& ' A, f ~ I
 72.
_ZL '/..Av X 72.17~
czl +Re,)

A~ = J_-Z2~ ?q I . ?(
)z 72
Av i.. cz::i 23)
cz, +
7 21 'Z3)
'ZL t Ro
(z1 Hq)Z, d v ?<
(Z, +?2 +?3)
(?2+Z3)Z, + Ro
(z, t 2'2 f 7.3)

A~ =- Z, {72. t'Z3) X Av

~ X Z2.
C, l ;2 +z3) +Ro (z, H2 f Z3 '2 +z
~ - 3

A~ =- !1 (z/4L_x Av X _z
2
z, ( + +Ro I Z, tz H3) ~-z
22 l3) -~) 2

A~ - _ 'Z, Z2 Av
Z. (Zz+z3) f Ro ('l, +Z2.+ 2'3
k+ 1, :: 1x,

I\~ " 'lX, 112 • Av

lJX2 41Ks) :JX, f Ro(1X, 4 1Ki +1X3)
~~ =- - Av ,x, ti
(JX1+ 1x3+ :f~)Re- ~.cx,-t- Xs) ~ 9.Y
 A~ ho.1, no ,m,,na'IJ )>or-l-
Henc1. , JRo ( X, +X-2 +X3) = 0
[ 'l{, +X1 H°3 =- c]
lo, fn1wne3 Jor VlftiJ#A tbJ for na,,11, Me1l.1Jor
X, +~2+ X3 = C> X +~2 +Xg 0
Wt - 1 _L =- o 1
WCt we, - 4- ttYta +UJta

ftJt