OPEN CHANNEL

FROUDE NUMBER
Where

f- =%p¢ F- Froude No
g = gravity
,

D= depth
f- 4- subcritical
f- =L -
critical
1=71 -
supercritical

CRITICAL DEPTH
Whew
a. discharge

/ 8 = gravity
A- = area
for Mon
B = Base
rectangular
section
 % =^÷%=Fp
=A%
"
when

9=9-3
5- Sra

% 43%1
.
BYE

B3
=

g.

% ok =
¥3
:§
=

do
do:
og

EAqgQ=④
OHEZY 's

v= Cots
c-
s =
coefficient
Slope
⇐ Kutter

Bazin
I

R= Hydraulic radius

"w%÷ed perimeter
=

¥
?⃝
?⃝
KUTTER 'S C
Where

&+,pk
A-
G- roughness
coefficient
f- Slope
A- hydraulic
1<=231-0%55 radius

d
Manning 's

G- R' ④

garfish
English =
1.4¥
5. I -

In
"
C- R' ( 1-4%-1
G-
12¥
 C
Bazin 's
Where

&¥ss%
⇐
M= roughness
coefficient

most Efficient section

1. semi - circle - of all sections,

the most efficient is

Sena i _
circular

I
 Rectangular

EF=tI
B
Triangular

-2¥
B-

ii
Trapezoidal
*
a%%o#
2- 9 ×
y ¥
7-4

Sample Problem

A trapezoidal canal has a bottom width

of 6m and a side slope 2h -

to

is 1.2m and
When he depth of the flow
rate 20 4m31sec
of flow
.

is
-

1-
compute the specific Energy
in meters 1.40
-

2 .

If the roughness coefficient n=0

obtain the slope of to canal Using
's Formula
Manning
?⃝
 hearing stars
3. computer the average r

of the boundary over the surface of

the channel in / m2

specific Ehergy =
¥gt⑧
¥gt¥+z:%¥
tie
,

1.409m
specific
=

Energy

Q= VA
20.4
V (")h
10 8
=

iii.¥
""

1.
"

' ✓ =
2.0238 m/s

✗ = 2-4
Am

V
 V __c⑤

ñÉnf
'

G- R÷ {Y ,
-

""

(¥,
* =

=
= 10.08nF

F- ¢6833/ (2) 1-6

"

= iii.

⇐ 65.346
✓ = offs
V=tnÉ
"

¥
+1.0238--65 .mÑÑ
v=tnR%sʰ
g, 1.08×10-3
 4=8 Mai

=
981014ms (
w; (1.08×10-3)

=939#m[
A trapezoidal flume with side slope of

225ft /s of water at
'

1:| carries
The canal is laid
mean velocity of
3
ftp.
0.0002 with 4=0.015 ,

on slope of

Ddwmimthnormddepth0fthe_ V
canal in
feet
-

Q=④
V=②T④
IV :2H
ratio
Proper Excavation
 V17 worst
Q=
225=3 (A) c. =
12%(1-4,86)
A- 75 ;ft2
V
-1-48,6-12%5
- 's

R.= 5.67

F-
¥
3=1%4,1-12%0 -00¥

12--3-13
3-13=751--62
To *
F- 23.96ft Fntñ
Ih /
*
=⇐h=&+n)nÉÉh[
A=(Bt2hztB)h pink
④ €9.2
Fta

P=Bt2(hT) -

✗ =h= ?
75=B( th )h 20h52)
f
-

23-96=21301-2 (nos )
 75=[23.96-21404] ] th h

h= 5.17 ft

A trapezoidal canal to
carry
3. 6m31s .
the

slope of the canal is to be 0.002 and

the roughness
coefficient it If he
most efficient i section is desired what ,

depth of canal is required

7- 2- 3-6=①
V=tR%sk
z z

2-
z

/ Fz
d=fÉEY
%
2-

A-
_

Eᵗ)C④
-¥)s± Q=④A

(Zt2
60
= 2-sin
D= 2- sin 60

P=3Z
-

3⇐) # sin 60
 0.002¥ (322--2)%0
3.6 =
o÷,z[É¥¥"I] (
2- =
I. 1031m

D= 2-sin 60

sin 60
= f. 1031

-0.955m¢
WEIR

TRIANGULAR WEIR

90° ¥ I It

Q = 2.36 Ctan (0--2) HE

C- coefficient of flow
90° weir

Q = 1.41+512
Rectory " "
suppressed all

Q=2.95CLH%
Double contraction

0 O
'

=
L -
O -2A

Q -
2.95C ④HE
 =L

0.IO#Q--2.95CL'
-

HE
value
s if no

Francis Fommk / for G

Q=t84LH
y

Q = Qs 1- Qa

"
= 2.36 G-tan (E) 11-512+2.95 CRLH
?⃝
 Cipolleti Weir Han E)

01=1.86111-70
the crest length of the Cipolleti weir is

five times its head .

Find the length if

the
discharge is 0 .
82m31s

Q = 1. 86 1-1+312
%
Q = 1.86/51+1 (A)
%

0.82 = I. 86 (SH)(A)
51T
It = 0.3786
L= 1.893 /

Water flows over a Cipolleti weir having

constant
a crest length of 2m under a

head of 0.85 m .
Determine the discharge
%
Q 1.86 LH
in m% -

= 2- 915
Water flows over a rectangular weir

(c) under a head of 1.2m If

.
the

discharge is 10 .

66m31s . Determine to
length of the weir

2
%
Q =
[*

Q Cool 11-312
10.66--1.5641=4%2
-
-

2.95C = Cw

1=5.694 L=

= 5.198m