Approved CASE GE 6 SIM Oroc Ortiz Javinez As of Jan 2022 1

Uni
UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO
College of Arts and Science Education
Social Science Discipline
Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged
Self-Instructional Manual (SIM) for Self-Directed Learning (SDL)
GE6 - Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal
THIS SIM/SDL MANUAL IS A DRAFT VERSION ONLY; NOT FOR

REPRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OUTSIDE OF ITS INTENDED USE.
THIS IS INTENDED ONLY FOR THE USE OF THE STUDENTS WHO ARE
OFFICIALLY ENROLLED IN THE COURSE/SUBJECT.
EXPECT REVISIONS OF THE MANUAL.

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES EDUCATION
2/F DPT Bldg., Matina Campus, Davao City
Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART 1: COURSE OUTLINE 04
PART 2: INSTRUCTION PROPER 04

BIG PICTURE A 10
UNIT LEARNING OUTCOME 1 10
METALANGUAGE 10
Week 1
ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE 11
Rizal Law 11
SELF-HELP 13
LET’S CHECK1.1 14
LET’S ANALYZE 1.1 15
IN A NUTSHELL 17
Q&A LIST 18
KEYWORD INDEX 18

METALANGUAGE 19
Week 2
Socio Political and Economic Condition in the Spanish Era 20
SELF-HELP 26
LET’S CHECK1.2 27
IN A NUTSHELL 32
Q&A LIST 33
KEYWORD INDEX 33

METALANGUAGE 34
Week 3
Displacement of Cultural Roots and Dr. Rizal’s Nationalism 35
SELF-HELP 36
LET’S CHECK1.3 37
LET’S CHECK1.4 38
IN A NUTSHELL 42
Q&A LIST 43
KEYWORD INDEX 43
BIG PICTURE B 44
METALANGUAGE 45
Week 4
Dr. Jose Rizal’s Ancestry and Origin 45
Dr. Jose Rizal’s Education in the Philippines 47
SELF-HELP 49
LET’S CHECK 2.1 50
IN A NUTSHELL 57
1 | G E 6 : Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal

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Q&A LIST 58
KEYWORD INDEX 58

METALANGUAGE 59
Week 5
Jose in Europe 60
On Anchoring our Filipino Origin 63
SELF-HELP 65
IN A NUTSHELL 73
Q&A LIST 74
KEYWORD INDEX 74

METALANGUAGE 75
Week 6
Morga’s Book and Rizal’s Annotation 76
Jose Rizal’s Changing Views and Spanish Rule 78
SELF-HELP 79
IN A NUTSHELL 85
Q&A LIST 86
KEYWORD INDEX 86
BIG PICTURE C 87
METALANGUAGE 87
Week 7
The Twin Books 88
SELF-HELP 92
IN A NUTSHELL 98
Q&A LIST 99
KEYWORD INDEX 99

METALANGUAGE 100
Week 8
Jose Rizal’s Biography 102
Writings of Dr. Jose Rizal 107
SELF-HELP 108
LET’S CHECK3.3 109
IN A NUTSHELL 119

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Q&A LIST 120

KEYWORD INDEX 120

METALANGUAGE 121
Week 9
Women Acquainted to Dr. Jose Rizal 122
IN A NUTSHELL 128
Q&A LIST 129
KEYWORD INDEX 129
REFERENCES 130

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Course Outline: GE 6 – Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal
Course Instructors: __________________________

Email: __________________________
Student Consultation: By Appointment thru email, messenger, Blackboard LMS,
phone call or text
Mobile: _______________________
Effectivity Date: August, 2020
Mode of Delivery: Blended (On-Line with face to face or Virtual sessions)
Time Frame: 54 Hours
Student Workload Expected Self-Directed Learning
Requisites: None
Credit: 3
Attendance Required: A minimum of 95% attendance is required at all
scheduled Virtual or face to face sessions.
Course Outline Policy
Area of Concern Details
Contact and Non-Contact The Self-Instructional Manual is designed for this 3-

Hours unit course in the Life and Works of Dr. Jose Rizal
(General Education 6). The expected number of
online sessions or virtual sessions, which will be
scheduled on a specific time period, will be one hour
per school day. Face-to-ace sessions, when
warranted, will be scheduled for assessments and
exams.
Assessment Task Submission of assessment tasks shall be on the 3rd,

Submission 6th, and 8th weeks of the term unless otherwise
scheduled by the instructor. The assessment paper
shall be attached with a cover page indicating the title
of the assessment task or activity (as reflected on the
module), the professor’s name, date of submission,
and name of the student. The document shall either
be submitted through the appropriate Blackboard
LMS platform or emailed to the Course Instructor. It is
also expected that students have already paid their
tuition and other fees before the submission of the

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assessment tasks.
Assessment tasks uploaded in the Blackboard LMS

are to be answered within specific time frames. As a
matter of course, the schedule will be given ahead of
time by the Course Instructor.
All assessment tasks and requirements are to be

given and complied with online. There is, however, a
possibility that the Final Examination will be given and
taken in person at the campus. Should this be the
case, the Course Instructor is to arrange ahead of
time the exam schedule and other matters pertaining
to the in-person conduct of the exam.
Safe Assign Submission Honesty and integrity are valued and practiced in the
University. It is expected, then, that all assessment
(when applicable) tasks are complied with accordingly. Where
appropriate, tasks submitted through the Blackboard
LMS are to undergo plagiarism check using Safe
Assign. Only a maximum of 20% index is allowed.
This means that if the paper goes beyond the 20%
index, the student will either redo the assessment or
receive a failing marking. In addition, if the paper
reaches 50 to 100% plagiarism index, possible
disciplinary actions will be opted by the Course
Instructor in accordance with the University’s OPM on
Intellectual and Academic Honesty.
Please be reminded that academic dishonesty, which

includes cheating, plagiarism and commissioning
other people to work on students’ tasks, will have
consequences ranging from reprimand to warning
and even expulsion.
Penalties for Late Assignments and assessments are to be

Assignments/Assessments accomplished and submitted within a definite time
period. Tasks submitted beyond the deadline will
merit a 7% deduction from the total score per day.
Submitting insufficient requirements and requirements
that failed to meet the set criteria will also merit the
same.

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However, deductions won’t apply to late submissions

that have valid reasons. In such cases, students are
required to submit to the Course Instructor a letter of
explanation to be appended with proof or evidence as
support.
Return of Assignments/ Assessment tasks will be returned within a maximum

Assessments of two weeks after submission. Where applicable,
only the scores will be returned and not the entire
assessment. Activities and assessments done in the
Blackboard LMS, save for essays, will have their
results reflected immediately after they are taken.
If group submission is required, only one copy of the

accomplished task will be submitted. The names of all
students who contributed must be reflected on the
submitted copy.
Re-marking of Contesting or requesting to change the score

Assessment Papers and received for an assessment task must be done in
Appeal writing and addressed to the Course Facilitator. The
letter must explicitly explain the reasons/points why
such contest or request be honored. If the Course
Facilitator denies or disapproves the request, the
concerned student can elevate the case to the
Discipline Chair, and then to the Dean of the College.
The original letter containing the request or appeal
must be submitted together with the new appeal. It is
the Dean of the College who will issue the final
decision regarding the contest or request.
Grading System For graded assessment tasks, the following

computation is to be used.
Examination 70%
First Assessment 10%

Second Assessment 10%
Third Assessment 10%
Final Assessment 40%
Class Participation 30%
Quizzes, Assignments, Participations 10%

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Research, Projects, Requirements 20%
TOTAL 100%
The submission of grade will follow the University

system and procedure.
Citations and Quotations In quoting and citing works of others, APA format
should be used. Where applicable, a list of references
must be appended as the last page of the
accomplished work.
Student Communication Students are required to have an active umindanao

account through which they can access the
BlackBoard LMS platforms. Within the first week of
the term/semester, any student who failed to
login/access a course must communicate immediately
to the CASE Dean’s Office through the contact details
listed below. Students who do not have a working
umindanao account must immediately contact Dr.
Ramcis N. Vilchez at rvilchez@umindanao.edu.ph.
In-campus face-to-face sessions, whenever required

and allowed by quarantine guidelines, will be
scheduled and coordinated in advance.
For specific concerns, students may contact the

appropriate office. The list of the offices and their
contact details are listed below.
Contact Details of the Khristine Concepcion, Ph.D

CASE Dean Email: artsciences@umindanao.edu.ph
Phone: (082)305-0647 Local 118
Contact Details of the Helen Q. Omblero, DSD
Program Head Email: Helen_Omblero@umindanao.edu.ph
Phone: (082)305-0647 Local 118
Students with Special Students with concern must coordinate with the
Needs or concern instructor. Depending on the nature and rationale of
the concern the instructor may give an alternative
assessment task or extend deadline with the approval

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of the program head. However alternative

assessments given should be relevant with the
learning outcome of the course.
Library Contact Details Brigida E. Bacani

Phone: 082 305-0645/ 082 227-5456 (ask to connect
to the office of LIC Head)
Well-being Welfare Zerdszen Rañises

Support Help Desk GSTC (Guidance Services and Testing Center)
Contact Details Phone: 082 305-0645/ 082 227-5456 (ask to connect
to the office of the GSTC Facilitator or GSTC Head)
Course Information - see/download course syllabus in the Black Board LMS
Instructor: Hello everyone! Welcome to this course GE 6 – Rizal’s Life and

Works. It is required by no less than the law for everyone to study
the life and works of Dr. Jose Rizal. But beyond this requirement, it
has always been our duty as citizens of the country to know our
history and remember the people who fought for our freedom. We
are all enjoined to rekindle in our hearts the passion and love for
our motherland and to be grateful for the sacrifices that men like
Rizal did for our freedom.
CO: As students of this course, you are expected to manifest in your

study some basic knowledge about the historical background
related to the life and works of Dr. Jose Rizal. To truly appreciate
what he did and the nationalism that people so admired about him,
even more than knowing about his colorful life, we are enjoined to
learn about the Rizal Law, the 19th Century Context, the very
concept of Filipino Nationalism, his two novels and other writings,
and his life and times. Hence, in this course you are expected to
LEARN, READ, KNOW, ENJOY and REFLECT on the life and
works of Dr. Jose Rizal. More than this, you are expected to
analyze these in view of their meaning and significance to our
present time. Lastly, you are expected to actively perform in all
assessments and other tasks in the course.
Without further ado, LET’S GO. PARA SA BAYAN!

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BIG PICTURE A
Week 1-3: Unit Learning Outcomes 1 (ULO 1):
At the end of the unit, you are expected to

a. Discuss the historical background of the Rizal Law;
b. Examine the condition of life in the 19th Century Philippines; and
c. Analyze the foundations of Filipino national identity.
BIG PICTURE in Focus

A. Discuss the historical background of Rizal Law
B.
METALANGUAGE
In this section, the essential terms relevant to the study of the Life and Works of Dr.
Jose Rizal and to the ULO-1 will be defined to establish a ground on how to
understand terms that you will encounter in this course. As we go through the study
of the life and works of Dr. Jose Rizal, please be guided of the following terms and
understand its concepts and ideas.
1. Republic Act 1425: THE RIZAL LAW

 An act to include in the curricula of all public and private schools,
colleges and universities courses on the life, works and writings of Jose
Rizal, particularly his novels Noli me Tangere and El Filibusterismo,
authorizing the printing and distribution thereof, and for other purposes.
2. Executive Order no. 75

 A law mandating the creation of the National Heroes Committee (NHC)
to evaluate national personalities who made impact on Philippine
History.
3. Nationalism
 a sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others
and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests
as opposed to those of other nations
or supranational groups(https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/nationalism)
4. Republic

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 A democratic government system where the leaders of the country is

chosen through election and the leaders rule through distinct given
authority that is commonly been checked by other offices of the
government.
5. Anticlericalism
 in Roman Catholicism, opposition to the clergy for its real or alleged
influence in political and social affairs, for its doctrinairism, for its
privileges or property, or for any other reason. (Britannica.com)
Essential Knowledge
To perform the aforesaid big picture (Unit Learning Outcomes 1) for the first week of
this course, you need to fully understand the following essential knowledge that will
be presented in the next pages of this module. Please note that you are not limited
with the module given or the textbook, you are expected to utilize other books,
research articles, online sources and other resources available in the university’s
library e.g., elibrary, search.proquest.com and etc.
I
Rizal Law (R.A. 1425)
It is deemed necessary to discuss the origin and passing of the Rizal Law. It
becomes the basis of implementation and addition of the subjects Rizal, the Life, and
the works of Dr. Jose Rizal. The RA 1425 is the law that enacts the teaching of the
Books, Writings, Ideology, and Life of Dr. Jose Rizal as a way of teaching
Nationalism and Patriotism with the students on the higher education.
1.1 RIZAL LAW (RA 1425)
Rizal Law was approved on June 12, 1956, is an act of mandating all public and
private institutions including state colleges and universities to include Dr. Jose
Rizal’s life, works, and writings as a course across programs. But before it became
law some provisions (House Bill and Senate Bill) are passed.
Senator Claro M. Recto was the main proponent of the Bill that is in the Senate,
known to be Noli-Fili Bill or Senate Bill 438 (SB 438). Senator Jose P. Laurel, Sr.,
the chairman of the Committee on Education Sponsored the Bill in the senate. As
part of the oppositions, the Roman Catholic Church is against it due to the
censorships of the novels of Dr. Jose Rizal that seems to attack the Catholic Church.
Even though oppositions voiced their concerns it was approved in the Senate on
May 12, 1956.

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On April 19, 1956, the House of Representatives a house bill was passed namely HB
5561, led by Cong. Jacobo Gonzales passed a similar bill that was aligned with the
proposed bill of the senate of which we now know as the RA 1425.
Many controversies and arguments had been covered in this bill. Just as in our
present situation of the passed Reproductive Health Law that the Catholic Church
and some conservatives go against its passing. The Catholic Church threatened to
close done their schools if it will be passed but it was refuted by Sen. Recto that it
will be impossible for the Catholic Church to close down their schools for it is so
profitable and said that the government will just nationalize the educational system of
the country.
On the later part, on May 12, 1956, on the approval of the SB 438, the senate
compromised or bend on saying that the implementation of the reading of the
unexpurgated versions of clerically-contested reading material, such as Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo will only be for the college or university students and it
is optional.
1.2 THE NATIONAL HERO
If you are going to be asked, “Who is the national hero of the Philippines?” probably
the one that will pop your mind is Dr. Jose Rizal; but in a nutshell, IT IS NOT. It is
untraceable of when, where, and how it begins that the national hero of our country
is Dr. Rizal. True enough, He is one of our national heroes but not our national hero.
The National Heroes Committee under the office of the president was created
through an Executive Order no.75 of Pres. Fidel V. Ramos. Its principal duty as a
committee is to study, evaluate, and recommend Filipino national heroes based on
its contribution, recognition, character, and remarkable achievements for our country
and as a person.
Based on it, though Dr. Jose Rizal’s credentials deemed to pass all criteria, He is not
known to be the national hero of the Republic of the Philippines. He is known as one
of the national heroes of the Philippines. According to NCCA, No law, executive
order, or proclamation has been enacted or issued officially proclaiming any Filipino
historical figure as a National Hero.” But there are some heroes we commemorate
like Dr. Jose Rizal and Gat. Andres Bonifacio that specific dates are places for them
as a remembrance and known to be a national holiday.
1.3 Philippine National Literature
Writings of Dr. Jose Rizal are considered as a literary treasure. Most significantly his
books Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo are used as the basis on how to
perceive the scenario of the Filipinos during the Spanish Colonization. On the other
hand, he had a third novel not published the MAKAMISA.

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Relation of the Philippine nationalism and literature was joined in a paradoxical

notion in the literary sense due to its embodiment of the Filipino culture and the mix
up of other cultures in that creates a new identity for us Filipinos. Where we see the
life and its dynamics in view of the Spanish Era; also, we see the exercise of
authority that was shown in these novels which differ in concept.
Noli Me Tangere is a romantic novel that talks about the love of Crisostomo Ibarra to
Maria Clara and its tragic events that unfold on the political and religious flow of the
plots that unfolded in every page of the novel. Next is the El Filibusterismo that
tackled the revenge of the alter ego of Crisostomo (Simoun) who would wage war
against Spain to get his dreamed revenge of all the hardships he encountered and
lastly the Makamisa, which was not published, that dealt with the usage of the
virtues, practices, and defects of the Tagalogs.
Literary pieces pave the way as a reminder of the past and what we should do as a
nation that tries to do its best to be better people and citizens.
SELF-HELP
You can also refer to the sources below to help you further
understand the lessons:
Maghuyop, R. (2018). The Life and Works of Rizal. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing
House Inc.
CHAPTER 1 (Rizal Law, Literature, and Society)
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1956/06/12/republic-act-no-1425/ - RA 1425

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Let’s Check
Activity 1.1 Now that you know the essential terms and historical background on the course
on the life and works of Dr. Jose Rizal; Let us try to check your understanding by defining
the following terms.
a. Bill ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
b. Law ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
c. EO ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
d. RA 1425 ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
e. SB 438 ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
f. HB 5561 ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
g. Claro M. Recto ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
h. EO 75 ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
i. National Hero ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
j. Makamisa ________________________________________________
________________________________________________

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Let’s Analyze
Let’s Analyze 1.1 In a historical approach, such as what we use in the course, knowing
relevant facts simply is not enough. A deeper analysis is also necessary to have a clearer
grasp of the stories (kwento). Likewise, generating meaning (kwenta) from the stories
(kwento) is essential in making the study more personal. I now require you to answer the
following items thoroughly.
1. Between the arguments from those who are in favor and those who are against the
passage of the Rizal Bill into Law, which makes sense to you more? And what is your
counter argument to the one that makes sense to you less?
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2. Given that the expressed purpose of the Rizal Law is to inspire nationalism and patriotism
to the young Filipinos, do you agree with the opposition’s proposal to have as material
for study the more nationalistic works of Rizal rather than the Noli and the Fili? If so,
which work/s of Rizal or of any other great Filipinos would you have had as study
material/s?
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3. Heroes are created either by acclamation (before 1993’s EO 75) or proclamation

(after EO 75). Which between the two do you prefer?
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4. Cite a specific person who lived (and died) in the past decade that you consider hero.
Using as reference the criteria given by the National Heroes Committee, explain why you
consider him/her as such.
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In a Nutshell
The importance of the spirit of nationalism and patriotism in nation-building that the Rizal
Law advocated, the national heroes exemplified, and the national literature inspired cannot
possibly be overemphasized.
Based on the knowledge that you have acquired, including the controversies, and the
learning exercises that you have done, please feel free to write your arguments or lessons
learned below. I have indicated my arguments or lessons learned.
1 Nationalists and patriots, with the terms herein loosely used, are found on both sides
of the debate for or against the passage of the Rizal Bill into Law. The beef is not so much
about the purpose as it was about the content of the Law.
2 Both the somewhat informal “acclamation” and the more or less formal
“proclamation” approach in recognizing national heroes can fall prey to the mechanisms of
politics. Hence, whoever is “acclaimed” or “proclaimed” must be evaluated and reevaluated if
he or she is to function as model for the youth. More importantly, the evaluation and
reevaluation is primarily the students’ responsibility and only secondarily the teacher’s.
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DO YOU HAVE SOME QUESTIONS FEEL FREE TO

Q & A LIST WRITE IT HERE!
DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS / ANSWERS

ISSUES
1.
2.
3.
KEYWORDS INDEX
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425 Law
Executive Order no. 75 House Bill
Nationalism Nationalism
Senate Bill Noli Me Tangere
El Filibusterismo Makamisa

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B. Examine the condition of life in the 19th Century Philippines.
METALANGUAGE
1. Nationalism
2. Industrialization
 The establishments and development of mechanized manufacturing
that begins the industrial and technological revolution.
3. Monarchy
 A government system where a family or a king or a queen governs
everything and where all power is concentrated to a single person that
everyone is his/her subject and proclaimed rules and appointments
must be followed. The succession will be the son or daughter or the
closes next of kin.
4. Anticlericalism
5. Mestizos
 A hybrid notion of a person whose blood is coming from two different
origins, like Chinese Mestizo, Spanish Mestizo (Half-Chinese, half-
Filipino or Half-Spaniards).
6. Indios
 Referred name of the Spaniards to Filipino Natives that has a negative
meaning and perception.

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Essential Knowledge
To perform the aforesaid big picture (Unit Learning Outcomes 1) for the second
(2nd) week of this course, you need to fully understand the following essential
knowledge that will be presented in the next pages of this module. Please note that
you are not limited with the module given or the textbook, you are expected to utilize
other books, research articles, online sources and other resources available in the
university’s library e.g., elibrary, search.proquest.com and etc.
Socio Political and Economic Condition in the Spanish Era
During the Spanish Era, the political, economic, and sociological condition far
differed on what is present. During those times the prominent political figures who
held important offices of the state were the Spaniards. The one who holds the
economic growth and prosperity of a society or person was in the hands of the few. It
is important to understand the difference and use it as a lens to closely comprehend
the situation of our ancestors during the Spanish regime of which we are enslaved
for more than 300 years.
2.1 SOCIO POLITICAL SYSTEM
One of the biggest questions asked is “what was the political system that is followed
during the Spanish Era?” it is a curious question that entails scrutiny in the matter of
comprehending the possible abuses and challenges of our beloved country during
those times.
It is not new to us that most of the Filipinos (Indios) at that time was known to be at
the lowest level of the hierarchy. Considered as “Nothing on his/her own country.”
Spain reigned over the Philippines for 330 years from 1565 to 1898. Since Spain
was a far country, the King of Spain sent representatives to govern.
Before the existence of Governador Henerals, the Philippines was under the Viceroy
of Mexico who reported directly to the King of Spain, but after the liberation of
Mexico around 1821, the Governador General reported directly to the King of Spain.
Hence, Spain established a centralized colonial government of which was divided
into the National and Local Governments led by the Governador General.
The National Government maintained the peace and order of the colony, collect
taxes and do developmental projects for the colony like building schools and other
public works; on the other hand, the Local Government Unit of Spain was divided
into 2 the Alcadia (Alcalde Mayor) and Corrigimento (Corregidor) the one that
governed a province that was not fully been controlled by Spain.

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2.1 The Political System
POSITION/ FUNCTION LEVEL

OFFICES
-Highest Rank
-King’s Representative
-Implements Royal Decrees
-Had the power to dismiss -and appoint public

Gobernador officials
National
General -collect taxes
-exercise legislative power
-requirement must be a peninsulares (a person

should be born in Spain).
-It is a judicial court that investigates and check

Residencia National
the performance of the Governador General
-A visitor coming from Spain and report its

Vista National
findings to the king of Spain.
- serve as an advisor to the Governador General
-had the power to check and report abuses
Royal Audiencia -audit the expenditures of the colony National
-sent annual report to Spain.
-highest court of the colony
-Alcalde Mayor, govern the provinces that was

fully been subjugated.
Local:
Alcadia -managed the day to day operations of the
Provincial
province
-implemented laws from the National and

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supervise collection of taxes.
-enjoyed the privilege of Galleon Trade
- Corrigidor, governs the province that was not

Local:
Corregimiento fully been subjugated
Provincial
-enjoyed the privillage of Galleon Trade
-little governors, they are the one who governed

the towns in the provinces. Of which is aided by
lieutenants (chief lieutenant, police lieutenant,
Field lieutenant and Livestock lieutenant Local:
Gobernadorcillo
-exempted from taxes Provincial
- a native or mestizo at least 25 years old and

literate
-Barangay Captain, responsible for peace and Local:

Cabeza de order of the barrio and recruit men for public
works. Provincial
Barangay
- should be literate in Spanish City
- large towns who became cities.
-had a city council called CABILDO.

Local:
Ayuntamiento Alcalde (mayor), Regidores( councilors)
City
Alguacil Mayor (Police Chief)
Escribado (Scribe)
2.2 ABUSES AND CHALLENGES
The 19th century was an era of growth and innovation; the idea of industrialization
became most popular during this period. The essence of democracy and nationalism
inspired numerous revolutionaries to promote changes in the fields of science,
technology, economics, and politics. The Philippines in the 19th century remained
primitive despite the emerging marks of growth. The government, occupied by self-
indulgent people, remained deaf and blind to the people’s cry of injustice and
suffering.
The social & economic systems of the country remained reliant on the feudalistic
patterns, which fuelled racial discrimination and division based on the status quo.

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They imported to the Philippines the idea of liberalism from the West and promoted
innovation in how the Filipino viewed the country as a whole.
The product of Spanish colonization which upheld the landholding system brought by
the arrival of the conquistador made the Philippines feudalistic in setup. Dominion
toward the land owned was practiced wherein the authority and power resided in the
hands of the wealthy few. Hence, there was a huge gap between the landlords and
their tenants.
Spanish occupation shaped the social structure of the Philippines. It made the
Philippines embraced the master-slave relationship allowing the elites to hold the
Indios captive.
People who ran the country lacked qualifications, skills, and leadership traits. The
government at the administrative level was occupied by appointed people who held
office following their selfish motives. The results of such actions were injustice, lack
of coordination among officials, and increased financial abuses.
After spending much time and money to obtain their royal appointment, many
officials exploited their office and its wide powers to recover their expenses and
enrich themselves. Officials who sought to advance their interest did so by collecting
higher taxes than the usual. High price (indulto para comerciar)
The alcalde who was also the provincial judge controlled a court loaded with biases
in favor of the mischievous deeds of the Spaniards. This led to the closure of
numerous businesses owned by some natives, increasing the number of the poor in
the country.
Natives were limited in their participation in the government. Their responsibilities
were not compensated adequately, and this often led to the poor performance of
their jobs. Collected money from the other natives was not used to improve a certain
province they ran, but it was gained for the self- betterment of the officials. The
existence of dishonest gobernadorcillo made the position attractive to some men.
Injustices prevailed as homes of the natives were searched without warrants; people
were convicted and exiled for being filibusters; books, magazines, and any other
written materials could not be published and introduced into the country without the
prior approval of the Board of Censors. Organized assemblies and any other political
meetings initiated by Indios are prohibited. The poor were often declared guilty
without the due process of law. Merits of cases were simply based on money, race,
and links with influential people. An example is Dona Teodora’s life in prison.
Churches could interact and take part in the proceedings of the state. They were
influential, manipulating the Indios to abide by the state’s laws as it pleased God.
Christianity was a tool of colonizing countries.
2.3 EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
The Philippines' educational system during those times was pitiable and limited to
the wealthy few. Intellectual growth can be seen in the middle class and was always

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censored by the friars for fear that the knowledge would expose the injustices that
had been going on in the country.
Government intervention in school is nonexistent; hence, schools could freely add or

omit topics in their curricula. Knowledge was measured in terms of the ability of the
students to memorize, largely hampering intellectual progress.
Keeping the Filipinos under the Spanish control demanded intellectual isolation and
extreme dogmatic manipulation by the friars. Hence, selected parts of the Philippines
had the required schools for education like Manila, Cebu, Jaru, Nueva Caceres, and
Nueva Segovia. Also, Censorship of books and teaching materials that might defy
the church and the Spanish government.
2.4 19TH CENTURY CHALLENGES
The spread of industrialization marked the fame of democracy, liberalism, and

nationalism. These ideologies were promoted as the industries in the world in the
19th-century developed.
Mankind’s advancement in the field of science, technology, physics, and chemistry
resulted in the creation of a community embracing a life of ease caused by
technology. The massive usage of new types of machinery was the trademark of
industrialization. It is the beginning of a new era that evolves in the revolution of
technology and science.
Pope Leo XIII opposed the unification of liberals in Italy. Meanwhile, in Spain, the
liberals considered the Church an enemy of the reforms. Anticlericalism became a
hot topic in the 19th century because if the increase in people’s materialistic views
brought about by economic prosperity and the desire for freedom. Rerum Novarum
called for just treatment within the labor sector but condemned Marxism and
promoted social justice, which was in line with the church’s doctrines.
III
Displacement of Cultural Roots and Dr. Rizal’s Nationalism
Cultural displacement is one of the consequences if a nation was conquered. The

displacements of our ancestry beget one thing, a gradual loss of our authentic
identity. This effect caused us to be influenced of the conqueror’s ideology, practices
and traditions consequently mixing up or forgetting our own identity. This colonial
effect was known to be “cultural hybridity.” Hence it is important to study our
nationalistic heart.

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3.1 NATIONALISM
Nationalism is defined as the loyalty and devotion towards its own nation;
furthermore, it was defined as a sense of national consciousness putting the nation
as the priority than other things, emphasizing on promoting the nation’s culture and
influence.
Jose Rizal promoted nationalism in his existence in the world. He believed that the
lack of national sentiments brings forth the destruction of the nation. It was the evil
that gradually destroys one’s identity and freedom. As he said that “A man in the
Philippines is only an individual, he was not a member of a nation. He was forbidden
and denied of the right of association and is therefore weak, Indolence of the
Filipino.”
Jose Rizal was viewed as a gallant example of a person who loves his country. He is
studied and followed as a reflection on how to be nationalistic. He was perceived to
have these factors as a nationalistic person. First, he gave emphasis on the
importance of Tagalog Language. He preserved some of our cultural traits and
practices. He was open to criticize the Friars. He defended Filipino Rights and used
his pen to convey the love for his country.
3.2 INDIGENOUS DISPLACEMENTS
In showing one’s nationality, respect with our ancestral tribe is necessary. Our
ancestry and Tribes held our cultural traits and practices that identify us a unique
with the other nations. With this, it is important to note an alarming situation that is
happening until the present that began rampantly during the Spanish Period and that
is Indigenous Displacement. It is where our ancestors are displaced with their own
land in the mountains and disrupted their simple and peaceful way of living.
An alarming situation that needs attention, this displacement of cultural roots is in

many forms, but the consequence is always the same. The result will always be the
gradual loss of our cultural roots and hopefully not destruction of our authentic
Filipino identity.

Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118
SELF-HELP
Maghuyop, R. (2018). The Life and Works of Rizal. Malabon City: Mutya Publishing House
Inc.
CHAPTER 2 (Socio-Political and Economic Conditions of the Philippines)
Camagay, M.L. (2018). Unraveling the past: reading in Philippine history. Quezon City: Vibal
Group.
De Viana, A., et. al. (2018). Jose Rizal: social reformer and patriot. A study of his life and
times. Manila: Rex Bookstore.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MAkPBPpzuF8 – Philippines in the 19th Century

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Let’s Check
Activity 1.2 Knowing the specific details gives a more precise grasp of the bigger picture.
Now let us check how well you remember data presented in the discussion above. Underline
the letter of your chosen answer in the following multiple-choice questions.
1. The feudal system brought by the Spaniards to the Philippines was an

epitome of equality and justice.
a. Yes, because everyone – the encomendero, the designated officials
and the workers – received benefits commensurate to their capital or
labor.
b. Yes, because although only the encomendero and the designated
officials enjoyed economic benefits, the workers still received the
protection of the former two.
c. No, because only the encomendero and the designated official enjoyed
benefits commensurate to their capital or work.
d. No, because what actually happened was that the encomendero
preyed on the designated officials while the designated officials preyed
on the workers.
2. Which is the correct hierarchy during the 19th century Philippine society?
a. Insulares – Peninsulares – Mestizo – Ilustrado - Indio
b. Peninsulares – Insulares – Mestizo – Indio - Muslim
c. Peninsulares – Insulares – Mestizo – Principalia - Indio
d. Peninsulares – Insulares – Mestizo – Muslim - Indio
3. The political system during the Spanish colonial period was a centralized
machinery.
a. False. There were robust and functioning local governments that
enjoyed semi-autonomy from the Captain General.
b. False. The head of each Captaincy General operated independent
of other Captaincies.
c. True. All local governments answered to their respective Captain
General who, in turn, ultimately reported to their respective
Viceroy.
d. True. Everything was directed from the monarchy in Spain. All
Viceroys answer to the sitting monarch.
4. In which capacity did the Captain General exercise executive authority?

a. As President of the Real Audiencia
b. As the Governor of the Islands
c. As the Vice Patron of the Islands
d. As General of the armed forces

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5. Who served as the Military Vice General of the Islands the Spanish-era
Philippines?
a. Cabo Segundo
b. Visitador General
c. Intendant General
d. Bishop of Manila
6. For which reason was the Cabo Segundo office created?

a. To assist the Captain General in his office.
b. To enforce the Captain General’s orders to the alcaldia.
c. The school should educate the child to attain the basic
knowledge necessary to understand the real world outside.
d. The school should provide the student with assistance in his
journey toward self-realization.
7. Which task was not exercised of the Real Audiencia?

a. Functioned as the Supreme Court of the Islands
b. Appointed the next Captain General
c. Advised the Captain General on legal matters
d. Took charge of the government upon the death of the Captain
General up until the successor arrived
8. Who was appointed the highest judge of the Real Audiencia?

a. Oidores
b. Attorney-General
c. Constable
d. Captain General
9. Which depicts the correct hierarchy of local government officials during the
Spanish-era Philippines?
a. Gobernadorcillo - Alcalde Mayor - Capitan-Municipal - Cabeza de Barangay
b. Alcalde Mayor – Gobernadorcillo – Corregidor – Cabeza de Barangay
c. Alcalde Mayor – Corregidor – Gobernadorcillo – Capitan Municipal.
d. Alcalde Mayor – Corregidor – Capitan Municipal – Cabeza de Barangay
10. The following were main causes of the problems in the 19th century Philippine
political system, except:
a. the appointed nature of officials
b. the fact that high ranking officials were members of Spanish nobility
c. the hierarchy was not strictly followed
d. the fact that ecclesiastics proved to be more powerful than the
government officials

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11. Which role of the political setup contributed more to the encomienda system
being abusive?
a. the institution of the tribute system and forced labor
b. the duty of the alcalde mayor to collect taxes
c. the privilege given to the alcalde mayor to engage in trade
d. the fact that the alcalde mayor served both as the administrator
and judge
12. The following are true about the 19th century Philippine educational
system, except:
a. Initially, formal education was only about Roman Catholicism, the
purpose was to convert the natives to the faith, and the first
teachers were friars.
b. Later on, secular subjects were offered specifically in the
secondary and tertiary levels.
c. The system discriminated against the natives.
d. Men were prioritized for higher education compared to women.
13. Upon whose order the 1863 reform in education proceeded?

a. Isabella II
b. Minister Segismundo Moret
c. Governor General Carlos Maria de la Torre
d. Fray Francisco Rivas
14. Considered to be an engineering feat, what transpired in 1869 that

made trading even faster and more widespread?
a. Building of the largest factory complex that utilized steam
b. Invention of telegraph
c. Improvement of the sanitation system
d. opening of the Suez Canal
15. Which is considered the catalyst for the downfall of many kingdoms and
empires and even of the temporal powers of the Church?
a. The defeat of Napoleon in Waterloo
b. The French Revolution
c. Marx and Engel’s Manifesto
d. The abolition of slavery

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Let’s Analyze
Let’s Analyze 1.2 Getting acquainted with the terms and concept used in the Rizal
Law and its background is not enough. One must deepen its understanding, hence I
will require you to explain thoroughly your answers on the following questions.
1. During the time of Rizal there were a lot of abuses in the Administrative System.
Please cite 2 government or societal abuses/corrupt practices which exist today
and your recommendations to eradicate these practices.
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2. How did the challenges of the 19th century contribute to the building of nationalism
in the country?
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3. Comparing the socio-political and economic conditions between the 19th century
and the contemporary Philippine society, how much have changed really?
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4. Create a Political Diagram during the Spanish Era. The arrangement will be in a
triangle ( ) form, the peak will be the Spanish Official. Secondly, create your ideal
Political Diagram in this present time.
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Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118
In a Nutshell
1 Nationalists and patriots, with the terms herein loosely used, are found on both sides
of the debate for or against the passage of the Rizal Bill into Law. The beef is not so
much about the purpose as it was about the content of the Law.
2 Both the somewhat informal “acclamation” and the more or less formal “proclamation”
approach in recognizing national heroes can fall prey to the mechanisms of politics.
Hence, whoever is “acclaimed” or “proclaimed” must be evaluated and reevaluated if
he or she is to function as model for the youth. More importantly, the evaluation and
reevaluation is primarily the students’ responsibility and only secondarily the
teacher’s.
3.__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4.__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118

Q & A LIST WRITE IT HERE!

ISSUES
1.
2.
3.
KEYWORDS INDEX
Industrialization Idealism
Anticlericalism Cavite Mutiny
Nationalism Reform
Governor-General Indio
Spanish Friars Mestizos

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c. Analyze the foundations of Filipino national identity.
METALANGUAGE
1. Nationalism
2. Industrialization
 The establishments and development of mechanized manufacturing
that begins the industrial and technological revolution.
3. Anticlericalism
4. Cultural Hybridity
 conqueror’s ideology, practices and traditions consequently mixed up with
our own identity.
5. Cultural Displacement
 A Phenomenon where a conqueror nation set aside its own cultural
and embracing the conqueror’s traditions and customs that resulted to
a lost cultural identify.

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III
Displacement of Cultural Roots and Dr. Rizal’s Nationalism
Cultural displacement is one of the consequences if a nation was conquered. The

displacements of our ancestry beget one thing, a gradual loss of our authentic
identity. This effect caused us to be influenced of the conqueror’s ideology, practices
and traditions consequently mixing up or forgetting our own identity. This colonial
effect was known to be “cultural hybridity.” Hence it is important to study our
nationalistic heart.
3.1 NATIONALISM
Nationalism is defined as the loyalty and devotion towards its own nation;
furthermore, it was defined as a sense of national consciousness putting the nation
as the priority than other things, emphasizing on promoting the nation’s culture and
influence.
Jose Rizal promoted nationalism in his existence in the world. He believed that the
lack of national sentiments brings forth the destruction of the nation. It was the evil
that gradually destroys one’s identity and freedom. As he said that “A man in the
Philippines is only an individual, he was not a member of a nation. He was forbidden
and denied of the right of association and is therefore weak, Indolence of the
Filipino.”
Jose Rizal was viewed as a gallant example of a person who loves his country. He is
studied and followed as a reflection on how to be nationalistic. He was perceived to
have these factors as a nationalistic person. First, he gave emphasis on the
importance of Tagalog Language. He preserved some of our cultural traits and
practices. He was open to criticize the Friars. He defended Filipino Rights and used
his pen to convey the love for his country.
3.3 INDIGENOUS DISPLACEMENTS
In showing one’s nationality, respect with our ancestral tribe is necessary. Our
ancestry and Tribes held our cultural traits and practices that identify us a unique
with the other nations. With this, it is important to note an alarming situation that is
happening until the present that began rampantly during the Spanish Period and that
is Indigenous Displacement. It is where our ancestors are displaced with their own
land in the mountains and disrupted their simple and peaceful way of living.

Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118
An alarming situation that needs attention, this displacement of cultural roots is in

many forms, but the consequence is always the same. The result will always be the
gradual loss of our cultural roots and hopefully not destruction of our authentic
Filipino identity.
SELF-HELP
House Inc.
CHAPTER 3 (Rizal and the Theory of Nationalism)
CHAPTER 4 (Rizal’s Social Origin and Historical Context)
Camagay, M.L. (2018). Unraveling the past: reading in Philippine history. Quezon
City: Vibal Group.

Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118
Let’s Check
Let’s Check 1.3 True or False: Write True is the statement is correct and False is
the statement is wrong. Read carefully the following statements.
1. One of the reasons why Philippines is easily been conquered is the tribal
conflicts before the Spanish came
2. According to the Post-colonial theory, one of the consequences of being
colonize is modernization and adaptation of the new set of rules.
3. Jose Rizal is known to be the influencer of Bonifacio in terms of Nationalism.
4. Nationalism is the concept or a virtue of loving your own country.
5. One of the major concerns of tribes in the Philippines is the ancestral
displacement. Good thing the Philippine government declared their land to be
a business domain for development and preservation.
6. One of the effect of colonial hybridity is being conquered.
7. One of the aim of cultural displacement is to locate and preserve the ancertral
history of the Philippines as advocated by Dr. Jose Rizal.
8. It is believed that tagalog would be the best suited language to be learned by
the natives.
9. The issue in displaced ancestry and culture is resolved after the spanish era.
10. Cultural displacement is an issue exclusive in the Philippine history and
society.

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Let’s Check 1.4 Matching Type: match the best suited answer for the column A and
from the choices in the Column B.
Column A Column B
1. we define patriotism as “love for or devotion to

one’s country” and is focused on bravery and duty. a. Political Nationalism
For example,
2. For Jose Rizal the lack of nationalism was the evil b. Example: Filipino soldiers defended
that gradually destroyed one’s identity and freedom. their country by fighting the Maute
Thus, he said guerillas in Marawi City
3. Preferring to buy Filipino products and preferring to

c. he preferred the PEN and people's
work in the Philippines rather than abroad is what
organizations to fight for freedom
type of nationalism?
4. Fighting for the protection of the rights of our

countrymen (workers, farmers, women, children, d. Economic Nationalism
PWDs, senior citizens) is an example of
5. nationalism is “loyalty and devotion to a nation. also

includes “exalting one nation above all others and
placing primary emphasis on promotion of its e. Negritos and Malays
culture and interests as opposed to those of other
nations or supranational groups. For example?
6. f. Example: The President protected

local (Filipino) products by imposing
Jose Rizal did not prefer the sword as the tool to
taxes on imported foreign products to
achieve independence but
ensure the growth of Filipino companies
and workers.
7. Nationalism as a word is preferably applied in g. he preferred the PEN and people's

political movements/organizations. For example? organizations to fight for freedom
8. h. Example: The natives fought for

independence from Spain; This
They are the earliest settlers in the Philippines. organization is fighting against the
corruption of Government officials who
stole money from the people
9. i. Hospitality, Close family ties, Respect

What is Jose Rizal's belief with regard to the lack of
for elders, Pakikisama, Hardwork,
nationalism and its effect to the country.
Education, Bayanihan
10. j. A man in the Philippines is only an

individual, he is not a member of a
Some common Filipino traits are: nation.” He is forbidden and denied of
the right of association and is therefore
weak.

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Let’s Analyze
Getting acquainted with the terms and concept used in the Rizal Law and its
background is not enough. One must deepen its understanding; hence I will require
you to explain thoroughly your answers on the following questions.
1. What steps do the government did to protect our ancestors and cultural ancestry?
In your own opinion is it enough and if you will be implementing it what would be
your steps and program?
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___________________________________________________________________

Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118
2. What is Nationalism and differentiate the nationalism of Rizal and Bonifacio.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118
3. The ICCs/Ips must not to be removed from their homes. No ICCs/IPs will be
relocated without their free and prior informed consent, nor through any means
other than eminent domain. What can you say about it? Please cite some
evidence or proof of your stand.
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____________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118
In a Nutshell
1. Nationalists and patriots, with the terms herein loosely used, are found on both sides
of the debate for or against the passage of the Rizal Bill into Law. The beef is not so
much about the purpose as it was about the content of the Law.
2. Both the somewhat informal “acclamation” and the more or less formal
“proclamation” approach in recognizing national heroes can fall prey to the
mechanisms of politics. Hence, whoever is “acclaimed” or “proclaimed” must be
evaluated and reevaluated if he or she is to function as model for the youth. More
importantly, the evaluation and reevaluation are primarily the students’ responsibility
and only secondarily the teacher’s.
3.__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4.__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5.__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118

Q & A LIST WRITE IT HERE

ISSUES
1.
2.
3.
KEYWORDS INDEX
Nationalism Noli Me Tangere
Makamisa El Filibusterismo
Industrialization Negritos and Malays
Culture Hybridity
Ancestry Colonialism

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BIG PICTURE-B
Week 4-6: Unit Learning Outcome (ULO 2): At the end of the unit, you are
expected to
a. Assess the social origin and be enabled to understand the social

origins of Jose Rizal and its historical context.
b. Discuss the mode of education during the 19th Century and be able
to understand the importance of education.
c. Rationalize the connection on the historical and cultural context in
Dr. Jose Rizal’s mission on freedom through education and travels
around the world.

a. Assess the social origin and be enabled to understand the social
origins of Jose Rizal and its historical context.
b.
METALANGUAGE
1. Genealogy
 technically referring to the tracing of the line of descent, in the text the
concept is basically referring to the ancestry of Dr. Rizal
2. polyglot
 someone who knows how to speak many languages
3. mercado
 a term that, back then, strictly refers to “trader” as opposed to the
prejudicial “sangley” that means “travelling trader”
4. ricial
 the term from which “Rizal” was taken. It literally means “leaves
sprouting again when wheat is cut while still green”
5. Bachelor of Arts
 equivalent to today’s high school diploma

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Essential Knowledge
To perform the aforesaid big picture (Unit Learning Outcomes - 2) for the fourth week
of this course, you need to fully understand the following essential knowledge that
will be presented in the next pages of this module. Please note that you are not
limited with the module given or the textbook, you are expected to utilize other
books, research articles, online sources and other resources available in the
I
Dr. Jose Rizal’s Ancestry and Origin
To appreciate the life and work of Dr. Jose Rizal it is necessary to know his
genealogical background to understand his stand and point of view in his era that
many things have happened. He is known to be brilliant in mind and in action; hence,
it is necessary to go over his ancestry for reference.
1.1 Dr. Jose “Pepe” Rizal

Dr. Jose Rizal is an example of a genius. He is known to be a polyglot, writer, poet,
doctor, scientist, painter, ethnologist, engineer, educator, and more to his resume,
but above all, he is well known for his Political Martyrdom in a fight for freedom and
nationalism.
June 19, 1861, at moonlit of a Wednesday, Jose was born at Calamba, Laguna
Province, Philippines. It was accounted that because of his big head her mother was
in a near-death situation in the delivery. After a few days, he was baptized, on the
21st of that month. At least 3 days after the birth.
Fr. Rufino Collantes the parish priest of Calamba baptized him with the given name
of “Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonso Realonda.” His godfather was Fr. Pedro
Casanas.
It should be noted that the Governador General of the Philippines during this time
was Lieutenant- General Jose Lemery (February 2, 1861 – July 7, 1862). He was a
member of the Spanish Cortes and was a Senator of Spain.

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1.2 Pepe’s Paternal Ancestry
Lamco, a Chinese immigrant was the great-great-grandfather on his father's side. He

came from Fukien City, China arrived at Manila around 1690. He became a Christian
and married a lady named Ines de la Rosa and assumed a surname of Mercado in
1731. It was said he was honored with this surname due to its diligence and honesty
as a merchant in manila.
Francisco was born, who resided at Binan, Laguna who later on became
a Gobernadorcillo and married to a Chinese mestiza namely Cirila Bernacha, and
was blessed with three children. Juan (Pepe’s Grandfather) married Cirila Alejandro
who also became a gobernadorcillo of Binan. Juan and Cirila were also blessed of
13 sons and a daughter of which Francisco Mercado (Pepe’s Father) was the
youngest.
At the age of 8 Francisco Mercado lost his father. He studied Latin and Philosophy in
the College of San Jose in Manila. While studying he met Teodora Alonso Realonda
and fell in love with her, who studied at College of Sta. Rosa. They decided to get
married on June 28, 1848 and settled at Calamba engaging in farming and business
as their family is growing.
1.3 Pepe’s Maternal Ancestry
Bravery is one of the traits that Pepe and his brother Paciano were known. It was
said that Dona Teodora was a descendant of Lakandula, the last native King of
Tondo; thus, providing a Filipino ancestry to the family of Rizal.
Her great-grandfather was Eugenio Ursua a Japanese who married a Filipina

Benigna who gave birth to Regina. Regina was married to Manuel de Quintos, a
lawyer from Pangasinan later had a daughter namely Brigida who married Lorenzo
Alberto Alonso, a Spanish-Filipino mestizo, whose children were Narcisa, Teodora
(Pepe’s Mother), Gregorio, Manuel, and Jose. In the later part, Dona Teodora
Morales Alonso Realonda Mercado Rizal Y Quintos married Don Francisco Engracio
Alejandro, Rizal Mercado.
The real surname of the Rizal is Mercado, which was adopted by Domingo Lamco in
1731. It was known to be their second surname, which was given by a Spanish
alcalde mayor who was a family friend in Laguna.

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II
Dr. Jose Rizal’s Education in the Philippines
Even in the present situation, education is highly considered as one of the key
factors for success. Education is deemed to be necessary to gain experience and
knowledge in this world. That is why Filipinos education is an important investment to
be given to their children. Like the other family, the Rizal regarded education
important as viewed that all of them went and graduated their chosen paths of the
educational field.
In his education as a member of the Illustrados, it is tedious. Teaching with a whip is

a well-known method during those times. Knowledge is forces in the minds of the
students of course with the use of whips. Of which is found to be effective during
those times.
2.1 THE FIRST TEACHERS

Teodora was considered as Pepe’s first teacher. He taught the basics to him.
Teaching the basic means of learning the 4Rs (Reading, wRiting, aRithmetic, and
Religion). But Dona Teodora according to Pepe’s memoirs, focus on teaching him
how to read and pray humbly to God.
She was viewed as a patient and understanding. In the process, Dona Teodora
discovered the talent of Pepe on poetry. According to her, she encourages Pepe on
making poems to break the monotonous process of memorization and to develop his
creativity and imagination. As Pepe grew older Dona Teodora reaches its limit of
teaching his son and find the need to hire a tutor to give him lessons at home.
Pepe’s parents employed private tutor, first is Maestro Celestino, second is Maestro
Lucas Padua and the latter is the classmate of his father Maestro Leon Monroy.
Maestro Monroy is old and stayed with them in the duration, but unfortunately, he did
not live long and died after five months.
It was the death of Maestro Monroy, Don Francisco, and Dona Teodora decided to
send Pepe to a private school in Binan, Laguna of which he will be living in the
house of his aunt. He was accompanied by Paciano going to Binan using a
carromata, this is the first time that Pepe left his home. It was a Sunday afternoon of
June 1869, after saying his farewell to his parents and sisters they left.

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2.2 FORMAL EDUCATION
SCHOOL AT BINAN
In his first day at Binan, Pepe was accompanied by his brother going to Maestro
Justiniano Aquino Cruz, of which is only 30 meters away to the house of his aunt and
cousin Leandro. On his first day, he brawls with the son of the maestro, Pedro.
Though he is not in to fight he never backs off in any fight. Jose has learned the art
of wrestling with his uncle Manuel the brother of Dona Teodora.
He also learned to paint with his classmate Jose Guevarra. They were taught by
Juancho the father-in-law of the schoolteacher. The good thing about it is it has
freely been given to them.
In his academic studies in Binan, he gradually and steadily became the best student.
He surpasses them all and finished his schooling after 1 and ½ years. He returned to
Calamba after his graduation boarding the steamer “TALIM” of which he knew by a
letter coming from his sister Saturnina. Onboard was his father’s friend “Arturo
Camps” who took care of him.
The 11 years old Pepe studied higher education at the Ateneo de Municipal, under to
supervision of the Jesuits, Society of Jesus. On June 10, 1872, Pepe accompanied
again by Paciano to take entrance exams in the College of San Juan de Letran, but
unfortunately, he was not admitted.
Returning to Calamba for the fiesta celebration, Pepe again went to Manila to take
the exam in Ateneo. At first Fr. Magin Fernando, the college registrar refused the
admittance. Based on 2 reasons; 1. Late for registration, 2. He is sickly and
underaged. But thankfully with the intercession of Manuel Burgos the nephew of Fr.
Burgos of GOMBURZA, he was accepted.
It was located in Intramuros. He first boarded outside Ateneo. The Jesuit educational
system of education was more advanced than that of other students. Two groups of
students who are studying in Ateneo. The Roman Empire is considered the internos
or the students that were boarding inside. The Carthaginian Empire are the students
who are staying outside the Ateneo (externos).
After 4 years Jose graduated with the highest honors at the head of his class. He
stayed at Ateneo from 1872 to 1877. On his commemoration on March 23, 1877, he
received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy and Letters. At the age of 16,
he graduated with his first degree.

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2.3 MEDICAL STUDIES

In his study in Ateneo, Jose Rizal transferred to the University of Sto. Tomas, but
continued his vocational course at Ateneo in surveying. He took a medical course,
which is run by the Dominican Friars.
In 1877, He began his medical journey. In which he sees the different ways on the
means of the Jesuit and Dominican. He perceived the Dominican to be biased, the
Filipino students were discriminated against the Spaniards and lastly, the method of
teaching is “obsolete and repressive.”
After four (4) years he finished his medical course. From 1879 to 1892, He studied
and finished his course, though failed to get the highest honors. Yet dedicated to
pursuing further studies in other countries.
SELF-HELP
House Inc.

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Let’s Check
Let’s Check 2.1 Now that we have finished this unit of the module, I’m going to
test your knowledge and understanding with the following activities and
exercises to know how deep your comprehension and knowledge in this Unit
ULO-2. Is Recreate the Family Tree of Dr. Jose Rizal.

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Let’s Check 2.2 Fill in the Blanks Write the answer on the space provided
___________1 . The only brother of Dr. Jose Rizal

___________2 Jose is the ___ child of Don Francisco.
___________3 She is the youngest sister of Paciano and Jose.
___________4 The Maestro of Jose in Binan, Laguna
___________5 Jose is only ___ years old, when he first wrote his first poem.
___________6 The birthplace of Jose Rizal.
___________7 Domingo Lamco was married to a lady who lives in Manila.
___________8 She is considered as the first teacher of our national hero.
___________9 The classmate of Don Francisco who taught Jose Spanish & Latin.
___________10 The brother of Dona Teodora.
Let’s Check 2.3 Matching Type: Match column A to column B. Write the Letter in the
space provided.
Column A Column B
1. Calamba, Laguna A The maestro of Pepe who died
2. Biñan, Laguna B School governed by the Jesuit
3. Ateneo de Municipal C The professor of Pepe during his senior year
4. Santa Isabel College D The winning poem of Jose Rizal
5. Carthagian Empire E The lover of Jose in Paris
6. Fr. Francisco Sanchez F The ancestry line of Doña Teodora
7.La Juventud Filipina G Friend of Segunda Katigbak
8. University of Santo Tomas H The poem written by Jose when he is 8.
9. Saturnina I The first Formal schooling of Jose occurred
10.Rajha Lakandula J Externos
11.Nelly Busted K Internos
12. Leonor Rivera L Where Jose took private lesson in Spanish
13. Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo M Known as Taimas
14. Roman Empire N Oldest sister of Paciano
15.Leon Munroy O School governed by Dominicans
P Mercado’s residence

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Let’s Analyze
grasps of the stories (kwento). Likewise, generating meaning (kwenta) from the stories
1. The colorful ancestry of Rizal did not just contain names of long-dead people; it also tells
of the influences that our hero inherited from his forebears. What, in your understanding,
was the biggest influence of his paternal ancestry to the Rizal that we know?
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2. The colorful ancestry of Rizal did not just contain names of long-dead people; it also tells
of the influences that our hero inherited from his forebears. What, in your understanding,
was the biggest influence of his maternal ancestry to the Rizal that we know?
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3. Rizal, based on his ancestry, was from a powerful and influential family. Had Rizal been
born poor and without socio-political influence, would he still be able to accomplish what
he had accomplished in relation to the fight for the Philippines?
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4. What traits that Rizal showed during his scholastic journey in Manila that today’s students
can make much good use of?
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5. One source of debate, even today, was the disparity between the performance of Rizal
while he was in the Ateneo and his performance at the UST. Of the reasons cited for his
relatively average performance at the UST, which do you think had factored in the most?
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In a Nutshell
Based on the knowledge that you have acquired and the learning exercises that you have
done, please feel free to write your arguments or lessons learned below. I have indicated my
arguments or lessons learned.
1. Like with Rizal’s case, the influences that we inherited from our ancestors play a
great role in forming us to be the persons we are today.
2. Rizal made the discrimination that “brown” students like him suffered from the hands
of the Spanish students as motivation to excel. In this, Rizal showed that one’s
unfavorable circumstances must not be used as an excuse for performing sub-par.
Your Turn
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ISSUES
1.
2.
3.
KEYWORDS INDEX
Tyranny Philosophy and Letters
Guardia Sibil Steamer technology
Mercado Rayadillo

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b. Discuss the mode of education during the 19th Century and be able to
understand the importance of education.
METALANGUAGE
1. Propaganda
 technically referring to an information of bias or misleading nature, in
the text the concept is basically a “counter-propaganda” or information
that corrects whatever misleading information that the Spanish
authorities in the colonial government reported back to Spain
2. friars
 members of any of the mendicant orders in the Roman Catholic
Church; to be distinguished from the monastics and the seculars
3. conquista espiritual
 literally “spiritual conquest”, in the text the concept refers to the primary
means of colonization. Historians argued that it was the friar who was
more successful in the colonization effort as opposed to the
conquistador since the friar conquered first the mind and the beliefs of
the natives.
4. Cultural entrapment
 in the text, the concept refers to the way some of our ancestors
adapted to the new culture brought by the Spaniards
5. Ideology of submission
 in the text, the concept refers to the general idea that the Spaniards,
mainly the friars, wanted the natives to believe: the new faith and
culture are better than the native’s and that for the natives to be better
off, they have to submit to these new faith and culture.

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Essential Knowledge
To perform the aforesaid big picture (Unit Learning Outcomes - 2) for the fifth week
III
Jose in Europe
History wise, many new that during the time of Jose Rizal’s journey going to Europe
is a new strategy given by Spain to quench some heat with the revolting heart of the
Filipinos; it is an act of calming a heated heart of the colonized nation. After finished
his studies in UST Jose decided to go to Europe to study and at the same time learn
and promote his ideology of freedom, nationalism and independence of Filipinos and
equality with the Spaniards.
3.1 JOSE IN EUROPE

Jose Rizal has a secret mission in going to Europe. Paciano knew about it. The
mission is to observe the life and culture, languages and customs, its economy,
government, and laws to prepare in the task ahead. What is that task ahead? It is the
attempt of liberating our nation from the oppression of the Tyrant.
He secretly departure for Spain is made for Pepe not to be detected by the Spanish
authorities. Only Paciano, Antonio Rivera, his sisters (Neneng and Lucia), and some
comrade who supported him.
On May 3, 1882, Rizal departed on board of a Spanish Ship “SALVADORA” going to

Singapore. During his voyage to Singapore, he was the only Filipino boarded under
the command of Capt. Donato Lecha. It was May 8, 1882, that the Salvadora
approached Singapore and May 9 docked at the port.
At Singapore Rizal transferred to another ship named Djemnah. A French steamer

that left Singapore on May 11 bound to Europe. By May 17, the ship arrived at Point
Galle, the seacoast of Ceylon (Sri Lanka). After a day May 18, they continued their
voyage to its capital COLOMBO.
Colombo, they continued their journey passing the Indian Ocean to Cape of
Guardafui latter arrived at Aden and they proceeded to the City of Suez, the red sea
terminal of the Suez Canal, of which it took 5 days to travel the Suez Canal and

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arrived at Port Said, the Mediterranean terminal of the canal, where he is fascinated
of the multi-racial inhabitants of speaking other languages.
Port Said, they proceeded to Europe. On June 11, 1882, Rizal reached Naples. The
night of June 12, they arrived at Marseilles of which he visited the infamous Chateau
d’If where the main character of the Count of Monte Cristo Edmund was imprisoned
in the novel. And by June 15, He left Marseilles to Barcelona via train, where he
stopped at the Pyrenees in front of Port Bou where his passport was inspected.
Finally, arrived in Barcelona dated June 16, 1882. He was welcomed by his friends
from Ateneo and after a few months, he went to Madrid to study medicine.
November 3, 1882, Jose Rizal enrolled in two courses at the Universidad Central de
Madrid. Philosophy and Letters and Medicine are the courses that Rizal took at
Madrid. in his stay he also met new friends in the names of the Lunas, Paternos, and
other Filipinos.
3.2 JUAN LUNA AND FELIX HIDALGO
1882, Jose join a Spanish-Filipino Circle where he was requested to write a poem of
which he delivered during the New Year’s celebration of the society. The poem
entitled “Me Piden Versos” They Asked Me For Verses.
The years progress, there is an international competition that had happened in

Madrid. A painting competition. It was June 24, 1884, when it was announced that
Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo won the prestigious competition. By June 25, 1885,
Rizal saluted the achievements in the National Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid.
Luna’s Spolarium as the first place and Hidalgo’s Christian Virgins Exposed to the
Populace as the second prize, in his speech it was quoted that he said that “Genius
knows no country, genius sprouts everywhere…”
3.3 PROPAGANDA AND ITS FAILURES
To help the propaganda and achieve the goal of expressing the reality of what really
is happening in the Philippines, on how does the representative of the king manages,
La Solidaridad was created by a group of Filipinos in Spain.
Many members are known to be friends of Dr. Jose Rizal in Europe. Of course, Jose
is also one of the members of the said organization. Graciano Lopez Jaena was the
first editor of the Propaganda Newspaper together with Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Jose
Rizal, Antonio Luna, Felix Hidalgo and many more.
Marcelo H. Del Pilar took over its management around October of 1889, and sadly
until its closure to its lack of funding and some disputes. Truly, the propaganda
created some results and efforts but it failed. It did not succeed in pursuing reforms
for the Philippines.

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Many oppositions showed specially the colonial government of the Philippines did
not agree with its objectives. Secondly Spain was in big troubles due to the colonies
that were revolting against them. The Friars are in control and in power displaying
their influence to threaten anyone who expressed their support, and Lastly The time
is their enemy.
3.4 WRITING OF NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO
It was said that the greatest gift of Dr. Jose Rizal to the Filipinos were his twin books
the Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not) and El Filibusterismo (The Subversion).
3.4.1Noli Me Tangere is the story of the protagonist “Crisostomo Ibarra” upon his
return to his motherland after studying in Europe. Where he was met with struggles
and antagonist that wants him to be miserable in the face of the priest of the Roman
Catholic Church; at the end, he was found running and returned a different person in
the sequel living his love and dream with his beloved “Maria Clara.”
It is taken from the Gospel of Luke 20:13-17 of which tells the words of Christ after
his resurrection “touch me not.” It was inspired with two novels namely, Uncle Tom’s
Cabin of H. Stowe. It was January 2, 1884 that it was approved with the support of
his friends, the Paternos, Viola and other Filipinos and European friends in Europe.
In 1884 he finished about a half of it in Madrid. and on 1885, at Paris the second half
after completing his studies at the Central University of Madrid. in the later months
around April - June 1886 writing the final parts of it. Finally, February of 1887, at
Berlin, Jose made the final revisions and before Christmas of 1887 aided by Maximo
Viola had the fund for printing. At last it was printed on February 21, 1887.
March 21, 1887, the book came with a total cost of P300.00 for 2oo copies. Dr. Jose
Rizal sent copies to Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Mariano
Ponce, Felix Hidalgo and Maximo Viola on the 29th of March. It was printed on a
shop namely Berliner Buchdruckrei Action- Gesselschaft.
3.4.2 El Filibusterismo is the sequel of Noli Me Tangere. It has an English translation

of the Subversion or the Reign of Greed. But according to some historians.
Filibusterismo comes from the world Filibuster which means “bastos or
walanggalang” in our dialect. It is commonly became an alias to the people during
the Spanish time who does not respect the Friar or even go to Church.
The story revolves around the return of Ibarra as Simoun. The merchant to want to
destroy the government at create anarchy by waging war and feeding with the angry
heart of the Filipinos to revolt againts Spain. Signifying violence as the only resort for
freedom.

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October 1887, Dr. Jose Rizal began writing the novel, and have some plot changes
in Berlin around 1888. And finished its manuscript in Biarritz on March 29, 1891,
hence he took at least 3 years to create his novel.
Around July 1890, he went to Ghent from Brussels for he finds in favorable for his. It
is due to the expenses in Ghent is cheaper than Brussels and to go away with
Suzanne Jacoby. In Ghent he lived with Jose Alejandro.
March 29, 1891, The book was printed in F. Meyer Van Loo Press. Originally it was
composed of 44 chapters but because of cost cutting it was shorten to 38 chapters.
But the printing was halted due to the lack of fund, he taught of burning the
manuscript due to its scarcity, but someone helped him in the name of Valentin
Ventura on August 6, 1891. Luckily the printing was finished on the 18th of
September. And was dedicated to the GOMBURZA.
IV
On Anchoring our Filipino Origin
As what is discussed in the previous discussion, Dr. Jose Rizal had to fulfill its
missions in Europe and one of it is to “restore” or excavate some of our historical
origins. Hence it is important for us to understand our historical background.
4.1 PACTO SANGRE

Rizal searched for the origin of his motherland. A unique historical fact that can be
seen and owned as a Filipino act or culture; it is a challenging yet worth it journey in
one’s life. A journey that will fulfill the missing link of one’s full yet hollow presence in
this world.
Pacto Sangre or known as the Blood Compact was one of the known facts of a treaty
in our ancient history. According to Zaide “it was in Limasawa Legaspi was well
received by Bankaw, the king of the island as a guest and as a friend.
Blood compact is said to be the “beginning of the Spanish’s conquest and

colonialization of the Philippines. It began with a sign of friendship and goodwill but
in the end, Filipinos are gradually losing their ancestral and cultural identity, for more
than 300 years entrap and became “Indio” in the eyes of the conquerors.
It was changed during the time of Bonifacio when he changes the ideology and
meaning of this sacred act of blood compact. He presented a new meaning as it
became a symbol of brotherhood and nationalism to fight for our beloved country
against the oppressive tyrants living in our lands.

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4.2 ENGKANTOS AND SPANISH ADAPTATION

Friars' mission in the Philippines is to bring Christ to all. A Nobel yet deceiving tactic
of Spain to conquer other countries; not just Spain but most of the powerful countries
of Europe during that time.
Conquistae spiritual is an imperial conquest to invade the belief and to let Christ be
known. As it was said to choose between the Cross or the Sword, that brings to the
massive Hispanic Spirit beings’ intrusion.
word Engkanto, Engkantu, etc refers to a generic meaning of Spirit Being. The
Engkanto are the beliefs of our ancestors of the spiritual being that they prayed and
offers, that was used by the friars as the entry point to let Christ be known and
gradually making the Holy water as a water of healing and power for it can “cure and
cast away sickness coming from these Engkantos.”
Time passed by Filipinos are converted and influence with Christianity and
perceiving Sto. Nino as the Diwata of the Spaniards; the friars' power makes the
Indios submit to the new religion. They projected the image of the shaman whose
magical resemblance included in the Sacrament; Hence making the Holy Water a
medicine or an elixir of life.
4.3 CULTURAL ENTRAPMENT AND THE COLONIAL COCKPIT

The Spaniards settled and created a modern city in the land. The natives were
attracted to their way of life and became curious about their living. As a
consequence, many of the natives or Indios leave their lands and stayed in the cities
or kabisera.
Natives resisted the new religions but many also moved right into the kabisera or
town. With this, they are influenced by the new practices of the westerners and
gradually lose their own rich practices.
One of the practices was the cockpit fighting. Until the present time, it is known as
SABONG, BULANG, or COCKFIGHT(Juego de Gallo). It is where two cocks (male
chicken) will fight until the other die. The people will be betting for a cock and the
winner will get the reward depending on the deal made prior to or during the fight.
4.4 IDEOLOGY AND SUBMISSION

True enough many natives resisted the new religion, but a trend was seen. The trend
tackles about the near-death experience and some religious practices that were
done in a Christian manner.

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Death is an expected yet fearful event in one’s life. It is part of a human being’s cycle
of life as a mortal being. But the faith of the Christian faith also teaches that there is
a second life and a better life after someone’s death if one will believe the word and
teachings of Christ.
This teaching consoles many souls until the present time, that is why many of the
natives resisted converted during their near-death experiences and or nearing the
end of their journey in their lives. Because of this many near-death conversion
happened in the early time of Spanish colonialization, and some known norms are
followed during those times like the prohibition of cremation; of which at the present
moment is acceptable to the Catholic faith.
SELF-HELP
House Inc.
Camagay, M.L. (2018). Unraveling the past: reading in Philippine history. Quezon
City: Vibal Group.
De Viana, A., et. al. (2018). Jose Rizal: social reformer and patriot. A study of his life
and times. Manila: Rex Bookstore.

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Let’s Check
Let’s Check 2.4 Now that we have finished this unit of the module, I’m going to test
your knowledge and understanding with the following activities and exercises to
know how deep your comprehension and knowledge in this week is.
Multiple Choice: Choose the correct answer from the given options in each number.
Write the letter of your choice on the space provided.
____1. Noli Me Tangere is the First Novel of Dr. Jose Rizal that means
A. Back off B. Touch me not C. Stay away D. Do not Enter
____2. Dr. Jose Rizal joined the Mason Group in Paris namely
A. Acacia B. Yakal C. Narra D. Apitong
____3. Jose study ophthalmology with the purpose
A. To help the blind Filipinos C. To attend to the eyes condition of his mother
B. To maintain the eyesight of his father D. To add his Educational Degrees
____4. The El Filibusterismo is published with the Help of Viola at
A. Spain B. Portugal C. Germany D. Geneva
____5. Returning to the Philippines Dr. Jose Rizal is accused and rumored by his
enemies as
A. A thief and murdered in Spain C. A French Spy
B. A mason and a protestant D. All of the Above
____6. In his defense to Dr. Jose Rizal’s novel Reverend Vicente Garcia said that
A. Jose Rizal cannot be an ignorant man because he was a graduate of Spanish University
B. He does not attack the Church and Spain but the bad Spanish officials that are abusive.
C. That he also committed a mortal sin because he read the novel
D. All of the Above
____7. When in Spain Jose received news about the situation in the Philippines
through his friend Chengoy telling that
A. There was a cholera outbreak and Leonor Rivera was sick
B. There was a dengue outbreak and Leonor Rivera was sick
C. There was a revolution and Leonor Rivera was sick
D. None of the Above
____8. Jose Rizal celebrated his 26th birthday at
A. San Francisco B. Calamba C. Geneva D. Spain
____9. Won the 2nd prize in the painting completion in Spain
A. Felix Hidalgo B. Antonio Morga C. Juan Luna D. Miguel Morayta
____10. A distinguishing German Ophthalmologist and owner of a clinic where Rizal
worked as an assistant.
A. Dr. Feodor Jagor B. Dr. Otto Becker C. Dr. Adolf Meyer D Dr. Maximo Viola

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Let’s Check 2.5 Modified True or False: Write C if the statement is correct and W if
the statement is wrong, write the correct words/phrase to make the statement correct
and underline the words/phrase that makes the statement wrong. (2pts. each)
Example: DR. JOSE RIZAL W. Andres Bonifacio was the author of El Filibusterismo.
________________1. At first, Rizal didn’t find Barcelona a great city with

atmosphere of freedom and liberalism.
________________2. Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt was Rizal’s good friend.
________________3. Jose joined the Masonry for him to be protected from the
Friars of Spain.
________________4. The Spolarium was painted by Felix Hidalgo.
________________5. Jose Rizal was detained by the police authorities in Spain

upon joining a demonstration to support their professor Dr. M
Morayta.
________________6. El Filibusterismo means “touch me not.”
________________7. Jose told his parents before going to Spain to study.
________________8. In his speech in honor of Luna and Hidalgo, he mentioned that

they were not only the pride of the Philippines but also Spain.
_______________ 9. El Filibusterismo was published in Ghent on September 18, 1891.
_______________ 10. GalicanoApaciable was the Honorary President of Asociacion

La Solidaridad.
_______________ 11. Jose Rizal was invited by the Spanish Authorities to stay with
them in Hong Kong.
_______________ 12. One of the reason why Dr. Jose Rizal went to London was to
search for the book of Dr. Morgan.
_______________ 13. In Dr. Jose Rizal’s second travel abroad his first destination
was United States.
_______________ 14. Dr. Rizal noticed the prevalent inequality between the White
and Asians in theUS.
_______________ 15. Felix Hidalgo, brother in law of Jose, was deported because
allegedly, he was a filibuster and a representative of Jose
Rizal in the propaganda against the Friars.

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Let’s Analyze
grasps of the stories (kwento). Likewise, generating meaning (kwenta) from the stories
1. While in Europe, Rizal experienced a number of things that contributed more to his desire
for a better Philippines. In a way, Padre Burgos’ instruction for young people to seek
education outside the country was proven good. What does this entail to you as students?
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2. Rizal and Marcelo del Pilar had had a number of differences specifically in terms of the
direction for the La Solidaridad. Yet, they remained friends and continued to hold each other
in high regard. What beneficial thing can the people in politics now get from such
relationship?
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3. In the “Brindis”, Rizal said “Genius knows no country”. What does the statement mean to
a 21st century student like you?
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4. More than a century after Spain finally relinquished her hold of the country, and yet
colonial entrapment is still very much alive today. Cite some forms of colonial entrapment
today, explain whether it is beneficial or harmful to let yourself be entrapped, and state how
to avoid such entrapment?
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5. The conquista espiritual, as noted by leading historians like Austin Craig and Leon Maria
Guerrero, was by far more successful than the military conquest of the conquistadors. As
students of history, what lesson/s have you learned from this?
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In a Nutshell
1 Winning the battle of ideas is more effective than winning the physical battle.
2 Although new ideas, culture and beliefs are not essentially bad, accepting them must
be accompanied with a great deal of caution. Likewise, deciding to remain in the old beliefs
and practices must also be done with a great deal of assessment and evaluation.
Your Turn
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ISSUES
1.
2.
3.
KEYWORDS INDEX
Sabong Subversion
Cremation La Solidaridad
blood compact La Liga Filipina

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c. Rationalize the connection on the historical and cultural context in Dr.
Jose Rizal’s mission on freedom through education and travels around the
world.
METALANGUAGE
Jose Rizal and to the ULO-2 Week 6 will be defined to establish a ground on how to
1. Annotation
 It is the explanation or a further commentary of a certain writings might be a
book, articles or other published and unpublished works. Where
commentaries are added by the other authors who annotated a certain work.
2. Anthropology
 It is a branch of science that deals with the study of human society and
cultures of which their development and evolution as a person, society and
physiological characteristics are observed in order to find the patterns of their
cultural and behavioral development.
3. Blood compact
 Blood compact in English Translation. A ceremony of brotherhood and bond
upon drinking wine with the other person’s bloodlike the one where Datu
Sikatuna and Governor Miguel Lopez de Legazpi did and with the
katipunero’s Blood Compact.
4. Indolence
 Inclination of a person towards laziness. It implies the habit of a person
becoming lazy of which it includes avoidance of work.
5. Succesos de las Islas Filipinas

 A book by Antonio Morga talks about events in the Philippines from 1493-
1603. First published book about the Philippines showing the political, social,
& economic systems even before the Spaniards came.

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Essential Knowledge
To perform the aforesaid big picture (Unit Learning Outcomes 2) for the sixth week of
this course, you need to fully understand the following essential knowledge that will
be presented in the next pages of this module. Please note that you are not limited
with the module given or the textbook, you are expected to utilize other books,
research articles, online sources and other resources available in the university’s
library e.g. elibrary, search.proquest.com and etc.
MORGA’S BOOK AND RIZAL’S ANNOTATION
De Las Islas Filipinas was the title of the book written by Antonio Morga. He was a
Spaniard who was a high-ranking official in the army, a lawyer, Anthropologist and
Historian. Jose Rizal was fond of his writing due to its unique exposition of what did
occur and happened in the Philippines prior and during the management of some of
the Governador Generals.
The book “Succesos de las Islas Filipinas”: It talks about events from 1493-1603.
First published book about the Philippines showing the political, social, & economic
systems. It Showed the country under the Spaniards, Spanish trade policies,
communication with Japan, China, & missionary movements, the envious motives of
the Portuguese, & the dangers of sea-sailing.
Rizal annotated Morga’s book and printed new editions whose foreword or
introduction was written by Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt. He purposely wrote the book
to record the Spaniard's discovery until its conquest and conversion of the
Philippines. But what was interesting was the later chapter of its book that tackles
the Philippines as an island inhabited by natives with its own antiquity, costume, and
government. With this in the book, Dr. Jose Rizal got interested and wants to
annotate the book, to show another side of the coin that leads to the Filipinos’
authenticity of culture, customs and government before the arrival of the Spaniards.
What were the reasons why Rizal chose to reprint Morga’s book rather than some
other contemporary historical accounts of the Philippines? It was a rare original
book; Morga was a layman; the writing was non-religious; Morga was sympathetic to
the indios; He was both an eyewitness and major actor of the historical events.
Antonio de Morga’s book was rare for 2 reasons: It was non-spiritual & chronicles of
Spanish colonial officials that time were rare. Secondly, Dr. Jose Rizal annotated
the book of Dr. Morga that expressed the loss of an important historical treasure due
to the dream and ambitious expedition of Spain for richness, fame, and conquest.

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Why was Rizal’s annotation significant? It created a sense of national consciousness

or identity among Filipinos. Dr. Jose Rizal inflicted an Indio’s viewpoint of the history
of the Philippines to counter the writings of Spanish historians who often thought of
the Filipinos as “uncivilized”. Rizal’s annotation awakened the passive natives about
their rights and real setup in their homeland.
CHAPTERS OF THE BOOK SUCESOS DE LAS CONTENT

ISLAS FILIPINAS
1. OF THE FIRST DISCOVERIES OF THE

EASTERN ISLANDS
2. GOVT OF DR. DE SANDE
3. GOVT OF DON DE PENALOSA Political measures done by

the first 11 Gobernador
4. GOVT OF DR. DE VERA General, beginning with
Miguel Lopez de Legaspi in
1565 to Acuna in June 1606
5. GOVT OF GOMEZ PEREZ DASMARINAS
6. GOVT OF DON TELLO
7. GOVT OF DON ACUNA

Description of the Pre-
8. AN ACCOUNT OF THE PHILIPPINE Hispanic Indios which was
ISLANDS beneficial to Rizal

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II.
Jose Rizal’s Changing Views and the Spanish Rule
Little love for work and lack of energy is the common definition of Indolence. This is
an act of which a person may be near or beyond procrastination. The word indolence
is used casually consequently being misused.
INDOLENCE
In the Spanish time, it was stated that Filipinos are indolent. It means that Filipinos
do little work and always lack the energy to do the necessary things to have a better
life. It was the context of the Spanish Authorities' perception of the Filipinos as they
perceived Filipinos as indolent.
Dr. Sancianco nevertheless believed that it was false. The report was inconsistent,
and indolence did not exist in the Filipinos. In further discussions, it was stated that
Filipinos prior to the arrival of the Spaniards are diligent and trade with other
neighboring countries and took some time in learning their language to communicate
better and developed themselves. It was stated in the Chinese manuscript of the
13th century that was translated by Dr. Hirth (Zaide&Zaide, 338).
The discussion progressed Dr. Sanciano prompted the idea of perceiving the devil to
be blamed for indolence. Why? It was because it was the strategy used by the
conquerors just as in the Middle Ages rather than facing the real problem. It stated
that it was the government officials, the friars, and the conquerors who were indolent
and not the Filipinos.
One of the examples are the life of these people. Spaniards tend to live a luxurious
life to the extent of been attended to the very least and easiest things to do. Friars
were doing nothing but collecting tithes and government official who did not do what
they're expected to do.
Well, Filipinos were one of the most active people in the world. Even though there
were challenges, sufferings against nature, and against men, Filipinos strived to go
on with life hoping for the better. They struggled silently and prayed for a brighter
future as they make every effort for their family and country.
THE HOT CLIMATE
The hot climate was believed to be “one of the predispositions that exist in the
Philippines. It was said that it is one of the main reasons why many of the Filipinos
were indolent for they tend to rest and stop at their works if the sun was high and
hot.
Farmers are the ones that were perceived in this matter. The one who viewed the
farmers as indolent s wrong; “it was a mistake!” It was a fact that we inhabitants of

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hot countries live well in the north of Europe where the climate was quite opposite
provided that we take precautions from the people there and know what to do.
True enough a climate might change the pace of one’s progress, but it is a matter of
choice. It was wrong to blame the weather or other external variables in defense of
indolence. It was wrong to generalize certain people and perceived them to be
indolent. What is right is to check oneself and understand the trend and honestly
tries to develop your own self and overcome leniency to the evil that struck many
“indolence.”
SELF-HELP
House Inc.
CHAPTER 7 (The Annotation of Morga’s Book)
CHAPTER 8 (Rizal’s Changing View and Spanish Rule)
https://kahimyang.com/kauswagan/articles/966/dr-jose-rizals-annotations-to-morgas-1609-
philippine-history- Rizal's Life and Minor Writtings, pp 310-331, Austin Craig, 1929,
Translations were made by Mr. Chas. E. Derbyshire for the author.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhpWC5l43GM - Annotation Colonial Histories:

SOAS University of London.
https://www.soas.ac.uk/philippine-studies/events/24may2019-annotating-colonial-
histories-jos-rizal-and-the-rethinking-of-filipino-identity-in-19th-ce.html

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Let’s Check
Let’s Check 2.6 Now that you know why Dr. Jose Rizal annotated the Book of
Antonio De Morga’s book. This is the moment for us to check our understanding and
knowledge of the topic. Write at least 3 points where Rizal agreed and disagreed
with Morga’s point of view.
AGREE DISAGREE
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.

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Let’s Check 2.7 Now that you know why Dr. Jose Rizal annotated the Book of
Antonio De Morga’s book. This is the moment for us to check our understanding and
knowledge of the topic. Write C if the Statement is correct, and X is wrong.
1. Dr. Jose Rizal agreed with all the writing of Governor Antonio de Morga about the
Philippines; that is why he annotated the book.
2. Morga remarked that the Filipinos like to eat foul fish of which is what he said
Spaniards are not accustomed in doing.
3. The Tagalogs are wearing tattoos in their bodies of which he called Pintados.
4. The native women before the Spanish Conquered the Archipelago, who believe
in an afterlife journey namely Kaluwalhatian.
5. The ancient Filipinos had minstrels who had memorized songs telling their
genealogies and of the deeds ascribed to their deities.
6. Filipinos are uncivilized and do not its own practices, culture and traditions,
according to Morga.
7. Before the Spaniards discovered the Philippine Archipelago, the slavery system
is already present.
8. The arrival of the foreigners on the island is a rare occasion in the Pre-Spanish
Era.
9. Governador Antonio de Morga disagreed to the annotation of Dr. Jose Rizal.
10. Filipino natives chanted on voyages in cadence with the rowing, or at festivals,
or funerals, or wherever there happened to have considerable gatherings.

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Let’s Analyze
Let’s Analyze 2.3 In the writings of Dr. Antonio de Morga that was annotated by Dr. Jose
Rizal relevant facts and ideas where known from the perspective of the Filipinos. Such as
what we learned in the course, knowing relevant facts is not enough. A more in-depth
analysis is also necessary to have a clearer grasp of the stories (kwento). Likewise,
generating meaning (kwenta) from the stories (kwento) is essential in making the study more
personal. I now require you to answer the following items thoroughly.
1. What are the essential points of the book of Gov. Morga where Dr. Jose Rizal
used to present the voice of the Filipino Natives?
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2. In our learnings, we discovered that there are many other writers who put into
writing the fascinating history of the Pre-Spanish Era of the Philippines.
Hence, what made Dr. Jose Rizal choose to annotate the book, and is he
credible in doing such as a doctor in profession?
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3. In our discussions, we heard the point of view of the Illustrados in the defense
on the “Filipinos are indolent in nature.” In the other hand, there is some truth
about Filipinos’ laziness. In comparison with the story of Juan Tamad one of
our stories, how can we relate it to Filipinos’ indolence.
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In a Nutshell
1. Winning the battle of ideas is more effective than winning the physical battle.
2. Education through proper teaching of facts is important in order to attain a truthful

ideology and image of one self.
Your Turn
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ISSUES
1.
2.
3.
KEYWORDS INDEX
Indolence Laziness
Annotate Leniency
Predisposition Procrastination

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BIG PICTURE-C
Week: 7-9 Unit Learning Outcome (ULO- 3): At the end of the unit, you are
expected to:
a. Analyze the various works of Dr. Jose Rizal, in particular, his two books.
b. Discuss the life of Dr. Jose Rizal, from his birth to execution; consequently,
analyze the various works of Dr. Jose Rizal in his essays and expositions.
c. Assess the historical and cultural context in Dr. Jose Rizal’s mission and
travels around the world and analyze the women who became part of his life.
a. Analyze the various works of Dr. Jose Rizal in particular his

two novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
METALANGUAGE
Jose Rizal and to the ULO-3 Week 7 will be defined to establish a ground on how to
of the life and works of Dr. Jose Rizal, please be guided by the following terms and
1. Reform
 The removal of wrongdoings (ex. Abuses) by enforcing or introducing a
better method or course of action. Rizal was a reformist, not a
revolutionary.
2. Revolution
 Fundamental challenge in a government of which a group or
organization wishes to overthrow the present government and
renounce ones government and substituted by another government.
3. Propaganda Movement
 The organized activities led by the Filipino nationalist, most of them
were illustrados based in Europe like Rizal, who used the movement to
expose abuses and achieve reforms and freedom for the Philippines.

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4. Noli Me Tangere (“Touch me not”)

 From the words of Jesus addressing Mary Magdalene in John
20:17 King James Version (KJV) “Touch me not for I haven’t return yet
to my Father.”
5. Filibuster
 A person who preferred not to follow the desires of Spanish authorities
completely. (non-conformist or rebelling behavior)
6. rebellion, sedition, and Illegal association

 The charges filed against Dr. Jose P. Rizal in a very unfair trial leading
to his execution.
7. GOMBURZA
 The Abbreviation for the martyr priests of the Cavite Mutiny Namely
Padre Mariano Gomez, Padre Jose Burgos and Padre Jacinto Zamora
Essential Knowledge
To perform the aforesaid big picture (Unit Learning Outcomes 3) for the seventh
week of this course, you need to fully understand the following essential knowledge
that will be presented in the next pages of this module. Please note that you are not
limited to the module given or the textbook. You are expected to utilize other books,
research articles, online sources, and other resources available in the university’s
library e.g. elibrary, search.proquest.com, etc.
I
The Twin Books
El Filibusterismo and Noli Me Tangere were the famous books that carved the name
of Dr. Jose Rizal in our history. These books became his lifetime achievement and
his non-violent revolution for the freedom of his beloved country. The country that he
offered his life for his belief that liberty will be achieved with the use of pen, for the
pen is “mightier than a double edge sword.”
1.1 NOLI ME TANGERE

Noli Me Tangere was the first book of Dr. Jose Rizal that was published, as we had
discussed in our last module. Furthermore, the main character, Crisostomo Ibarra
was believed to be an alter-ego of Jose Rizal given its family background. Both of
them studied abroad and longs for the love of their life.

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Plot
The novel revolved around the protagonist Crisostomo Ibarra. An Illustrados whose
bloodline was a mixture of Spanish, Mestizo, and Filipino that came from a wealthy
family in the Philippines in Calamba. He went to Europe to study. Upon returning
home, he dreamed of lifting the life of his brethren but confronted by the Spanish
hierarchy, including the Spanish civil administration and the Ecclesiastical Hierarchy
of his town.
The father of Crisostomo, Don Rafael, died before his homecoming. The events
were tragic when his father died and was refused to be buried in a Catholic
Cemetery by the parish priest Padre Damaso. Crisostomo was provoked in some
time. He almost killed the priest that caused his excommunication and the annulment
of his weeding with Maria Clara.
Maria Clara was the sweetheart of Crisostomo. She was known to be the daughter of
Kapitan Tiago, but in reality, she was the daughter of Padre Damaso. Kapitan Tiago
was the one who adopted her and kept the secret of Padre Damaso.
The marriage of Crisostomo and Maria Clara was cancelled due to Ibarra’s attack on
the priest, because of that, Maria Clara was bestowed to another man, but she
insisted on becoming a nun rather than marrying another man. With the help of
Padre Damaso, Maria Clara became a nun, but it just ruined her, for she became a
carnal slave of Padre Salve who sought sexual relations with her.
The philosopher in the story emphasizes the weary of the conquerors of the
enlightenment of the Filipinos. It would be the beginning of the nightmare of the
Spaniards and the rise of the Filipinos. That is why Spaniards will subjugate the
Filipinos at all costs.
As the story goes, Ibarra met Elias, who is convincing him to revolt and fight against
the tyrants. Elias believed that the sufferings of the Filipinos were too much and that
revolt and violent was the only way for freedom. As the enemies of Ibarra planned to
create a fake insurrection blaming him, Maria Clara helped them as she was used as
a trap on protecting the secret of betraying Ibarra. Ibarra had no choice but to
escape.
Helped by Elias, Ibarra escaped the Guardia Sibil, but they were chased going to the
lake. Elias needs to jump into the water, to pretend to be Ibarra and he was shot and
at the nearshore died and buried by Basilio beside his mother and Ibarra escaped.

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Attack and Defense
The banning of the books of Jose Rizal was the initial act of the Spanish Authorities
with the notion that it disgraced the Church and of Spain. Fr. Payo of UST examined
the book around August 18, 1887, and wrote a letter of recommendation to the
Archbishop of Manila to ban the book.
It was said the book was heretic, impious, abusive and, scandalous in its religious
aspects. The book is unpatriotic, subversive and, offensive to the government of
Spain. The book was attacked by many some were Senator Vida, Vincente
Barrantes. But the first attack was by an unknown friar who said that Jose Rizal was
labeled as an ungrateful man. For Fr. Rodriguez, it should not be read for it is
blasphemous and grossed errors… and for Fr. Font, who issued official censorship
to the book.
On the other hand, many have defended the novel life Fr. Francisco Sanchez.
Another is Fr. Vicente Garcia, who said that “if it is a mortal sin to read the novel,
then some priest has committed a mortal sin.” Also, Marcelo H. Del Pilar defended
the novel by answering the pamphlets of Fr. Rodriguez, telling that the book is not
being appropriately judged.
Important Characters
a. Crisostomo Ibarra
b. Maria Clara
c. Padre Damaso
d. Padre Salvi
e. Elias
f. Kapitan Tiago
g. Don. Francisco Ibarra
h. Sisa
i. Crispin
j. Basilio
k. Elias
l. Tasio

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1.2 EL FILIBUSTERISMO – Plot
Crisostomo Ibarra changed his name and status to Simoun, the Jeweler. In disguise,
he roamed around the world and traveled different parts of it and became a jeweler.
He returned to take revenge on all misfortunes he had encountered. He took
advantage of the corruption and abusive regime of the Spaniards in the Philippines
to topple its administrative and create havoc.
He wanted to rescue his beloved Maria Clara from the convent and avenged the
death of his father, but it was intervened by Basilio a medical student. In the forest of
the Christmas eve, Basilio recognized the true identity of Simoun when he searched
for the gems buried near the grave of her mother Sisa.
As the story progressed, Simoun had the opportunity to implement his revenge by a
bomb planted in a lampshade. But it was prevented by throwing it outside the
window before it exploded. Afterward, a priest threw all the jewelry of Simoun as a
symbol of eliminating greed, violence, and other evils that had been provoked.
Nationalist and Revolution
The 2nd novel of Rizal was different from the prequel, for it emphasized the ideology
and principles that a true Filipino should have. That is the intense love for the
country. Nationalism might be easily be perceived as an act of loving one's country
and nationality, an act of loving your own country and of its principles.
Jose Rizal was betting his hope for the new generation. He referred the youth in his
poem A la Juventud Filipina as the hope of the nation. He set an example on how to
love one's country and principle as he fought for his country until his last breath.
Dr. Jose Rizal did perceive to revolt and fight for the country, but in a manner that
was different from the other common perception of revolution and that was an act of
waging war for freedom or an act that will result in death and bloody fights. But for
Him, a peaceful revolution.
Some Important Characters
a. Padre Florentino
b. Simoun
c. Kapitan Tiago
d. Basilio

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e. Maria Clara
f. Dona Victorina
g. Kabesang Tales
h. Padre Salvi
i. Isagani
j. Macaraig
SELF-HELP
Maghuyop, R. (2018). The Life and Works of Rizal. Malabon City: Mutya
Publishing House Inc.
CHAPTER 9 (The Noli Me Tangere)
CHAPTER 10 (El Filibusterismo)
De Viana, A., et. al. (2018). Jose Rizal: social reformer and patriot. A study of his
life

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Let’s Check
Let’s Check 3.1 Now that we have finished this unit of the module, I’m going to test
your knowledge and understanding with the following activities and exercises to
know how deep your comprehension and knowledge in this ULO-3 Week 7 is
Write a short description of the important characters that can be found in the two
novels and spot their commonalities and differences between the two novels “Noli
Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.”
CHARACTER DESCRIPTION/ COMPARISON
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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Let’s Check 3.2 MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the best and nearest answer from the
given options in each number. Encircle the letter of the best
answer.
1. What were the reasons why the novels of Rizal were banned?
a. Anti-Catholic b. Anti- Friars c. All of the Above d. None of the Above
2. The book of Dr. Jose Rizal that was published in Ghent.
a. EL FIlibusterismo b. Noli me Tangere c. Mi Ultimo Adios d. Visitacion
3. Which of the following could be found in the novel “El Filibusterismo.
a. This is dedicated to the Martyr Priest GOMBURZA. b. Simeon
c. Crispin and Basilio d. dedication for the Motherland
4. . It was known as the favorite book of Jose Rizal.

a. The Count of Monte Cristo b. Tale of 2 Cities c. The Court d. The Trial
5. The meaning of Noli Me Tangere is ___
a. Touch Me Not b. No touch c. The Rebel d. Subversive
6. The meaning of El Filibusterismo is __.
a. Touch Me Not b. No touch c. The Rebel d. Subversive
7. The novel Noli Me Tangere is about
a. Revenge b. Love c. Dreams d. Society
8. Simoun is a wealthy jeweler who came back to the Philippines after how many
years?
a. 7 b. 10 c. 13 d. 20
9. Crisostomo Ibarra was a student abroad who had his homecoming after how
many years?
a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 7
10. Pilosopo Tasyo is a character in Noli Me Tangere personified by whom in reality?
a. Jose b. Paciano c. Chengoy d. Bonifacio

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Let’s Analyze
Let’s Analyze 3.1 In writings the novel, Dr. Jose Rizal put into writing the message that he
wants to convey to the Filipinos who are deprived from education and the right of
enlightenment and choice. In our present time, we are privileged enough to have better
access to education. Hence one should prove and use his analytical skills in providing sound
answers in the following questions below.
1. What are the distinguishing characteristics of the novels of Dr. Jose Rizal in
terms of its message and theme?
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2. What is the distinguishing characteristic of the main characters of the novels

of Dr. Jose Rizal? How do they differ, and what are some of its similar
features?
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3. The provocative act of dedicating a book to convicts is dangerous that

consequently became one of the grounds for Dr. Jose Rizal to be persecuted
by the Spaniards, thus causes his death. From your point of view, is it an
intelligent act to do? Why?
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In a Nutshell
1. The main character of the novels of Jose Rizal were reflections of his inner self
fighting and being torn between two choices between love and duty.
2. The Novels of Dr. Jose Rizal calls for liberty and freedom. But in the present situation
I do wish that we will be free from the slavery of ignorance and technological
enslavement.
Your Turn
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ISSUES
1.
2.
3.
KEYWORDS INDEX
Filibuster Piety
Novel Education
Treason Religiosity
Revolt Mediocrity
Agitation Taboo

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b. Discuss the life of Dr. Jose Rizal, from his birth to execution;
consequently, analyze the various works of Dr. Jose Rizal in his essays,
expositions, and novels.
METALANGUAGE
In this section, the essential terms and keywords relevant in studying the Life and
Work of Dr. Jose Rizal. ULO-3 will have these defined terms to establish as ground
on understanding the terms used on this course. As we go through the study of the
Life and Works of Dr. Jose Rizal, Pleas be guided of the following terms and
1. La Liga Filipina
 It was an organization created by Rizal in the Philippines that sought for
reform that involved directly the people. It was said the group was created
with the objective of mutual aid and helping each other in any means for the
improvement of one another.
2. Katipunan
 was founded by Andres Bonifacio. It was a revolting group that seeks freedom
of the nation through force.
3. Dapitan
 The place in Mindanao where Rizal was deported to for allegedly possessing
Pobres Frailes, a pamphlet that criticized the riches of the Dominicans despite
the vow of poverty.
4. Reform
 The removal of wrongdoings (ex. Abuses) by enforcing or introducing a better
method or course of action. Rizal was a reformist not a revolutionary.
5. Revolution
 Fundamental challenge in a government of which a group or organization
wishes to overthrow the present government and renounce ones government
and substituted by another government.

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6. Abandonment of Assimilation
 Initially, Rizal as a member of the Propaganda movement/La Solidaridad
wanted the Philippines to become a province of Spain (assimilation) but he
abandoned it as seen in his letter dated Feb 21, 1887 to Ferdinand
Blumentritt.
7. Propaganda Movement
 The organized activities led by the Filipino nationalist, most of them were
illustrados based in Europe like Rizal, who used the movement to expose
abuses and achieve reforms and freedom for the Philippines.
8. Noli Me Tangere (“Touch me not”)

 From the words of Jesus addressing Mary Magdalene in John 20:17 King
James Version (KJV) “Touch me not for I haven’t return yet to my Father.”
9. Filibuster
 A person who preferred not to follow the desires of Spanish authorities
completely. (non-conformist or rebelling behavior)
10. Uncle Tom’s Cabin

 An abolitionist (anti-slavery) book by Harriet Beecher Stowe which inspired
Rizal (among others), to write the Noli Me Tangere.
11. La Liga Filipina

 An organization created by Rizal in Tondo, Manila to help unite the people
and solve their agricultural, educational, and financial problems.
12. rebellion, sedition, and Illegal association

 The charges filed against Dr. Jose P. Rizal in a very unfair trial leading to
his execution.
13. Pobres Frailes

 It was written on leaflets by Fr. Jacinto which was a satire against the rich
Dominicans who amassed wealth contrary to their monastic vow of poverty.
14. Deportation
 An act of which a person is returned to its country of origin because of legal
basis or violation of any law or committing a crime that needs to be on trial
on a specific country, like of the deportation of Dr. Jose Rizal.
15. Exile
 A state of which a person is barred from its own country or put on a place
that will halt his or her connections; commonly for political or disciplinary
reasons.

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ESSENTIAL LANGUAGE
To perform the aforesaid big picture (Unit Learning Outcomes 3) for the eighth week
will be presented in the next pages of this module about the Biography of Jose Rizal.
Please note that you are not limited with the module given or the textbook, you are
expected to utilize other books, research articles, online sources and other resources
available in the university’s library e.g., elibrary, search.proquest.com and etc.
II.
Jose Rizal’s Biography
To know more about a person is to ask his or her biographical background. Most of
the famous and influential persons in the world have an account of their life and it is
published. The reason behind this is to understand them better on why do they did
some acts that can only be answered if one knows the background of the person.
Like Dr. Jose Rizal, He was an influential person, yet why did he decide to use a pen
rather than influencing others to follow him and revolt for our freedom, a rhetoric in
his life
2.1 BIRTH TO EARLY CHILDHOOD
Born on Wednesday, June 19, 1861, between 11 and 12 mn at the lakeshore town in
Calamba, Laguna, his full name is Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Alonso y Realonda.
He was the 7th child of Don Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado Y Alejandra II and
Dona Teodora Morales Alonzo Realonda Y Quintos. He has a nickname of Pepe.
The Family of Rizal lived harmoniously as an illustrado where he was shown care,
love, and comfort together with his siblings. Their family was religious and capable of
sending them to college. Jose Rizal’s family was a mixture of different races. Jose
Rizal’s parents were of different ancestral origins all over the globe.
In his early childhood, Jose was first taught by her mother on how to read and pray
of which she warned Pepe through a story of the moth the danger of playing with fire.
He has also been attended by a yaya named Aya for sure he was sickly. He was
used on molding clays and played in his nipa together with his dog Usman.
Furthermore, a sad event had happened in his life when his sister Concha died.

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At an early age, he experienced unprecedented experiences in life. Dona Teodora

was imprisoned. It began when she tried to help and persuaded his brother, Senor
Jose Alberto, to just forgive his wife who went along with another man and then after,
abandoning and leaving their children at home, to avoid scandal. However, the
woman connived with a Spanish authority and told that Dona Teodora and her
husband tried to poison her. Dona Teodora was arrested and forced to walk for
about 50 km from Calamba to Sta. Cruz. She was imprisoned for almost 2 years and
a half. The incident saddened the whole Mercado family, especially the 11-year-old
Pepe. It became worse, after hearing that his mother was treated unkindly, with no
proper medication and accommodation. The case reached the Manila Roya
Audiencia where she was acquitted.
Another was the death of the GOMBURZA. The revolt happened on the night of
January 20, 1872. Filipino soldiers revolted in Cavite because they were not given
proper privileges and not being exempted from tribute and polo. But the mutiny was
not successful and was suppressed after 2 days.
After these events, He went to Manila to study, first at the Ateneo de Municipal
taking Philosophy and Letter and surveying as an additional course. After graduating
he continued his studies at the University of Sto. Tomas taking medicine and
afterward went to Europe to study Philosophy and Medicine at the Central University
of Madrid.
2.2 LA LIGA FILIPINA (Unus Instar Omnium) – One Like All
In the residence of the Onjunco, Jose Rizal invited many to join his group namely the
La Liga Filipina. It was an organization that sought for reform that involved directly
the people. It was said the group was created with the objective of mutual aid and
helping each other in any means for the improvement of one another.
The constitution of the La Liga Filipina aimed was to unite the whole archipelago into
one compact and homogeneous body, Mutual protection for everyone and
necessities, scholarships, encouragement of education, agriculture and commerce,
and lastly, protection against all violence and injustice. All Filipinos were welcomed
and invited to join, with a membership fee of 2 pesos and a monthly due of 10
centavos.
Many historical figures in our country became a member of the movement. Andres
Bonifacio, who was an avid fan of Dr. Rizal was ones a member of the movement,
including Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Apolinario Mabini, Ambrosio

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Salvador, Doroteo Ongjunco and many more. They believed and hoped for a gradual
reform without any violence and revolution.
2.3 THE KATIPUNAN
The Katipunan was founded by Andres Bonifacio. It was a revolting group that seeks
freedom of the nation through force. As we all know, Andres Bonifacio was an avid
fan of Dr. Jose Rizal, Hence, he is following the ideology of Dr. Rizal and used his
ideology and fame as one of the symbols of the revolution.
It was an organization that allegedly used the name of Dr. Jose Rizal’s name and
ideology to promote freedom. It was known to be a secret organization and its
members were subjected to secrecy. It was said that an emissary was sent to
Dapitan to talk to Dr. Jose Rizal on planning to rescue him and the revolutionary
movement, but he refused. In addition, in his trial Jose Rizal wrote a manifesto
denying his connections with the Katipunan.
2.4 DAPITAN AND TRIAL
On July 6, 1892, Jose Rizal was arrested for allegedly carrying a pamphlet that
entitled Pobres Frailes that was known to be satiric. It has allegedly been found at
the pillowcase of Lucia, the sister of Rizal. He denied it but, it became the prime
mover of his new normal life until his execution.
Gobernador General Ramon Despujol ordered the arrest of Dr. Jose Rizal. Dr. Rizal
was escorted by the general’s nephew going to Fort Santiago. He was kept
incommunicado. After a day on July 7, 1892, there was an issuance of deportment.
He was deported to Dapitan with the rational of disloyalty to Spain in his writings, the
dedication to the GOMBURZA of the Noli Me Tangere and the possession of the
Pobres Frailes.
His life in Dapitan was an exile that began when he boarded the steamer CEBU
bringing a letter to stay at a Jesuit Parish to retract, change his conduct, and perform
church rites. But he did not agree with it. Consequently, Jose (Prisoner) lived at the
house of Ricardo Carcinero (his warden).
On September 21, 1892, Rizal and Carcinero won a lottery. The mailboat Butuan
carries their prize with the winning number of 9736 amounting to P 20,000.00. Rizal’s
share was 6,200. He gave 2000 to his father and the 200 to his friend in Hong Kong
Basa.

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His stay in Dapitan was pretty fruitful; He became a teacher to the young. Helped the
sick by making a clinic and developed some business like lumbers. He discovered
new species of animals in Dapitan that were named before him, the Draco Rizali
(flying dragon), Apolonia Rizali (small beetle), and Rhacophorus Rizali (rare frog).
Furthermore, He met Josephine Bracken his beloved “wife.” The stepfather of

Josephine was in need of medical attention that is why they went to Dapitan in
search of Dr. Jose Rizal, but Josephine fell in love with Jose. They had a child but
died after its birth.
There was a suggestion for Jose to help in Cuba as a medical doctor representing
Spain to be pardoned and prove its loyalty to Spain. It was granted but he was
returned in the Philippines because of a revolutionary attacks, where his name was
linked.
2.5 LAST DAYS
Arriving from Spain to Manila in his last travel on November 3, 1896, the Spaniards
rejoices for the public enemy were sent home to face trials. There are 2 kinds of
evidence that were presented against Rizal namely document and testimonial. The
documents were the Letter of Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce on the reform
campaign. Second is the letter to his family that encourages hatred of people to
tyranny and his connection to the propaganda campaign in Spain from Marcelo H.
Del Pillar and many shreds of evidence were presented.
It was Don Luis Taviel de Andrade who defend Dr. Jose Rizal. He was a Lieutenant
of the Artillery and the brother of his bodyguard Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade. Rizal
pleaded not guilty to the crimes of rebellion and admitted that he wrote of the
constitution. He waived and rejected his connection to the rebellion and wrote a
manifesto denying and appealing to stop the unnecessary shedding of blood to
achieve liberty for one can truly achieve liberty through education and industry.
On December 26, 1896, the trial of Rizal was proof of Spanish injustice. The trial was
long and debates were heating up. But after the discussions, the military court
unanimously voted for the execution of Dr. Jose Rizal. On that same day, the court’s
decision was submitted to Governador General Polavieja with the verdict of death.
On December 28, 1896, Gobernador General Polavieja signed the order of
execution order the execution to be done at Bagumbayan at 0700 in the morning on
December 30, 1896.

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2.6 EXECUTION
December 29, 1896, at 06:00 am, Captain Rafael Dominguez was assigned to read
the death sentence to Dr. Jose Rizal. After an hour of the reading of the sentence,
Jose Rizal was moved to the chapel where he spent his last moments with the Jesuit
priest.
Around 4:00 in the afternoon, Dona Teodora arrived together with Trinidad of which
she received the Lamp that contains the MI ULTIMO ADIOS. After the departure of
Dona Teodora and Trinidad, Fr. Vilaclara, and Fr. March and followed by Fr. Rosell
entered the cell.
At 1000 in the evening, a draft of retraction was sent by Archbishop Bernardino

Nozaleda was given to Rizal through Fr. Balaguer but Rizal did not sign it. But a
shorter version from the Jesuits was accepted by Jose Rizal. After making some
changes Rizal wrote his own retraction in which he admitted his connections with
Masonry and his religious ideas which were anti-Catholic.
At 0300 in the morning of December 30, Rizal heard a mass, confessed his sins, and
took Holy Communion. At 0530 in the morning, he took his last breakfast, where he
wrote his last two letters for Paciano and to his family. In a few minutes, Josephine
Bracken with her sister Josefa arrived. Josephine bade him farewell with sorrow and
grief. Rizal comforted her for the last time and gave to her the Imitation of Christ by
Father Thomas Kempis that was given to him at Dapitan. With an autograph of “to
my dear unhappy wife, Josephine.”
Around 0630 in the morning, Rizal began his march to Bagumbayan signaled by a
trumpet. Walking beside him was his defendant and two Jesuit priests. Upon arrival,
the shooters' positions themselves and prepared. A Jesuit priest prayed and offered
him to kiss the cross of which he bowed and kissed. Then He requested the Captain
to face the firing squad but he was denied.
Rizal turned his back on the firing squad during the firing. A Spanish military
physician checked the pulse of Jose Rizal who was amazed that He was not afraid,
and it was calm. It was around 0703 in the morning when He died with the age of 35
years, 5 months, and 11 days.

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III
Writings of Dr. Jose Rizal
As part of student’s expected self-directed learning, you are required to do your

research and readings of the following suggested readings of the poems of Dr. Jose
Rizal.
a. Sa Aking mga Kababata

 It was believed to be written of Dr. Jose Rizal at the age of seven (7)
years old. It was a tagalong poem that focuses on giving a message to
the new offspring of the nation to love its own language and nation.
b. Mi Prima Inspiracion
 The first poem written by Dr. Jose Rizal during his higher education
(college) studies in the Ateneo de Municipal. He wrote it in his 3rd year
at the age of 14 years old. It was believed to be written because of the
release of his mother from prison.
c. To the Filipino Youth

 Written by Dr. Jose Rizal at the age of 18 years old. It was presented
primarily at 1879 while studying Medicine at UST. It depicted its thanks
to Spain and the beautiful struggle and dream of Filipino youth in
showing its love to the motherland.
d. The Ask for a verse

 It was the poem of Dr. Jose Rizal that was requested to him to be
presented to the members of the society during a new year’s eve at
Europe. Of which it expressed his agonizing heart as it cries.
e. Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo
 Composed at 1876, it was a poem of remembrance for his town in
Calamba Laguna that he longed for so long of which he remembered
and reminiscenced the lovely memories that he had in the his
hometown.
f. Flowers of Heidelberg
 It was April 22, 1886 that Dr. Jose Rizal wrote this poem. The poem
was written because of his fascination of the blooming flower along the
Neckar River that has a name that means “forget-me-not.”

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g. Song to Maria Clara

 Maria Clara is one of the protagonist in the novel of Dr. Jose Rizal Noli
Me Tangere. Its the representation of Dr. Jose Rizal’s love and
patriotism to our country.
h. The Song of the Traveller

 It was the poem of Dr. Jose Rizal that speaks about the loneliness of
an immigrant to goes to other country, even though freedom and
enjoyment is experience one really longs to return to his homeland.
i. Mi Ultimo Adios
 The last piece of literary work that Dr. Jose Rizal written. It was put in a
lamp and was given to her sister before his execution. it was given a
day before his execution, specifically December 30, 1896.
SELF-HELP
You can also refer to the sources below to help

you further understand the lessons:
Maghuyop, R. (2018). The Life and Works of Rizal. Malabon City: Mutya
Publishing House Inc.
CHAPTER 11 (Biography of Dr. Jose Rizal)
CHAPTER 12 (Writings of Rizal)
De Viana, A., et. al. (2018). Jose Rizal: social reformer and patriot. A study of his
life
Mellejor, L. C. (2017). President Duterte cites Jose Rizal’s heroic struggle to
dignify Filipinos. The Philippine News Agency (PNA).
http://www.joserizal.ph/pm01.html - Jose Rizal’s Poems, books and Literary

works

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Let’s Check
Let’s Check 3.3 MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the best and nearest answer from
the given options in each number. Encircle the letter of the best
answer.
1. In the initial investigation of Dr. Jose Rizal’s trial, on ___ he arrived in Manila to face the
accusations made that he was the mastermind of the revolution that had happened.
a. 11/ 3/ 1896 b. 11/30/1896 c. 11/29/1896 d. 03/11/1896
2. It was him who requested Governor General Blanco to immediately order the return of
Rizal because of the insurrection against the Spanish Authorities in Manila.
a. Col. Francis Alive b.Col Francisco Olive
c. Gen. Francisco Olive d. Lt.Col. Francisco Olter
3. When was Dr. Rizal was summoned to appear for the initial investigation of the
accusation.
a. Nov. 30 b. Nov. 03 c. Nov. 23 d. Nov 13
4. The following were the accusations that were formally read to Dr. Rizal, except.
a. Rebellion b. Sedition c. Seduction d. Treason
5. It is the state that one isn’t allowed to communicate in any means to anyone.
a. Incommunicado b. muted
c. no visitors allowed d. High valued target
6. What book did Josephine gave to Jose in their last meeting.
a. Imitasion de Cristo b. Imitacion de Kristo
c. Imitacion de Cristus d. Imitation de Cristo
7. The poem of Dr. Rizal that was put in the lamp.
a. Mi Ultimo Adios b. A Juventud c. My Last will d. To Paciano
8. Who was the counsel of Dr. Rizal?
a. Lt. Andrade b. Lt. Andrada c. Lt. Andrado d. Lt. Andradi
9. Dr. Jose Rizal was exiled at _____.
a. Dapitan b. Fort Santiago c. Fort Bonifacio d. Dipolog
10. What congregation of Priest, who accompanied Dr. Rizal in his last night.
a. Jesuit b. Dominicans
c. Franciscans d. None of the Above
11. He was Bonifacio’s emissary to Dr. Jose Rizal.
a. Dr. Pia Valenzeula b. Pio Valenzuela
c. Apolinario Mabini d. Emilio Jacinto

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12. He was the founder of Katipunan movement.

a. Andres Bonifacio b. Emilio Aguinaldo
c. Apolinario Mabino d. Diego Silang
13. Who suggested the idea to volunteer as a Doctor in Cuba for Rizal to leave Dapitan.
a. Dr. Blumettrit b. Dr. Jagor c. Dr. Meyer d. None of the Above
14. The following were the species Dr. Jose discovered, except.
a. Frog b. Flying Dragon c. Dragon Fly d. Beetle
15. The Governor General who ordered the arrest and the eventual deportation of Dr. Rizal
in Dapitan.
a.GG Despujol b. GG. Blanco c. GG. Pulavieja d. GG. Claveria
16. He was the Step- Father of Josephine Bracken.
a. Mr. Taufer b. Mr. Tugger c. Mr. Maufer d. Mr. Tuaffer
17. Rizal was arrested in the other country for he was allegedly creating propaganda
against the Spaniards that was entitled.
a. PobresNucho b. PobresPrayle
c. PobresFrailes d. PobresFobres
18. On ___, Jose was formally charge with the accusations, where he pleaded not guilty.
a. 12/11/.1896 b. 11/12/1897 c. 12/11/1897 d. 12/11/1895
19. The Archbishop of Manila, ____, requested the Jesuits of Ateneo to give spiritual
consolation to him as well as to convince Jose to retract from Masonry.
a. Fr. Bernardino Nozaleda b. Fr. BernadoCuaresma
c. Fr. Ben Capulong d. None of the Above
20. The exact date of the execution of Dr. Jose Rizal.
a. Dec. 30, 1896 b. Dec 29, 1896 c. Dec 28, 1896 d. Dec 29, 1897
21. On ____, the Decree of Deportation was published at Gaceta de Manila for the arrest of
Dr. Rizal because of the possession of the Leaflets which are considered as anti-cleric
and Spain.
a. 06/06/1892 b. 05/05/1892 c. 08/07/1892 d. 07/7/1892
22. After the leaflet incident, Dr. Jose Rizal was put to prison at ___.
a. Fort Bonifacio b. For Santiago c. Fort Santiago d. None of the Above
23. At Fort Santiago, Dr. Rizal stayed incommunicado for ___ days.
a. 9 b. 8 c. 10 d. 7
24. Which of the following were not included at the GOMBURZA?
a. Gomez, Mariano b Burgos, Jose c. Zamora, Jacinto D. Gomes, Mariano
25. What was the rationale, why Josephine Bracken went to Dapitan?
a. to search her heart b. For vacation

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c. to find a doctor for her father d. to build a bussiness

26. What were the reasons why the novels of Rizal were banned?
a. Anti-Catholic b. Anti- Friars c. All of the Above d. None of the Above
27. The rationale, why Andres Bonifacio sent an emissary in Dapitan.
a. to ask the blessing of Dr. Rizal to revolt b. to rescue Dr. Jose Rizal and hid him
c. both A and B d. None of the above
28. What was the birthdate of Jose Rizal.
a. 06/19/1861 b. 06/18/1861 c. 06/20/1861 d. 06/22/1861
29. All of the events listed below happened while Rizal was in exile in Dapitan except:
a. Rizal won on a lottery b. He helped the community
c. He made a school d. He pleaded not guilty about his case
30. The book of Dr. Jose Rizal that was published in Ghent.
a. EL FIlibusterismo b. Noli me Tangere c. Mi Ultimo Adios c. Visitacion
31. Which of the following could be found in the novel “El Filibusterismo.
a. This is dedicated to the Martyr Priest GOMBURZA. b. Simeon
c. Crispin and Basilio d. dedication for the Motherland
32. The last country did Jose Rizal visited before his trial and execution.
a. CUBA B. FRANCE C. ITALY D. SPAIN
33. She was called by Dr. Rizal as an “Unhappy Wife.”
a. Leonor Rivera b. Segunda Katigbak c. Josephine Bracken d. Nelly Busted
34. It was known as the favorite book of Jose Rizal.
a. The Count of Monte Cristo b. Tale of 2 Cities c. The Court d. The Trial
35. Which of the following is true about the novels of Dr. Rizal?
a. The titles are in Spanish b. They have the same characters
c. They are composed of 60 chapters d. They are against Spain

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Let’s Check 3.4
Identify whether the statement is CORRECT (write A) or INCORRECT (Write B).
1. According to Bonifacio, Ang kabataan ang pag-asa ng bayan.

2. The Spain was a colony of the Philippines for 300 years.
3. All accusations made by the Spaniards against Rizal was logical and valid.
4. The trial against Dr. Jose Rizal was fair and no prejudices.
5. Dona Teodora pleaded towards the Governor General to study the case of
Jose.
6. Rizal urged that reforms must be introduced to prevent revolution.
7. According to the Spanish liberals, Filipinos were advance.
8. Filipinos have equal rights with the Spaniards, if they had finished their
studies at Spain.
9. The trial of Dr. Rizal occurred in a civilian court.
10. Rizal was hit in the body and died about 7:03 in the morning of December
31, 1896.
11. Dr. Jargon suggested to Dr. Jose Rizal to become a Military Physician in
Cuba.
12. Ricardo Carnicero was told to oversee the activities of Rizal in Fort
Bonifacio.
13. Dr. Jose Rizal was exiled to Mindanao.
14. Upon exile, Dr. Jose Rizal won a lottery with the ticket number 9736.
15. December 28, 1896, the verdict and approval of the death and execution
of Dr. Jose Rizal.

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Let’s Analyze
Let’s Analyze 3.2 Getting acquainted with the terms and concept used in the
writings of Dr. Jose Rizal and its background is not enough. One must deepen its
understanding and learn the meaning that it wants to convey; hence I will require
you to explain thoroughly your answers on the following questions. Hence upon
reading the Literary works of Dr. Jose Rizal, please answer the following essay
based on its literary assignments and context.
a. What is the primary message of the little Pepe to his friends?

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b. Who is the first inspiration of Dr. Jose Rizal?

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c. What is the dream of Dr. Jose Rizal to the Filipino Youth?

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d. What is the context of the people asking Jose Rizal for a verse?
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Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118
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e. What is the difference between the Song to Maria Clara and the Song of the
Traveler?
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f. What is his message on his last farewell?

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Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118
g. As you are acquainted with the women that Dr. Jose Rizal, In your own
perspective who would be the best fitted partner in the life of Dr. Jose Rizal?
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Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118
In a Nutshell
1. Although man may pass in this world, but the writings and message that a person
wants to convey might still remain if it is written and treasured by the people he or she
left if to be read and understand its deep message like the writings of Dr. Jose Rizal
2. Although new ideas, culture and beliefs are not essentially bad, accepting them must be
accompanied with a great deal of caution. Likewise, deciding to remain in the old beliefs
and practices must also be done with a great deal of assessment and evaluation.
Your Turn
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Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118
Q&A LIST

ISSUES
1.
2.
3.
KEYWORD INDEX
Revolt Prayle
Passion Nunnery
Tithes Revenge
Indolence Annotate
Filibuster Nationalism

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BIG PICTURE IN FOCUS

c. Assess the historical and cultural context in Dr. Jose Rizal’s
mission and travels around the world and analyze the women who
became part of his life.
METALANGUAGE
1. Uncle Tom’s Cabin

 An abolitionist (anti-slavery) book by Harriet Beecher Stowe which
inspired Rizal (among others), to write the Noli Me Tangere.
2. Pobres Frailes
 It was written on leaflets by Fr. Jacinto which was a satire against the
rich Dominicans who amassed wealth contrary to their monastic vow of
poverty.
3. Deportation
 An act of which a person is returned to its country of origin because of
legal basis or violation of any law or committing a crime that needs to
be on trial on a specific country, like of the deportation of Dr. Jose
Rizal.
4. Exile
 A state of which a person is barred from its own country or put on a
place that will halt his or her connections; commonly for political or
disciplinary reasons.

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To perform the aforesaid big picture (Unit Learning Outcomes 3) for the Ninth week
IV
The Women Acquainted to Dr. Jose Rizal
It is a fact that Dr. Jose Rizal's charm is effective with various women in the
Philippines and elsewhere in the world have made him a legend and a hero to
Filipino men who aspire to be as smooth as he was (spot.ph). It may be a flirt or a
long term relationships, the fact remained that Pepe fell in love and had sentiments
over fond memories of his beloved women.
Segunda Katigbak
1. Segunda was the sister of Mariano Katigbak.

2. studied in La Concordia College, where Rizal's sister Olympia also studied.
3. He did the best thing to be close to her and that is to visit La Concordia
College with a disguise to see his sister
4. The love story ended when Rizal told Segunda that he was returning home to
Calamba for the New Year.
5. Jose waited for her and he did see her pass by but he chose to go home.
Leonor Valenzuela
1. Leonor or "Orang" was his neighbor in Intramuros while studying at UST.

2. He wrote love letters to her in invisible ink.
Leonor Rivera
1. Leonor was the daughter of a cousin of Rizal's father, making her Rizal's
cousin
2. His childhood sweetheart.
3. They met in Manila when Leonor was 13 years old
4. Pepe’s letters to Leonor went unacknowledged for a whole year, as Leonor
married Henry Charles Kipping.
5. She discovered accidentally the letter of Jose but was convinced by her
mother to continue the engagement.

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Consuelo Ortiga y Rey
1. Consuelo is that she was the daughter of Don Pablo Ortiga, a former mayor of
Manila.
2. Consuelo wrote in her diary that she first met Rizal in Madrid on September
16, 1882.
3. She always askRizal to write her poems and verses,
4. The most well-known of these is entitled A La Señorita.
5. One of Rizal's friend, Eduardo de Lete, apparently had his eye on Consuelo,
which forced Rizal to back out and he was still engaged to Leonor Rivera.
Seiko Usui
1. Seiko Usui, who Rizal called "O-Sei-San," worked at the Spanish Legation in
Tokyo.
2. She was 23 years old when she met the 27-year-old Rizal.
3. Rizal started working at the Spanish Legation in February 1888.
4. Seiko spoke both English and French, she and Rizal managed to strike up a
friendship and eventually a relationship.
5. She taught him Japanese as well. Rizal had to leave for San Francisco in
April 1888, that causes their breakup.
Gertrude Beckett
1. Nicknamed "Gettie" by Rizal, Beckett was the daughter of Charles Beckett,

who was Rizal's landlord when he stayed in London, England in May 1888.
2. "Some sources say that it was only Gettie who wanted more out of their
friendship, while others say that Rizal got cold feet, which made him decide to
leave London for Paris in March 1889.
Suzanne Jacoby
1. Suzanne was a Belgian woman who was the niece of the landladies of the
boarding house where Rizal stayed in Brussels in February 1890.
2. He ended up returning to Brussels in April 1891, to keep working on El
Filibusterismo that ended their relationship.
Nellie Boustead
1. Nellie was the daughter of British businessman Eduardo Boustead and was
half-Filipina.
2. She was also the fiancée of Antonio Luna.
3. February 1891, Rizal stayed at the Villa Eliada, the Bousteads' winter
residence in Biarritz on the French Riviera.
4. Apparently, At the time, he had just learned that Leonor Rivera got married to
someone else.
5. Nellie wanted Rizal to convert to Protestantism if he wants to marry her.

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Josephine Bracken
1. Born in Hong Kong to Irish parents, Josephine was the “wife” of Rizal.
2. Josephine, together with her adoptive father George Taufer, sailed to the
Philippines and then to Dapitan to see Rizal, as Taufer's eyes required
medical attention and Jose is a renowned expert during those times.
3. Josephine and Rizal eventually fell in love, although Rizal's sisters thought
she was a spy for the Spanish.
4. They lived together in Barangay Talisay in Dapitan. But their son died.
5. After Rizal's death, Josephine returned to Hong Kong and lived with her
father. In 1900, she married Vicente Abad. Josephine died of tuberculosis at
the age of 25.
SELF-HELP
House Inc.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBvpfX8LmWg&t=10s – Rizal lover boy

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Let’s Check
Let’s Check 3.5: Identify who is the woman describe in the given statement and
write your answer on the space provided after each question.
QUESTIONS ANSWER
1. Born in Hong Kong to Irish parents; was the “wife” of Rizal.
2. was a Belgian woman who was the niece of the

landladies of the boarding house where Rizal stayed in
Brussels in February 1890.
3. was the daughter of British businessman Eduardo

Boustead and was half-Filipina.
4. They lived together in Barangay Talisay in Dapitan. But their son

died.
5. was the daughter of a cousin of Rizal's father, making her Rizal's

cousin; His childhood sweetheart.
6. She taught him Japanese as well. Rizal had to leave for San
Francisco in April 1888, that causes their break up.
7. studied in La Concordia College, where Rizal's sister Olympia

also studied; He did the best thing to be close to her and that was
to visit La Concordia College with the pretense to see his sister.
8. she was the daughter of Don Pablo, a former mayor of Manila;

wrote in her diary that she first met Rizal in Madrid on September
16, 1882; She always asked Rizal to write her poems and verses;
The most well-known of these was entitled A La Señorita.
9. was the daughter of Charles, who was Rizal's landlord when he

stayed in London, England in May 1888; Some sources said that it
was only she who wanted more out of their friendship, while others
said that Rizal got cold feet, which made him decide to leave
London for Paris in March 1889.
10. was his neighbor in Intramuros while studying at UST; He

wrote love letters to her in invisible ink.

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Let’s Analyze
Let’s Analyze 3.3 Getting acquainted with the terms and concept used in the
writings of Dr. Jose Rizal and its background is not enough. One must deepen its
understanding and learn the meaning that it wants to convey; hence I will require
you to explain thoroughly your answers on the following questions. Hence upon
reading the Literary works of Dr. Jose Rizal, please answer the following essay
based on its literary assignments and context.
1. As you are now acquainted with the women of Dr. Jose Rizal, in
your own perspective who would be the best fitted partner in the life of Dr.
Jose Rizal? Why?
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Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118
2. It is a common knowledge that the most beloved and dearest of

Jose is Leonor, based on what you have discovered and learned what
would be the possible reason or reasons why the mother of Leonor
didn’t approve to their mutual love with each other, leaving aside the
fact that they are closely related with each other.
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Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118
In a Nutshell
1. I realized that even though hero do bleed. I saw the human side of Dr. Jose Rizal the
fragile part of him and his unbelievable attraction towards beautiful women.
2. Although one does things because of his principles and dreams to achieve, sacrifices are
done. Just as Dr. Jose Rizal sacrificed his own life and possible relationship and future for
our country.
Your Turn
3. _______________________________________________________________________
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4. _______________________________________________________________________
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Phone: (082) 3050647 Local 118
Q&A LIST

ISSUES
1.
2.
3.
KEYWORD INDEX
Amor Relationships
Passion Polyglot
Protestantism Tuberculosis

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REFERENCES
Books
Maghuyop, R. et. al. (2018). The Life and Works of Jose Rizal. Philippines: Mutya
Publishing House.
Camagay, M.L. (2018). Unraveling the past: reading in Philippine history.

Quezon City: Vibal Group.
Mellejor, L. C. (2017). President Duterte cites Jose Rizal’s heroic struggle to dignify
Filipinos. The Philippine News Agency (PNA).
Zaide G &Zaide S. (1999). Jose Rizal: Life, Works and Writing of a Genius, Writer,
Scientist and National Hero. Philippines: All-Nation Publication.Co.
Online References
Women of Jose Rizal. Retrieved April 20, 2020.

https://www.spot.ph/newsfeatures/newsfeatures-peopleparties/58058/the-women-of-jose-
rizal
Rizal Law Retrieved April 18, 2020.

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1956/06/12/republic-act-no-1425/
http://nhcp.gov.ph/historical-context-and-legal-basis-of-rizal-day-and-other-memorials-in-
honor-of-jose-rizal/

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COURSE SCHEDULES
WHERE TO
ACTIVITY
SUBMIT
DATE
Week 1-3
Big Picture A: Let’s Check Activity 1.1 BB LMS
Big Picture A: Let’s Analyze Activity 1.1 BB LMS
Big Picture A: In a Nutshell BB LMS
First Examination BB LMS
Week 4-5
Big Picture B: Let’s Check Activity 2.1 BB LMS
Big Picture B: Let’s Analyze Activity 2.1 BB LMS
Big Picture B: Let’s Analyze 2.2 BB LMS
Big Picture B: In a Nutshell BB LMS
Big Picture C: Q&A BB LMS
Second Examination BB LMS

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Week 6-7
Big Picture B: Let’s Analyze Activity 2.3 BB LMS
Big Picture C: Let’s Check Activity 3.1 BB LMS
Big Picture C: Let’s Analyze Activity 3.1 BB LMS
Big Picture C: In a Nutshell BB LMS
Third Examination BB LMS
Week 8-9
Big Picture C: Let’s Analyze 3.2 BB LMS
Big Picture C: Let’s Analyze 3.3 BB LMS
Big Picture C: In a Nutshell BB LMS
Final Examination BB LMS

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with properly under existing guidelines, specifically on social media conduct (OPM
21.15) and personnel discipline (OPM 21.11).
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OBD or DED courses. Any breach and violation shall be dealt with properly under
existing guidelines, specifically in Section 7 (Student Discipline) in the Student
Handbook.
(4) Professional conduct refers to the embodiment and exercise of the University’s
Core Values, specifically in the adherence to intellectual honesty and integrity;
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University shall institute monitoring mechanisms online to detect and penalize
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Students shall not post or share their answers, assignment or examinations to others
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MONITORING OF OBD AND DED
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responsible in monitoring the conduct of their respective OBD classes through
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for endorsement to the Chief Operating Officer.
Course prepared by:
Course reviewed by:
HELEN Q. OMBLERO, DSD

Program Head
Approved by:
KHRISTINE MARIE D. CONCEPCION, PH.D

Dean

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Prepared by:
MARK JOEL ORTIZ, MA

SSD Faculty
RAYVEN OROC, MA
SSD Faculty
JAIME JAVINEZ, MA
SSD Faculty
Reviewed by: Approved by:
HELEN Q. OMBLERO, DSD KHRISTINE MARIE D. CONCEPCION, PhD

Chair, SSD Dean, CASE

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Uni

College of Arts and Science Education

Social Science Discipline

Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged

Self-Instructional Manual (SIM) for Self-Directed Learning (SDL)

GE6 - Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal

THIS SIM/SDL MANUAL IS A DRAFT VERSION ONLY; NOT FOR

EXPECT REVISIONS OF THE MANUAL.

PART 1: COURSE OUTLINE 04

PART 2: INSTRUCTION PROPER 04

UNIT LEARNING OUTCOME 2 19

UNIT LEARNING OUTCOME 3 34

1 | G E 6 : Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal

UNIT LEARNING OUTCOME 2 59

UNIT LEARNING OUTCOME 3 75

UNIT LEARNING OUTCOME 2 100

2 | G E 6 : Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal

Q&A LIST 120

UNIT LEARNING OUTCOME 3 121

3 | G E 6 : Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal

Course Outline: GE 6 – Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal

Course Instructors: __________________________

Course Outline Policy

Area of Concern Details

Contact and Non-Contact The Self-Instructional Manual is designed for this 3-

Assessment Task Submission of assessment tasks shall be on the 3rd,

4 | G E 6 : Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal

Assessment tasks uploaded in the Blackboard LMS

All assessment tasks and requirements are to be

Please be reminded that academic dishonesty, which

Penalties for Late Assignments and assessments are to be

5 | G E 6 : Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal

However, deductions won’t apply to late submissions

Return of Assignments/ Assessment tasks will be returned within a maximum

If group submission is required, only one copy of the

Re-marking of Contesting or requesting to change the score

Grading System For graded assessment tasks, the following

First Assessment 10%

Class Participation 30%

Quizzes, Assignments, Participations 10%

6 | G E 6 : Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal

Research, Projects, Requirements 20%

The submission of grade will follow the University

Student Communication Students are required to have an active umindanao

In-campus face-to-face sessions, whenever required

For specific concerns, students may contact the

Contact Details of the Khristine Concepcion, Ph.D

7 | G E 6 : Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal

of the program head. However alternative

Library Contact Details Brigida E. Bacani

Well-being Welfare Zerdszen Rañises

Course Information - see/download course syllabus in the Black Board LMS

Instructor: Hello everyone! Welcome to this course GE 6 – Rizal’s Life and

CO: As students of this course, you are expected to manifest in your

Without further ado, LET’S GO. PARA SA BAYAN!

8 | G E 6 : Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal

Week 1-3: Unit Learning Outcomes 1 (ULO 1):