Solid State Technology

Volume: 63 Issue: 2s
Publication Year: 2020

Viscosity and refractive index investigations

on some green solvent materials
V Narsimlu a, e, K C Sekara Reddy b, T Madhu Mohan c, T Viaya Krishna c, V Srinivasa Rao d
a
Research scholar, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
b
Department of Physics, SSBN Degree College, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
c
Centre for Io-Nano Fluids, Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh,
India
d
Department of Physics, Government City College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
e
Department of Physics, S.R.N.K. Govt. Degree College, Banswada, Telangana, India

Abstract— Viscosity and refractive index data have been evaluated for several mixture compositions of
two binary systems (system one ([Emim][Bf4] and NMA) as well as system two ([Bmim][Bf4] and
NMA)) in the temperatures range (293.15 to 323.15) K. The study categorically shows that the
simultaneous analysis of excess properties of viscosity and refractive index is able to offer an extensive
explanation for intermolecular interactions happening in the mixture systems, particularly if the part
molecules have various sizes. Several theoretical methods are utilized to evaluate the refractive indices.
The precise knowledge of the Viscometric nature of the studied systems plays a vital role in many
industrial applications.
Keywords- [Emim][Bf4]; viscosity; refractive index, intermolecular interactions.

I. INTRODUCTION

In view of the widespread and beneficial properties, ionic liquids (ILs) are being used extensively
in various industrial and engineering applications. The peculiar attributes of ILs like – less vapour
pressure, high solvating capability and considerable thermal withstanding capacity have created ILs as
ecological helpful solvents as a good replacement to organic solvents. Additionally, the info concerning
the thermodynamic nature of ILs + organic solvents is actually utmost important for many industrial
uses [1-3].
The current study deals with two binary combination systems: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium
tetrafluoroborate ([Emim][Bf4]) + N-methylaniline (NMA) (system one) along with 1-butyl-3-
methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][Bf4]) + NMA (system two). The accurate information of
thermodynamic qualities of these investigated combinations can be of excellent value for the probable
take advantage of theirs in the separation engineering, batteries, CO2 absorption etc. [4]
9373

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II. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

The ionic liquids, [Emim][Bf4] as well as [Bmim][Bf4] are acquired from Io-Li-Tec, Germany.
Vacuum treatment technique has been used to purify these ILs, for over twelve hours at a temperature
of 343.15 K. Fractional distillation technique has been adopted to purify NMA (Sigma Aldrich, USA).
Viscosity (  ) data is collected on Lovis 2000M micro viscometer from temperature (293.15 to
323.15) K with an interval of 10 K at 0.1MPa. Refractive indices ( n ) are determined from temperature
(293.15 to 323.15) K with an interval of 10 K at 0.1MPa, using the Anton Paar Abbemat 500 digital
refractometer.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The behaviour of , with mole fraction ( x1 ) and temperature (T) in system one ([Emim][Bf4] +
NMA) as well as system two ([Bmim][Bf4] + NMA), is revealed in Fig. 1. At all the examined temps,
the  values are rising with rising IL concentration in the two systems. Additionally, in the studied
combinations,  values are observed to be dwindling with rising T. The behaviour of n , with x1 and T
in system one and system two, is revealed in Fig. 2. For the studied temperatures, the n values are
witnessed to be dwindling with rising x1 and T for the two combinations. The nature of  and n with
concentration and temp, represents that the thermophysical qualities of ILs ([Emim][Bf4] or
[Bmim][Bf4]) might be customized for a desired purpose with the addition of NMA or by altering
temperature.

60 1.60
1.58
50
1.56
(a) [Emim][Bf4] + NMA
1.54
40
 / (mPa.s)

1.52
(a) [Emim][Bf4] + NMA
30 1.50
1.48
n

20 1.46
1.44
10 1.42
1.40
0 1.38
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
x x
1.60
1 1

150
1.58
1.56
120 (b) [Bmim][Bf4] + NMA
1.54
 / (mPa.s)

(b) [Bmim][Bf4] + NMA

1.52
90
n

1.50
1.48
60 1.46
1.44
30 1.42
1.40
0 1.38
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
x 1 x1
9374

Fig. 1.  vs x1 in the systems (a) Fig. 2. n vs x1 in the systems (a)

[Emim][Bf4] + NMA and (b) [Bmim][Bf4] + [Emim][Bf4] + NMA and (b) [Bmim][Bf4] +
NMA. NMA.

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293.15 K ( ), 303.15 K ( ), 313.15 K ( ), 313.15 K ( ).

The formula for calculating Excess viscosity (  E ) is given by,
 E =  − exp  x1 ln 1 − x2 ln 2  (1)
where 1 ,  2 and  denote viscosities of [Emim][Bf4]/ [Bmim][Bf4], NMA and binary mixture
respectively.
In general, the dispersion as well as chemical bond breaking forces give negative  E
values while, the bond developing forces result in positive  E values. In this work, positive  E
values (Fig. 3) are found for system one for the complete x1 range of [Emim][Bf4] at all studied
temperatures. In system two,  E values (Fig. 3) are positive up to x1 = 0.7969 and negative in
the IL ([Bmim][Bf4]) rich region for all investigated temperatures. These tendencies label that,
structural rearrangements are occurring in the combinations by ion-dipole mechanism.
Additionally, the high positive data of  E in system two, specify the strength of chemical
interactions as ([Bmim][Bf4] + NMA ) > ([Emim][Bf4] + NMA).

4
(a) [Emim][Bf4] + NMA

3
 / (mPa. s)

2
E

0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
x 1
8
(b) [Bmim][Bf4] + NMA
6
/ (mPa. s)

2
E


-2

-4
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
x 1

Fig. 3:  vs x1 in the systems (a) [Emim][Bf4] + NMA and (b) [Bmim][Bf4] + NMA.
E
9375

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The formula for calculating excess refractive index ( nE ) is given by,

nE = n − nid (2)
1/2
 (n 2 n 2 ) + (21n12 ) + (22 n22 )  xiVi
where nid =  1 2  , i ( volume fraction ) = x V + x V and V is molar volume
 2 + (1n2 ) + (2 n1 )
2 2
 1 1 2 2

Fig. 4 displays the deviations of nE , for systems one and two, corresponding to  and T.
E
Usually, feeble bondings are labeled with positive n and solid bondings are labeled with
negative nE values [5]. In the current work, negative nE values are detected, for the investigated
systems, in the complete x1 range of IL ([Emim][Bf4]/ [Bmim][Bf4]) for the examined
temperatures. This trend represents strong bondings between [Bmim][Bf4]/ [Bmim][Bf4] and
NMA molecules.

0.000

-0.001 (a) [Emim][Bf4] +NMA

-0.002
E
n

-0.003

-0.004

-0.005
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
x 1
0.000
(b) [Bmim][Bf4] +NMA

-0.001
E
n

-0.002

-0.003

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
x 1

E
Fig. 4: n vs x1 in the systems (a) [Emim][Bf4] + NMA and (b) Bmim][Bf4] + NMA

Redlich-Kister (R–K) formula is applied to fit all excess values (  E and n )

E

n
= x1 x2  Ai (1− 2 x 1 )i
E
Y (3)
i =0
9376

where x1 and x2 denote mole fractions of [Emim][Bf4] or [Bmim][Bf4] and NMA respectively.
The formula for calculating standard deviation (  ) is given by,

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  (Yexp
E
− Ycal )  2
E 2

 =  (4)
 N −n 
where N is number of experimental points and n is the number of coefficients. The values of Ai
and  calculated from R - K formula are shown in Table I.

Table I: Coefficients (A0, A1, A2, A3 & A4) of Redlich-Kister equation and standard deviations
(  ) for [Emim][Bf4] + NMA and [Bmim][Bf4] + NMA for T = (293.15 to 323.15) K at 0.1 MPa

[Emim][Bf4] + NMA [Bmim][Bf4] + NMA

Functions  E /mPa.s nE  E /mPa.s nE
T=293.15 K
A0 14.071 -0.00924 26.165 -0.0084
A1 -11.049 0.00431 -5.680 0.0040
A2 -4.502 0.00477 -55.834 0.0055
A3 9.272 -0.00684 59.649 -0.0039
 0.129 0.0001 0.439 0.0001
T=303.15 K
A0 8.977 -0.01117 19.157 -0.0093
A1 -5.259 0.00202 -8.363 0.0037
A2 -5.062 0.00354 -42.428 0.0052
A3 3.517 -0.00310 53.020 -0.0034
 0.061 0.0001 0.342 0.0001
T=318.15 K
A0 5.787 -0.01242 13.822 -0.0101
A1 -4.046 0.00234 -9.617 0.0043
A2 -2.491 0.00069 -28.827 0.0037
A3 2.344 -0.00273 43.895 -0.0046
 0.035 0.0001 0.321 0.0001
T=323.15 K
A0 3.822 -0.01416 9.690 -0.0111
A1 -3.177 0.00163 -8.019 0.0042
A2 -2.814 0.00016 -19.868 0.0016
A3 3.465 -0.00057 30.702 -0.0041
9377

 0.029 0.0002 0.331 0.0001

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Refractive index mixing rules

Refractive index values of mixture compositions are evaluated from numerous empirical
and semi-empirical relationships [6, 7].

Arago–Biot (A–B) relation:

n12 = n11 + n22 (5)
Lorentz–Lorenz (L–L) relation:
 (n122 − 1)   (n12 − 1)   (n22 − 1) 
 2 = 2  1 +  2  2 (6)
 (n12 + 2)   (n1 + 2)   (n2 + 2) 
Eykman’s relation:
 (n122 − 1)   (n12 − 1)   (n22 − 1) 
 2 =
  2  +
 1  2  2 (7)
 (n12 + 0.4)   (n1 + 0.4)   (n2 + 0.4) 
Gladstone–Dale (G–D) relation:
(n12 −1) = (n1 −1)1 + (n2 −1)2 (8)
Weiner’s relation:
 (n122 − n12 )   (n22 − n12 ) 
 2 2 
= 2 2  2
 (9)
 (n12 + 2n1 )   (n2 + 2n1 ) 
Heller’s relation:
 (n12 − n1 )  3  (n22 − n12 ) 
 =  2 2  2
 (10)
 n1  2  (n2 + 2n1 ) 
Newton’s relation:
(n122 − 1) = ( n12 − 1)1 + ( n22 − 1)2 (11)
Edward’s relation:
 (n12 − 1)   (n1 − 1)   (n2 − 1) 
 =  1 +   2 (12)
 n12   n1   n2 
Eyring and John relation:
1
n12 = n112 + 2(n1n1 ) 2 12 + n222 (13)
In the equations (5) – (13), n1 and n2 denote refractive indices of [Emim][Bf4]/
[Bmim][Bf4] and NMA respectively. 1 and  2 denote volume fractions of [Emim][Bf4]/
9378

[Bmim][Bf4] and NMA respectively. n12 represents evaluated value of refractive index.
The average absolute relative deviations ( AARD ) are determined from the formula,

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1  X exp -X cal 
AARD =   (14)
m  X exp 

where m denotes number of experimental points, X exp denotes experimental refractive index and
X cal denotes calculated refractive index.

Table II. Experimental and theoretical n corresponding to x1 in [Emim][Bf4] + NMA

x1 Experiment Theoretical
al A-B L-L Eykm G-D Weine Heller Newto Edwar E-J
an r n d
T= 293.15 K
0.104 1.548 1.547 1.5464 1.548 1.548 1.546 1.549 1.546 1.548
6 1.54706 94 79 3 94 49 15 90 87 44
0.204 1.529 1.527 1.5254 1.529 1.528 1.526 1.530 1.526 1.528
8 1.52611 35 54 0 35 65 98 91 08 55
0.305 1.511 1.508 1.5064 1.511 1.510 1.509 1.513 1.507 1.510
7 1.50709 11 95 2 11 27 11 02 20 14
0.398 1.495 1.493 1.4906 1.495 1.494 1.493 1.497 1.491 1.494
5 1.49105 50 24 2 50 62 82 53 42 48
0.506 1.478 1.476 1.4739 1.478 1.477 1.477 1.480 1.474 1.477
4 1.47396 61 45 7 61 78 29 60 71 62
0.604 1.464 1.462 1.4602 1.464 1.463 1.463 1.466 1.460 1.463
5 1.46022 31 40 2 31 58 29 11 86 43
0.699 1.451 1.449 1.4480 1.451 1.450 1.450 1.452 1.448 1.450
4 1.44827 35 78 1 35 75 59 85 52 62
0.800 1.438 1.437 1.4360 1.438 1.437 1.437 1.439 1.436 1.437
5 1.43634 39 28 4 39 97 90 46 39 87
0.908 1.425 1.424 1.4243 1.425 1.425 1.425 1.425 1.424 1.425
4 1.42451 44 90 0 44 23 22 97 47 18
T= 303.15 K
0.104 1.543 1.542 1.5412 1.543 1.543 1.541 1.544 1.541 1.543
6 1.54152 74 63 8 74 30 00 68 71 25
9379

0.204 1.524 1.522 1.5205 1.524 1.523 1.522 1.525 1.521 1.523
8 1.52067 38 61 0 38 68 04 91 16 59

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0.305 1.506 1.504 1.5017 1.506 1.505 1.504 1.508 1.502 1.505
7 1.50178 33 22 3 33 50 36 20 49 38
0.398 1.490 1.488 1.4860 1.490 1.490 1.489 1.492 1.486 1.489
5 1.48591 88 67 9 88 02 23 88 86 88
0.506 1.474 1.472 1.4696 1.474 1.473 1.472 1.476 1.470 1.473
4 1.46922 15 04 0 15 33 85 11 32 18
0.604 1.459 1.458 1.4559 1.459 1.459 1.458 1.461 1.456 1.459
5 1.45564 99 12 6 99 26 98 75 59 12
0.699 1.447 1.445 1.4438 1.447 1.446 1.446 1.448 1.444 1.446
4 1.44374 14 60 5 14 55 39 61 35 42
0.800 1.434 1.433 1.4319 1.434 1.433 1.433 1.435 1.432 1.433
5 1.43208 29 20 7 29 87 81 35 32 78
0.908 1.421 1.420 1.4203 1.421 1.421 1.421 1.421 1.420 1.421
4 1.42023 44 91 2 44 24 23 96 49 19
T= 313.15 K
0.104 1.538 1.537 1.5362 1.538 1.538 1.535 1.539 1.536 1.538
6 1.53613 66 58 7 66 23 99 57 68 18
0.204 1.519 1.517 1.5158 1.519 1.518 1.517 1.521 1.516 1.518
8 1.51573 61 90 5 61 93 34 10 48 84
0.305 1.501 1.499 1.4973 1.501 1.501 1.499 1.503 1.498 1.500
7 1.49697 84 80 7 84 04 93 67 11 92
0.398 1.486 1.484 1.4819 1.486 1.485 1.485 1.488 1.482 1.485
5 1.48145 63 49 8 63 79 03 57 72 65
0.506 1.470 1.468 1.4657 1.470 1.469 1.468 1.472 1.466 1.469
4 1.46488 15 11 2 15 35 88 05 41 21
0.604 1.456 1.454 1.4522 1.456 1.455 1.455 1.457 1.452 1.455
5 1.45156 19 37 7 19 48 21 91 87 34
0.699 1.443 1.442 1.4403 1.443 1.442 1.442 1.444 1.440 1.442
4 1.43981 52 03 1 52 94 79 95 80 82
0.800 1.430 1.429 1.4285 1.430 1.430 1.430 1.431 1.428 1.430
5 1.42822 84 79 8 84 43 37 87 92 34
0.908 1.418 1.417 1.4170 1.418 1.417 1.417 1.418 1.417 1.417
4 1.41674 16 65 7 16 96 95 66 23 91
T= 323.15 K
0.104 1.533 1.532 1.5313 1.533 1.533 1.531 1.534 1.531 1.533
9380

6 1.53084 60 57 0 60 19 03 49 70 14
0.204 1.514 1.513 1.5112 1.514 1.514 1.512 1.516 1.511 1.514
8 1.51079 90 26 7 90 25 70 35 88 16

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0.305 1.497 1.495 1.4931 1.497 1.496 1.495 1.499 1.493 1.496
7 1.49223 45 48 3 45 68 60 22 83 56
0.398 1.482 1.480 1.4779 1.482 1.481 1.480 1.484 1.478 1.481
5 1.47692 50 44 9 50 69 95 38 71 55
0.506 1.466 1.464 1.4620 1.466 1.465 1.465 1.468 1.462 1.465
4 1.46054 29 32 0 29 52 07 14 67 38
0.604 1.452 1.450 1.4487 1.452 1.451 1.451 1.454 1.449 1.451
5 1.44778 56 81 6 56 88 61 22 34 74
0.699 1.440 1.438 1.4369 1.440 1.439 1.439 1.441 1.437 1.439
4 1.43618 08 65 8 08 53 38 48 45 41
0.800 1.427 1.426 1.4254 1.427 1.427 1.427 1.428 1.425 1.427
5 1.42466 60 59 1 60 21 15 60 74 12
0.908 1.415 1.414 1.4140 1.415 1.414 1.414 1.415 1.414 1.414
4 1.41349 11 62 5 11 92 91 60 21 87

Table III: Experimental and theoretical n corresponding to x1 in [Bmim][Bf4] + NMA

x1 Experimen Theoretical
tal A-B L-L Eykm G-D Weine Heller Newt Edwar E-J
an r on ds
T= 293.15 K
0.10 1.545 1.544 1.542 1.545 1.544 1.542 1.546 1.5432 1.544
70 1.54384 43 21 76 43 96 98 46 3 90
0.19 1.526 1.524 1.522 1.526 1.525 1.524 1.527 1.5229 1.525
88 1.52355 16 38 29 16 48 09 71 5 38
0.30 1.506 1.504 1.502 1.506 1.506 1.505 1.508 1.5032 1.505
28 1.50384 91 85 48 91 12 21 73 1 99
0.40 1.490 1.488 1.486 1.490 1.490 1.489 1.492 1.4872 1.490
00 1.48737 94 88 51 94 15 57 81 3 01
0.49 1.476 1.475 1.472 1.476 1.476 1.475 1.478 1.4735 1.476
49 1.47286 97 05 87 97 24 87 74 2 10
0.59 1.463 1.461 1.460 1.463 1.462 1.462 1.465 1.4605 1.462
62 1.45935 54 90 03 54 92 71 09 8 79
0.69 1.451 1.450 1.448 1.451 1.450 1.450 1.452 1.4490 1.450
9381

85 1.44853 33 04 58 33 84 74 56 1 73
0.79 1.440 1.439 1.438 1.440 1.440 1.440 1.441 1.4390 1.440
69 1.43875 65 76 75 65 31 27 52 4 23

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0.90 1.430 1.429 1.429 1.430 1.429 1.429 1.430 1.4293 1.429
39 1.42907 10 67 18 10 94 93 53 2 90
T= 303.15 K
0.10 1.540 1.539 1.538 1.540 1.540 1.538 1.541 1.5384 1.540
70 1.53898 56 39 00 56 11 21 55 5 05
0.19 1.521 1.520 1.518 1.521 1.521 1.519 1.523 1.5186 1.520
88 1.51905 72 01 01 72 06 73 20 4 96
0.30 1.502 1.500 1.498 1.502 1.502 1.501 1.504 1.4993 1.501
28 1.49965 88 91 63 88 12 25 63 3 99
0.40 1.487 1.485 1.483 1.487 1.486 1.485 1.489 1.4836 1.486
00 1.48359 25 28 00 25 49 93 04 8 35
0.49 1.473 1.471 1.469 1.473 1.472 1.472 1.475 1.4702 1.472
49 1.46937 57 73 63 57 87 51 27 5 73
0.59 1.460 1.458 1.457 1.460 1.459 1.459 1.461 1.4575 1.459
62 1.45595 41 84 04 41 82 61 90 6 69
0.69 1.448 1.447 1.445 1.448 1.447 1.447 1.449 1.4462 1.447
85 1.44561 44 21 80 44 97 87 63 1 87
0.79 1.437 1.437 1.436 1.437 1.437 1.437 1.438 1.4364 1.437
69 1.43591 97 11 14 97 65 61 81 2 57
0.90 1.427 1.427 1.426 1.427 1.427 1.427 1.428 1.4268 1.427
39 1.42649 63 21 74 63 47 46 04 7 43
T= 313.15 K
0.10 1.535 1.534 1.533 1.535 1.535 1.533 1.536 1.5335 1.535
70 1.53392 58 46 12 58 15 31 54 4 09
0.19 1.517 1.515 1.513 1.517 1.516 1.515 1.518 1.5141 1.516
88 1.51425 09 45 51 09 46 17 52 1 36
0.30 1.498 1.496 1.494 1.498 1.497 1.497 1.500 1.4951 1.497
28 1.49532 59 70 48 59 86 02 28 5 73
0.40 1.483 1.481 1.479 1.483 1.482 1.481 1.484 1.4797 1.482
00 1.47951 23 33 12 23 50 96 97 8 37
0.49 1.469 1.468 1.465 1.469 1.469 1.468 1.471 1.4665 1.468
49 1.46548 78 01 97 78 11 76 43 7 97
0.59 1.456 1.455 1.453 1.456 1.456 1.456 1.458 1.4540 1.456
62 1.45195 85 33 58 85 27 07 29 8 14
0.69 1.445 1.443 1.442 1.445 1.444 1.444 1.446 1.4429 1.444
9382

85 1.44209 07 88 51 07 62 52 22 0 51
0.79 1.434 1.433 1.432 1.434 1.434 1.434 1.435 1.4332 1.434
69 1.43265 77 94 99 77 45 41 58 6 37

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0.90 1.424 1.424 1.423 1.424 1.424 1.424 1.424 1.4238 1.424
39 1.42338 58 18 72 58 43 42 98 5 39
T= 323.15 K
0.10 1.530 1.529 1.528 1.530 1.530 1.528 1.531 1.5286 1.530
70 1.52866 61 53 23 61 19 41 53 4 13
0.19 1.512 1.510 1.509 1.512 1.511 1.510 1.513 1.5095 1.511
88 1.50945 47 89 01 47 86 61 86 9 76
0.30 1.494 1.492 1.490 1.494 1.493 1.492 1.495 1.4909 1.493
28 1.49055 31 49 34 31 61 79 94 8 48
0.40 1.479 1.477 1.475 1.479 1.478 1.477 1.480 1.4758 1.478
00 1.47543 22 39 25 22 52 99 91 8 38
0.49 1.466 1.464 1.462 1.466 1.465 1.465 1.467 1.4628 1.465
49 1.46129 01 30 31 01 35 02 60 9 22
0.59 1.453 1.451 1.450 1.453 1.452 1.452 1.454 1.4506 1.452
62 1.44795 29 82 12 29 73 54 68 1 61
0.69 1.441 1.440 1.439 1.441 1.441 1.441 1.442 1.4396 1.441
85 1.43827 70 55 23 70 27 17 82 0 16
0.79 1.431 1.430 1.429 1.431 1.431 1.431 1.432 1.4301 1.431
69 1.42888 57 77 85 57 26 22 35 0 19
0.90 1.421 1.421 1.420 1.421 1.421 1.421 1.421 1.4208 1.421
39 1.42003 54 15 71 54 39 39 93 3 35

The estimated refractive index data is compared with experimental data [Table II (system
one) and Table III (system two)] and the AARD deviations are presented in Table IV.

Table IV: AARD of experimental and theoretical n data

Mixing rule AARD

T = 293.15 K T = 303.15 K T = 313.15 K T = 323.15 K
[Emim][Bf4] + NMA
A–B 0.00213 0.00237 0.00257 0.00277
L-L 0.00103 0.00129 0.00153 0.00176
Eykman 0.00024 0.00012 0.00030 0.00057
G-D 0.00213 0.00237 0.00257 0.00277
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Weiner 0.00170 0.00195 0.00216 0.00238

Heller 0.00132 0.00152 0.00169 0.00190
Newton 0.00313 0.00336 0.00353 0.00371

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Edwards 0.00018 0.00041 0.00066 0.00092

E-J 0.00163 0.00188 0.00209 0.00231
[Bmim][Bf4] + NMA
A–B 0.00187 0.00195 0.00204 0.00229
L-L 0.00039 0.00042 0.00045 0.00054
Eykman 0.00087 0.00099 0.00112 0.00140
G-D 0.00187 0.00195 0.00204 0.00229
Weiner 0.00149 0.00158 0.00169 0.00195
Heller 0.00120 0.00130 0.00130 0.00161
Newton 0.00278 0.00282 0.00289 0.00311
Edwards 0.00037 0.00040 0.00046 0.00066
E-J 0.00142 0.00151 0.00162 0.00188

The outcomes from Table IV display that the theoretical methods are in good agreement
when compared with the experimental data. A precise examination reveals that, Edwards,
Eykman and Lorentz–Lorenz models are relatively well in agreement compared to other models
in the studied systems. The agreement of these models is subjected to the fundamental
assumptions of the relations like: molecular symmetry, shape, volume additivity etc.
IV CONCLUSIONS
In this study, viscosity and refractive index data has been evaluated for several mixture
compositions of two binary systems (system one ([Emim][Bf4] and NMA) as well as system two
([Bmim][Bf4] and NMA)) for (293.15 to 323.15) K. The nature of viscosity and refractive index
entitle that the physico-chemical behaviour of ILs ([Emim][Bf4]/ [Bmim][Bf4]) can be altered in
a desired way by adding NMA. Refractive indices estimated using several theoretical methods
are in good agreement with the experimental values. Quantitative examination of excess
properties indicate stronger interactions in [Bmim][BF4] + NMA compared to [Emim][BF4] +
NMA.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The financial support provided by DST-SERB (Project No. ECR/2016/000517 dated 24th
November, 2016) is greatly acknowledged by the authors.

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