PROJECT CLAID (Contextualized and Localized Activities Intended for Distance Learning)

Name : Date: _Score:

SCIENCE 8
Quarter 4 – Week 6 & 7
Competencies:
Analyze the roles of organisms in the cycling of materials. (S8LT-1Vi-23)
Explain how materials cycle in an ecosystem. (S8LT-1Vi-24)
Suggest ways to minimize human impact on the environment. (S8LT-1Vi-25)

Lesson: CYCLING MATERIALS IN THE ECOSYSTEM AND HOW DO

HUMAN ACTIVITIES AFFECT THE ECOSYSTEM

Objective/s:

1. Describe the roles of organisms in the cycling of materials.

2. Trace the flow of materials in the biogeochemical cycle of the ecosystem.

3.Explain how human activities affect the environment.

Key Concept:
WATER CYCLE
Water is the most precious natural resource on earth. The water cycle is the journey that
water takes as it circulates from the land to the sky and back again. Water travels and moves in
many ways. It is made up of a few main parts. Evaporation is when water vapor leaves the river,
lake, or ocean and goes into the air. It is also assisted by plants because plants transpire.
Transpiration gives evaporation a bit of a hand in getting the water vapor back into the air.
Condensation is also a part, water vapor in the air gets cold and changes back into liquid,
forming clouds. Then the clouds get heavy and water falls back to the earth's surface in the form
of rains. When water falls back to earth as precipitation, it may fall back in oceans, lakes, or
rivers or it may end up on land. It will then soak into the earth and become part of the
groundwater that plants and animals used to drink, or it may run over the soil and collect in the
oceans, lakes, or rivers where the cycle starts again.

1
Q4 Week No. 6&7 Competency Code: (S8LT-1Vi-23) (S8LT-1Vi-24) (S8LT-1Vi-25)
Competencies: Analyze the roles of organisms in the cycling of materials.
Explain how materials cycle in an ecosystem.
Suggest ways to minimize human impact on the environment.
 ACTIVITY NO.1

Direction: Read the definition below, then label the water cycle diagram.

Accumulation -the process in which

water pools in large bodies (like oceans,
seas, and lakes).

Condensation-the process in which

water vapor in the air turns into liquid
water.

Evaporation-the process in which liquid water becomes water vapor.

Precipitation-. the product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls
under gravitational pull from clouds.

Subsurface Runoff- rain, snowmelt, or other water that flows in underground streams,
drains, or sewers.

Surface Runoff-rain, snowmelt, or other that flows in the surface streams, rivers, or
canals.

Transpiration-the process in which some water within the plants evaporates into the
atmosphere. Water is first absorbed by the plant’s roots, then later exists by
evaporating through pores in the plant.

Key Concept:
CARBON-OXYGEN CYCLE Earth’s natural balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen. To understand
this cycle and its significance to living things, it is important to understand two processes:
photosynthesis and respiration. Plants and animals are very different. Animals must consume food
to obtain energy. Plants, algae, and some bacteria are producers—they can make their food.
Photosynthesis is the process by which organisms use energy from the sun to make their food.
Simple sugars, such as glucose, are the food that is made. These sugars contain carbon from carbon
dioxide. During photosynthesis, plants and other producers get carbon dioxide from the air or water.
Some of this carbon dioxide comes from people and other animals that release it when they breathe.
Excess oxygen is released from the leaves into the air. Plants use some of the glucose for energy,
store some to use later, and use some to build plant parts. All living things need the energy to live
and grow. Respiration is the process by which living things break down nutrients to release stored
energy. The energy released is used for many life processes. During respiration, oxygen is used.
Carbon dioxide and water are given off as waste products.
2
Q4 Week No. 6&7 Competency Code: (S8LT-1Vi-23) (S8LT-1Vi-24) (S8LT-1Vi-25)
Competencies: Analyze the roles of organisms in the cycling of materials.
Explain how materials cycle in an ecosystem.
Suggest ways to minimize human impact on the environment.
 ACTIVITY NO.2

A. Directions: Fill in the blanks with either “OXYGEN” or “CARBON DIOXIDE”

1.Animals take in and release .

2.Plants take in _ and release_ .

B. Answer the following questions briefly:

1. What process adds carbon to the atmosphere?

2. What process removes carbon from the atmosphere?

3. Why is the carbon dioxide–oxygen cycle important for all living things?

Key concept:
NITROGEN CYCLE
Nitrogen makes up 78 percent of Earth’s atmosphere. It is also an important part of living
things. Nitrogen is found in proteins, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll. The nitrogen cycle moves
nitrogen through the abiotic and biotic parts of ecosystems. Even though nitrogen gas makes up
most of Earth's atmosphere, plants cannot use this nitrogen gas to make organic compounds for
themselves and other organisms. The two nitrogen atoms in a molecule of nitrogen gas are held
together by a very stable triple bond. This bond must be broken for the nitrogen to be used. The
nitrogen gas must be changed to a form called nitrates, which plants can absorb through their
roots. The process of changing nitrogen gas to nitrates is called nitrogen fixation. It is carried
out by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The bacteria live in soil and roots of legumes, such as peas.
When plants and other organisms die, decomposers break down their remains. In the process,
they release nitrogen in the form of ammonium ions. This process is called ammonification.
Nitrifying bacteria change the ammonium ions into nitrites and nitrates. Some of the nitrates are
used by plants. The process of converting ammonium ions to nitrites or nitrates is called
nitrification. Still, other bacteria, called denitrifying bacteria, convert some of the nitrates in the
soil back into nitrogen gas in a process called denitrification. The process is the opposite of
nitrogen fixation. Denitrification returns nitrogen gas to the atmosphere, where it can continue
the nitrogen cycle. 3
Q4 Week No. 6&7 Competency Code: (S8LT-1Vi-23) (S8LT-1Vi-24) (S8LT-1Vi-25)
Competencies: Analyze the roles of organisms in the cycling of materials.
Explain how materials cycle in an ecosystem.
Suggest ways to minimize human impact on the environment.
 ACTIVITY 3

Directions: Complete the sentence using the words in the box.

atmosphere 78% ammonia proteins denitrificating

Nitrogen-fixing waste plants animals nitrate

1. Our atmosphere is _ nitrogen gas.

2. Animals and plants cannot directly use all nitrogen found in the _ __.

3. Only special bacteria can directly use all the nitrogen in our atmosphere and “fix” it
so other organisms can benefit. These bacteria are called __
bacteria.

4. Higher organisms use nitrogen to make _.

5. Anima waste decay by the action of the bacteria which create _ and
_ products rich in nitrogen and useful for plants to use again.

6. bacteria in the soil can break down the ammonia into the gaseous
form of nitrogen, which is not available for use in plants and animals.

7. In another part of the cycle, animals eat containing nitrogen, which is

again returned to the soil by animal or decaying plants and _.

4
Q4 Week No. 6&7 Competency Code: (S8LT-1Vi-23) (S8LT-1Vi-24) (S8LT-1Vi-25)
Competencies: Analyze the roles of organisms in the cycling of materials.
Explain how materials cycle in an ecosystem.
Suggest ways to minimize human impact on the environment.
 ACTIVITY 4

Directions: Give the effects of the following activities of humans that affect the
ecosystem and write an action to avoid this effect.

HUMAN ACTIVITIES EFFECTS POSSIBLE ACTIONS TO

DO
1.Monoculture
2.Herbicides and
Insecticides
3.Chemical Fertilizers

REFERENCES:
Nitrogen Cycle. (24 February 2012).Retrieved March 6, 2021 from
https://www.ck12.org/biology/nitrogen-cycle/lesson/Nitrogen-Cycle-BIO/
The Carbon Dioxide Cycle. Retrieved March 4, 2021, from
http://amefifth.weebly.com/uploads/2/3/1/4/23140572/carbon_dioxide_oxygen_cycle
_rdg.pdf
Water Cycle. Wikipedia.com. Retrieved March 4, 2021from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_cycle
Grade 8 Science Learner’s Module. Department of Education. pp. 288-289.

Prepared by:

Harvey Wayne M. Atanante

Editors:

Dr. Marlowe Louis F. Fabunan Dr. Marlowe Louis F. Fabunan Maribel D.Ganeb
Content Language Layout

Approved:

Roxane S. Villanueva
Education Program Supervisor, Science

5
Q4 Week No. 6&7 Competency Code: (S8LT-1Vi-23) (S8LT-1Vi-24) (S8LT-1Vi-25)
Competencies: Analyze the roles of organisms in the cycling of materials.
Explain how materials cycle in an ecosystem.
Suggest ways to minimize human impact on the environment.
 6
Q4 Week No. 6&7 Competency Code: (S8LT-1Vi-23) (S8LT-1Vi-24) (S8LT-1Vi-25)
Competencies: Analyze the roles of organisms in the cycling of materials.
Explain how materials cycle in an ecosystem.
Suggest ways to minimize human impact on the environment.