1.Earthing is to divert excess current , Mainly for personnel protection.

2.Static charges can be discharged through grounding.

3.Ship’s electrical distribution system is of 3 phase 3 wire system – Keep in mind no neutral.

4.Low voltage ships ( With Voltage less than 1000V) will have insulated system (Star point not
earthed).

5.High voltage ships will have earthed neutral system (Star point earthed via Neutral earthing
resistor.

6.KVA is the apparent power or available power

7.KW is the power actually consumed.

8.Power factor cos(phi) is the ratio between active power to the apparent power

9.Alternator stator is star connected and rotor will have only one winding. By connecting it in star
line voltage will be equal to √3 of phase voltage. So Less no of turns of winding(Reduces copper loss ,
increases efficiency).

10.Motors are connected in delta connection (Torque α (phi times current)) . In delta connection
Line current will be equal to √3 of phase current.

11. Current limiting reactor in series will safeguard against changes in current .

12.Fusses are provided against short circuit protection .Fusses is the primary protections for cables
and secondary protection for circuit breaker .

13.High rupturing capacity fusses have insulator surrounding them which will be able to withstand
high current and thereby safely interrupting the circuit.

14.Circuit breaker overloads trips to be tested only in their racked out position .

15.Reverse power trip to be tried out insitu and while running parallel.

16.Emergency generator is not provided with Reverse power trip .And the EG ACB have an interlock
with Tie breaker.

17.All electrical regulation are governed by IACS(SOLAS) and IEC.

18.Always remember flow of charges is from cathode to anode.

19.In a battery trickle charging is done to compensate for local action (Between cathode and anode
where battery is idealling or not delivering to load).

20.Before any electrical maintenance(work) follow Lock out and Tag out(LOTO) , Static charges to be
grounded and permit to work is to be obtained from C/E who is the authorised person.

21.When C/E is doing any electrical maintenance or going for any inspection on electrical system
then 2/E or EO can become authorising person if they had done HV course management level.
22.Arc welding transformer (AC) current is varied by changing the reluctance of secondary coil of the
transformer.

24.Welding can be done with DC using rectifier weld transformer.

25.Comparitively DC (P=VI) current will be more than AC(P=VI cos(phi)) with respect to welding .

26.In arc welding base metal is heated and filler material is used to fill or weld . Low hydrogen
electrode to be used onboard ships if hydrogen is absorb during welding it will make the weldment
brittle.

27.Gas welding – Example bracing we will use oxy acetylene (1.8% LFL) now in near future it is
expected that oxy hydrogen (4% LEL) will supersede it .

28. Fusion welding – Friction welding, Friction stir welding, laser welding, electron beam welding,
plasma welding.

29.In high pressure system pipelines sealing is done by metal to metal contact.

30.Valve tightness is to be checked only by Persian blue impression method. Thin smear of Persian
blue to be applied on valve seat and valve kept on top of it and rotated 90 degrees should have at
least 85% contact area of valve should have impression.

31.Reducer increases velocity and decreases pressure .

32. Diffuser increases pressure and decreases velocity.

33.Turbo charger Nozzle ring is same as reducer.

34.Scavenge air cooler reduces air temperature thereby reducing volume which in turn increases
density. Mass of air in the cylinder is determined by Pressure grandniece between Scavenge
receiver and inside cylinder liner, Scavenge port area ,and the time it is exposed . Thereby increasing
the density will supply more mass of air thereby reducing SFOC for same amount of power
developed.

35. Scavenge air cooler pressure drop is monitored by U tube manometer.

36.ME input power can be calculated from Indicator diagram or MIP indicator (strain gauges).

37.When designing a control system see first what is required, select the transducer, Decide the set
value, feed set value in the comparator, and then go for ADC and PLC.

38.Encoder gives the signal such as crank position with respect to time that will be decoded by
decoder.

39.In ALCAP purifier water in oil sensor in clean oil outlet is of capacitive sensor it works in difference
in dielectric strength between water and oil.

40.AE crankcase breather is to reduce the partial vaccum which will created by piston movement.
41.Cylinder liner polishing is been rectified by honing there by giving liner slight rough surface so
that Cyl oil will stay for some time.

42.While checking piston check for fuel impingement marks .