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6
Science
Quarter 4 – Module 1
Describe the Changes on the
Earth’s Surface as a result
of Earthquakes and Volcanic
Eruptions

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Science – Grade 6
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 1: Describe the Changes on the Earth’s Surface as
a result of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions

First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall

subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior
approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created
shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or
office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos,

brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by
their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate
and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Dinah S.Galande
Editors: Gypsy B. Corpuz, Cecille J. Miguel,PhD, Ann Fhel F.Gutierrez,
Merilyn B. Sanchez, Jenet A. Novilla, Jomarick DL. Mapindan,
Lourdes I. Esteron, Mark Clester A. Rufino
Reviewer: SDO Cabanatuan City
Illustrator: Gemmarie C.Rivas
Layout Artist: Dinah S.Galande
Management Team: May B.
Eclar
Librada M. Rubio
Ma. Editha R. Caparas
Nestor P. Nuesca
Priscilla D. Sanchez
Romeo R. Hipolito
Ever M. Samson
Printed in the Philippines by the Department of Education–Region III–
Schools Division of Cabanatuan City
Office Address: Maharlika Highway, Bantug Norte, Cabanatuan City,
Philippines, 3100
Telefax: (044-463-7334
E-mail Address: www.cabanatuan.city@deped.gov.ph

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Science
Quarter 4 – Module 1

Describe the Changes on the

Earth’s Surface as a result
of Earthquakes and Volcanic
Eruptions

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Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Science- Grade 6 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

module on Describe the Changes on the Earth’s Surface as a result
of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and reviewed

by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the
K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore,
this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use

this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are
expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included
in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Science 6 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) module

on Describe the Changes on the Earth’s Surface as a result of
Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the

skills or competencies you are
expected to learn in the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that

aims to check what you already
know about the lesson to take. If
you get all the answers correct
(100%), you may decide to skip
this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help

you link the current lesson with
the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will

be introduced to you in various
ways such as a story, a song, a
poem, a problem opener, an
activity, or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief

discussion of the lesson. This
aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and
skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for

independent practice to solidify
your understanding and skills of
the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the
module.

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What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled
into process what you learned
from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity

which will help you transfer your
new knowledge or skill into real
life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to

evaluate your level of mastery in
achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity

will be given to you to enrich your
knowledge or skill of the lesson
learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all

activities in the module.

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At the end of this module, you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used

in developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in
mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies.
You can do it!

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What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master the skill in describing the changes on the Earth’s surface
as a result of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions (S6ES-IVa-1).

The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different

learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence
of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define an earthquake and volcanic eruptions;

2. describe how an earthquake and volcanic eruptions occur; and

3.discuss the effects of earthquake and volcanic eruptions
resulting to the changes on the Earth’s surface.

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What I Know
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What usually happens when two blocks of the Earth suddenly slip
past one another, or break apart from each other as a result of tension
caused by the prolonged energy build up ?
A. earthquake C.tsunami
B. flood D.volcanic eruption

2. What type of earthquake occurs when two tectonic plates move

suddenly against each other ?
A. explosive C.volcanic
B. non explosive D.tectonic

3. What type of earthquake occurs in areas that are associated with

volcanic activities ?
A. explosive C.volcanic
B. non explosive D.tectonic

4. Which refers to the amount of energy released by the earthquake

from its focus?
A. epicenter C. intensity
B. focus D. magnitude

5. Where is an earthquake’s epicenter found ?

A. directly above the focus C. directly above the magnitude
B. directly below the focus D. directly below the magnitude

6. What is produced when an earthquake occurs under the sea ?

A. avalanche C. landslide
B. fire D. tsunami

7. What do you call the opening in the earth’s crust where lava,
pyroclasts, and gases are ejected onto the surface during eruptions?
A. fault C. plate
B. mountain D. volcano

8. What occurs when hot materials from the Earth's interior are thrown
out of a volcano?
A. earthquake C. fault
B. deep trench D. volcanic eruption

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9. What type of volcanic eruption happened when the magma is thicker

and more viscous that made the gases difficult to escape?
A. mild C. violent
B. quiet D. weak

10. Which is used to measure magnitude of an earthquake ?

A. Mercalli Scale C. seismograph
B. Richter Scale D. tilt meter

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Changes on the Earth’s

Lesson
Surface as a result of
1 Earthquakes and
Volcanic Eruptions
Have you experienced an earthquake? How did you feel? What
happened to the ground? Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions can cause
changes on the Earth’s surface.

What’s In

A. Identify the different layers of the Earth. Choose your answers

from the box below. Use a separate sheet of paper to write your answers.
crust inner core lithosphere mantle outer core

1.

2.

3.
4.

https://quizlet.com/249640211/earths-interior-diagram/

B. Put a check (/) if the statement is correct or cross (x) if it is not.

Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
5.Plants and animals live on crust.
6.Mantle is the layer below Earth’s crust.
7. Core, mantle, crust are the layers of the Earth from outside to
inside.
8. Continents are part of the Earth’s crust.
9. Outer core is made up of molten iron and Nickel.
10. Crust is thinnest under the continents and thickest under the
ocean.

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What’s New

Safety Reminders:
1. Ask the help of the elderly while doing the activities.
2. Always clean your place and wash your hands after doing the
activities.
Activity 1
Simulating an Earthquake

Problem: How do earthquakes occur?

What you need:

10 pcs. of books sheet of paper (preferably long coupon bond)
pencil small cards
eraser any small objects

What you need to do:

1. Make two piles of book each with five (5) pieces of books. Put a
sheet of paper on top of the piles. Put some objects on the paper
like pencil and eraser or any small object. The book will serve as
the layers of bedrock in the Earth’s crust, and the sheet of paper
will serve as the Earth’s surface.

2. Get the small cards and draw people, animals, houses, buildings,
and trees on each of them. Then, slightly fold each half. Put the
cards on top of the paper.

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3. Slightly pull the third book from the first pile.

4. Pull the two books slightly away from the other books in the
second pile.

5. Lift slightly the last book from the second pile.

What have you found out:

1. What happened to the objects on the top of the paper when you
slightly pulled the third book from the first pile?
2. What happened to the paper as you pulled, slid, and lifted a
book from the pile?
3. What will happen to the Earth’s surface when there are
movements in the layers of bedrock in the Earth’s crust?
4. What usually happens when two blocks of the Earth suddenly
slip past one another or break apart from each other ?

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What is It
In your first activity you were able to simulate how earthquake
occurs.What happened to the Earth’s surface when there is an earthquake?

What is an earthquake?
Earthquakes are the rumbling,
shaking , or rolling of the Earth’s
surface.It is usually what happens
when two blocks of the Earth suddenly
slip past one another, or break apart
from each other as a result of tension
caused by the prolonged energy build
up. Earthquakes come in many forms.
It can be felt as shock under your feet,
or may be very powerful and
destructive enough to flatten an entire
https://img.17qq.com/images/hmogmnnc
city. They can happen anywhere,
land or sea (Mercado, 2016).

Kinds of Earthquake

1. Tectonic Earthquake when two tectonic plates move suddenly against

each other, an earthquake occurs.This kind of earthquake is known as
tectonic earthquake.

2. Volcanic Earthquake occurs in areas that are associated with volcanic

activities.As the fluid magma rises to the surface,its pressure fractures rock
masses and causes continous tremors that can be felt on small scale.

Measuring an Earthquake

Magnitude and Intensity of an Earthquake

A seismograph measures the magnitude of an earthquake.

Magnitude is the energy released by the earthquake form its focus. The
focus is the break in the ground caused by the pressure of the moving
rocks. This is the place where the earthquake originates. The ground
around above the focus is called the epicenter. It is measured using a
Richter Scale. Intensity is a measure of how much damage earthquakes
cause on the surface. The shaking is measured on the Modified Mercalli
Scale.

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Effects of an Earthquake

The destruction caused by an earthquake depends on its magnitude

and extent of shaking. High magnitude and long ground shaking during an
earthquake can damage buildings and bridges.

• Destruction of Property and Loss of Lives

The structure above the ground where strong earthquakes occur are
usually destroyed when ground ruptures occur. Ground ruptures are the
breaking and displacement of the earth’s surface along the trace of the
fault. It can destroy any structure in the area such as houses, buildings,
dams, bridges, and roads.
• Landslide and Avalanche
Earthquake can cause landslides and avalanches in mountainous
areas. Ground shaking loosens rocks and soil, which causes the rocks and
soil to slide and bury a town or area below the mountain.
• Fire
Earthquakes can cause fire. Fires can happen during an earthquake
when electrical power and gas lines break.
• Tsunami
A tsunami is a huge wave produced when an earthquake occurs
under the sea. It is formed when rocks along a fault slip.The sudden
movement of the rocks produces a shockwave through the water above it
and makes powerful waves.

Plate Boundaries and Plate Movements

Plate boundaries are areas where two plates meet. The plates move
or drift slowly. As plates move, they interact in several ways. Two plates
could collide , separate, or slide past each other. The movements of plates
help geologists explain different geological events like earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions, and the formation of oceans and continents.
Tectonic plates are composed of the rigid outer portion of the Earth ,
called lithosphere.
There are three types of plate boundaries depending on how the
plates move. Convergent Plate Boundaries occurs when tectonic plates
collide and move toward each other.Divergent Plate Boundary occurs
when two plates move apart from each other and Transform Plate
Boundary occurs when two lithospheric plates slide past each other
along transform faults. These three types of plate boundaries cause
movements in the Earth’s crust resulting to an earthquake.

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Volcanic Eruptions
A volcano is an opening in the earth’s crust where lava, pyroclasts, and
gases are ejected onto the surface during eruptions .
A volcanic eruption begins when
pressure on the magma chamber forces
magma up through the conduit and out
of the volcano’s vents (Padpad, 2015) .
Volcanologist can tell when a volcano
is about to erupt. The following are the
signs of an impending eruption,
bulging sides of the

volcano, earthquakes and gaseous

fumes (Ballon, 2014).

https://as1.ftcdn.net/jpg/01/86/86/9 Volcanic eruptions vary

0/500_F_186869050_5vuw1KAmvi5Jmfconsiderably. Eruptions may be violent,
uDk7cUuDZ1IHjEdGqZ.jpg mild or quiet. The amount of gases
dissolved in the magma, and its
composition and viscosity, are the factors that determine whether eruption
is violent or quiet.
Types of Volcanic Eruptions
• Explosive or Violent Eruptions
During explosive eruption, the lava ejected is torn into shreds,
forming pieces of pyroclastic materials called tephra.The composition of
magma affects the volcanic activity.When magma contains more silica, the
magma is thicker and more viscous. In this case, the eruption is a violent
one, releasing huge amount of tephra.
• Quiet Non-Explosive Eruption
Basaltic magma has relatively low silica readily from it.It is less
viscous and gases can escape readily from it. As a result , the volcanic
eruption is mild and a gentle flow of lava follows (Padpad, 2015).

Effects of Volcanic Eruptions

Volcanic eruptions can cause damage to plants, animals, people, and

property. During a volcanic eruption, very hot lava flows can burn anything
in its path. The mudflow or lahar can cause landslides, flooding, and
immense damage to buildings and farms. Very strong eruptions can also
trigger earthquakes (Sarte, 2016).

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What’s More

Activity 1.

Match the descriptions in column A with the items in column B.

Write the letter of the correct answers on a separate sheet of paper.
A B

1. It is the energy released by the

A. earthquakes
earthquake form its focus.
2. It is an opening in the earth’s
B. volcanic earthquakes
crust where lava, pyroclasts, and
gases are ejected onto the surface
during eruptions .
3. It is a measure of how much
C. magnitude
damage earthquakes cause on
the surface.
4. It occurs when two plates
move apart from each other. D. epicenter

5. It is a huge wave produced

when an earthquake occurs E. intensity
under the sea.
6. These are the areas where two
plates meet. F. divergent plate boundaries

7. It is the rumbling, shaking , or

rolling of the Earth’s surface. G. tsunami

8. The magma is less viscous and

gases can escape readily from it. H. volcano

9. It is the ground above the

focus. I. quiet non-explosive eruption

10. It occurs in areas that are

associated with volcanic J. convergent plate boundaries
activities.

K. plate boundaries

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Activity 2.
Write TRUE if the statement is correct or FALSE if it is not. Use a
separate sheet of paper to write your answers.

1. Earthquakes usually happen when two blocks of the Earth suddenly slip
past one another, or break apart from each other as a result of tension
caused by the prolonged energy build up.
2. The movements of plates help geologists explain different geological
events like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of oceans
and continents.

3. Tectonic earthquake occurs in areas that are associated with volcanic

activities..

4. A volcanic eruption begins when pressure on the magma chamber

forces magma up through the conduit and out the volcano’s vents.

5. The focus is the break in the ground caused by the pressure of the
moving rocks.

6. The amount of gases dissolved in the magma, and its composition and
viscosity, are the factors that determine whether eruption is violent or
quiet.

7. The destruction caused by an earthquake depends on its magnitude and

extent of shaking.

8. Fires can happen during an earthquake when electrical power and gas
lines break.

9. Divergent plate boundaries occur when tectonic plates collide and move
toward each other.
10. During explosive eruption, the lava ejected is torn into shreds, forming
pieces of pyroclastic materials called tephra.

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Activity 3.
Unscramble the letters to find the hidden words.Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.
A B
1. AKEQUTHEAR
2. TEPLA RIESABOUND
3. FORMTRASN TEPLA
4. ANOVOLC
5. NICCAVOL TIONPURE
6. GENTVERCON DARIESBOUND
7. NICCAVOL QUAKEEARTH
8. PLOSIVEEX TIONERUP
9. TUDENIMAG
10. TERRICH LESCA
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It is the rumbling,shaking,or
rolling of the Earth’s surface.
These are the areas where two
plates meet.
It is a type of boundary that occurs
when two lithospheric plates slide
past each other
along transform faults.
It is an opening in the earth’s crust
where lava, pyroclasts, and gases
are ejected onto the surface during
eruption.
It begins when pressure on the
magma chamber forces magma up
through the conduit and out of the
volcano’s vents.
It occurs when two plates collide
and move toward each other.
It occurs in areas that are
associated with volcanic activities.
The lava ejected is torn into shreds,
forming pieces of pyroclastic
materials called tephra.
It is the energy released by the
earthquake from its focus.
It is used to measure the
magnitude of an earthquake.
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What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Choose your answers
from the box. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
earthquake magnitude tsunami volcano

epicenter mild volcanic focus

explosive tectonic volcanic eruption

(1) are the rumbling, shaking , or rolling of

the Earth’s surface. (2) earthquake occurs when two
tectonic plates move suddenly against each other. (3)
earthquake occurs in areas that are associated with volcanic
activities. (4) is the energy released by the earthquake
form its focus. The ground around above the focus is called the
(5) . A (6) is a huge wave produced when an
earthquake occurs under the sea.
A (7) is an opening in the earth’s crust where
lava, pyroclasts, and gases are ejected onto the surface during
eruptions.(8) begins when pressure on the magma
chamber forces magma up through the conduit and out the volcano’s
vents.
The greater the viscosity of the magma,the more difficult
it is for the gases to escape from it.In this case, the eruption is a
(9) one, releasing huge volumes of tephra.Basaltic
magma has relatively low silica content. It is less viscous and gases
can escape readily from it. As a result,the volcanic eruption is
(10) and a gentle flow of lava follows.

What I Can Do

Make a research about the 1990 Luzon earthquake and answer

the following questions. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. When did the 1990 Luzon earthquake happen ?

2. What is its magnitude ?

3. Where is the epicenter of the 1990 Luzon earthquake ?

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