Consider a microcontroller system that includes an 8-bit timer with a prescaler of 64.

The system clock frequency is 16 MHz. Suppose we want to generate an interrupt

every 10 milliseconds using this timer.

a) What is the maximum possible time delay we can achieve with this timer using the
prescaler of 64?

b) What is the minimum and maximum values that we can load into the timer
register to generate an interrupt every 10 milliseconds?

c) Suppose we want to use the same timer to generate a pulse-width modulated

(PWM) signal with a duty cycle of 75%. What value should we load into the timer
register and how frequently should we update it to achieve this duty cycle?

d) If we want to use an interrupt service routine (ISR) to update the PWM duty cycle,
how frequently should the ISR be executed to achieve a resolution of 1% in the duty
cycle?

Consider a microcontroller-based system that needs to read data from a temperature

sensor every 1 second and update an LCD display with the current temperature. The
microcontroller is running at a clock frequency of 16 MHz and has an 8-bit ADC
module with a maximum conversion time of 100 microseconds. The LCD display
requires 50 microseconds for each write operation.

a) Calculate the maximum sampling frequency of the ADC that can be achieved
without missing any data from the temperature sensor.

b) If the temperature sensor has an output voltage range of 0 to 2.5 V and the ADC
has a resolution of 10 bits, what is the smallest detectable temperature difference
that can be resolved by the system?

c) If the microcontroller also needs to perform other tasks besides reading the
temperature sensor and updating the LCD display, such as communicating with other
devices through UART or SPI interfaces, what techniques can be used to ensure that
all tasks are executed within the required time constraints? Explain your answer.