P age |1

SENTENCE: - A group of words arranged in a proper way that gives a complete meaning is called as Sentence.
Examples: -

 Ram is a boy.

 The sun rises in the East.

 Honesty is the best policy.

Parts of a Sentence: - There are generally two main parts of Sentence. They are:-
a) Subject

b) Predicate

a) Subject:

-The person, place or thing we are talking about in a sentence is called as the Subject.

Examples:

 The house is a place where we live. (Here the house is the subject)

 Sameer is a good student. (Here Sameer is the subject)

 Computer is a machine. (Here Computer is the subject)

b) Predicate:

-The thing we are talking about the subject in a sentence is called as the Predicate.

-Except the subject, the rest part of the sentence is the predicate.

Examples:

 The house is a place where we live. (Here is a place where we live is the predicate)

 Sameer is a good student. (Here is a good student is the predicate)

 Computer is a machine. (Here is a machine is the predicate)

Notes created by – Pritam Meher | CHANDRA ACADEMY

 P age |2

Types of Sentences

Affirmative / Imperative Interrogative Exclamatory

Assertive Sentence Sentence Sentence Sentence

Positive Negetive Yes/No Interogative

W/H Interrogative
Affirmative Affirmative

1. TYPES OF SENTENCES:-
a. Affirmative Sentence:-

-The sentences which declare a statement or opinion are called as Affirmative Sentences.

-They begin with a capital letter and ends with a full stop (.).

-There are two types of Affirmative Sentences. They are -

 Positive Affirmative
 Negative affirmative

Examples:-

The teacher is going to the classroom. (Statement)

She is a good singer. (Declaration)

The sun rises in the east. (Universal truth)

He is not going to the party. (Negative statement)

b. Imperative Sentences:-

-The sentences which express an order, request, command, suggestion, warning or advice are called as Imperative
Sentences.

-They begin with a capital letter and ends with a full stop (.).

-Imperative Sentences generally begin with a verb or requesting words.

Examples:-

Get out. (Command)

Notes created by – Pritam Meher | CHANDRA ACADEMY
 P age |3

Stand up. (Command)

Please be patient. (Request)

Always speak the truth. (Advice)

Let’s go to the book fair. (Suggestion)

Beware of the wild animals. (Warning)

c. Interrogative Sentences:-

-The sentences which ask a question are called as Interrogative Sentences.

-They begin with a Wh word or with a verb and ends with a question mark (?).

-There are two types of Interrogative Sentences. They are:- a. Wh questions

b. Yes/no questions

*Wh question starts with a Wh word such as – what, where, when, how, why, etc.

*Yes/No questions are those whose answers will be YES or NO.

Examples:-

Who are you? (Wh question)

What are you doing? (Wh question)

How is your study going? (Wh question)

Do you like to sing? (Yes/No question)

Have you got a pet? (Yes/No question)

d. Exclamatory Sentences:-

-The sentences which express a sudden feeling of happiness, joy, sorrow, surprise, wish or greetings are called as
Exclamatory Sentences.

-They begin with a Wh word or with exclamatory words like – Alas, Hurray, etc.

-They end with an Exclamation mark (!).

Examples:-

What a beautiful flower it is! (expressing surprise)

Hurray! We have won the match (expressing joy)

Alas! He is no more. (expressing sorrow)

Notes created by – Pritam Meher | CHANDRA ACADEMY

 P age |4

What a pleasant surprise! (expressing sudden feeling of surprise)

Good Morning! Have a nice day. (wish/ greeting)

2. Parts of Speech:-
There are mainly eight parts of speech. They are:-

 Noun
 Pronoun
 Verb
 Adjective
 Adverb
 Preposition
 Conjunction
 Interjection

Noun:-
-The name of any person, place or thing is called as a Noun.

Examples- house, boy, child, plane, train, pen, mother, child, Delhi, Math, Ram, Shyam, Prabhu, etc.

Types of Noun:-
There are originally five types of Nouns. They are:-

 Proper Noun
 Common Noun
 Abstract Noun
 Collective Noun
 Material noun / Concrete Noun

a) Proper Noun:

-The noun which refers to the name of a particular or specific person, place or thing can be called as a Proper Noun.

-Proper noun includes personal names, name of place, name of company, title of book, film or songs, etc.

Examples: France, Google, Tom, Science, Gulliver’s Travel, etc

 Tom reads in Class VI. (Here Tom is the proper noun.)

 Bhubaneswar is the capital of Odisha. (Here both Bhubaneswar and Odisha are proper noun.)

Notes created by – Pritam Meher | CHANDRA ACADEMY

 P age |5

b) Common Noun:

-The noun which is used to refer to a group of people, things, animals or a whole community or class belonging to
the same kind can be called as Common Noun.

-It is not the name of any particular person or thing or place.

Examples: boy, girl, dog, class, city, village, lawyer, teacher, student, etc.

 The boy helped his mother in her work. (Here boy is the common noun.)

 The village is situated near the Godavari. (Here village is the common noun.)

c) Abstract Noun:

-The type of noun which refers to idea, quality, or condition or feelings is called as Abstract Noun.

-They can’t be seen or touched, but they can be felt.

Examples: happiness, sorrow, heat, strength, courage, cold, poverty, pain, love, etc.

 He is in deep pain. (Here pain is the abstract noun)

 His happiness knew no bounds. (Here happiness is the abstract noun)

d) Collective Noun:

-The noun or a name given to a group of people, animals or things is called as Collective Noun.

-It is actually a collection people, animals or things.

Examples: swarm, herd, pack, gang, bunch, pride, flock, colony, etc

 A flock of sheep. (Here flock is the collective noun.)

 A swarm of bees. (Here swarm is the collective noun.)

 A gang of robbers. (Here gang is the collective noun.)

e) Material Noun:

-The name or the noun which refers to all the non-living things is called as Material Noun.

-It is also called as Concrete Noun.

Examples: pen, book, bike, computer, pencil, table, cap, bag, etc.

 The book is red in color. (Here book is the material noun.)

 The house is very big. (Here house is the material noun.)

Notes created by – Pritam Meher | CHANDRA ACADEMY

 P age |6

 The table is made of wood. (Here table is the material noun.)

Genders of Noun:-
There are four genders of noun. They are –

 Masculine gender
 Feminine gender
 Common gender
 Neuter gender

a. Masculine gender: - All the male dominating nouns or names have masculine gender, such as: - boy, man, king,
prince, gentleman, bull, actor, etc.

b. Feminine gender: - All the female dominating nouns or names have feminine gender, such as: - girl, woman,
queen, lady, cow, actress, etc.

c. Common gender: - The noun that refers to both male and female gender is said to be have a common gender,
such as teacher, student, kid, police, librarian, clerk, etc.

d. Neuter gender: - All the non-living things have neuter gender. In simple words the noun, that doesn’t have any
gender is said to be have neuter gender. Such as:- pen, pencil, book, bike, computer, cap, bag, etc.

Notes created by – Pritam Meher | CHANDRA ACADEMY