WORD FORM 1

Exerise 1
A successful failure
If there is one historical figure that has been regarded as a failure during his lifetime by so many biographers
and yet is remembered by secondary school history students as a (1) (LEGEND) _LEGENDARY_______________
explorer and campaigner, it is David Livingstone.
As an explorer, he erred (2) (DISASTER) DISASTROUSLY______________ in thinking that that the
Zambezi river was navigable and he misidentified the source of the Nile. In addition, by the time he died, his
campaign against the East African slave trade had had (3) (DISAPPOINT) DISAPPOINTINGLY______________
little success. He was not much better as a husband or father, either, leaving his family behind for years as he
trampled thousands of miles over (4) (HOSPITALITY) _INHOSPITABLE____________ rugged African terrain.
Despite his mistakes and the fact that his behaviour was often less than (5) (EXAMPLE)
EXEMPLARY____________ he deserved more recognition than he has been given by experts. Indeed, there were
values he (6)(BODY)_EMBODIED_____________ that have held him in high esteem in some circles. He found the
(7) (TREAT) __MALTREATMENT___________ of the blacks ensnared in the booming African slave trade so (8)
(TASTE) ___DISTASTEFUL___________ that he fought (9)(TIRE) TIRELESSLY__________________ to stamp
it out. His attempts may have failed during his active campaign but in the year after his death, the Sultan of Zanzibar
signed a treaty with Britain guaranteeing the (10) (ABOLISH) ABOLITION______________ of the East African
slave trade, an agreement Livingstone had dreamed of.

Exercise 2
When (1-MUSE) __MUSING__________on cities over time and in our time, from the first (whenever it was)
to today, we must always remember that cities are (2-FACT)___ARTIFACTS_________. Forests, jungles, deserts,
plains, oceans – the organic environment is born and dies and is (3-BEAR)_REBORN___________ endlessly,
beautifully, and completely without moral constraint or (4-ETHIC)_ETHICAL___________ control. But cities,
despite the metaphors that we apply to them from biology or nature (“The city dies when industry flees”; “The
neighborhoods are the vital cells of the urban (5-ORGANIC)_ORGANISM___________”), despite the
anthropomorphic or (6-SENTIMENT)___SENTIMENTAL_________ devices we use to describe cities – are
artificial. Nature has never made a city, and what Nature makes that may seem like a city – an anthill, for instance –
only seems like one. It is not a city.
Human (7-BE)_BEINGS___________ made and make cities, and it is they, only, that kill cities or let them
die. And they do both – make cities and (8-MAKE)__UNMAKE__________ cities, by the same means: by (9-
ACT)___ACTS_________ of choice. We enjoy deluding ourselves in this as in other things. We enjoy believing
that there are forces out there completely (10-DISPOSE)_PREDISPOSING___________ our fate, natural forces, or
forces so strong and overwhelming that send cities through organic and biological phases of birth, growth, and
decay.

Exercise 3
THE WORLD TODAY
One way to stay abreast of and have intelligent opinion on global issues is by reading The World Today. By
doing this you will receive a regular and …UNBIASED…………… (1. BIAS) briefing on the people and events
that shape our world. Each week, this publication …UNTANGLES……………. (2. TANGLE) the important issues
through concise, informative and challenging articles. The most complex subjects are presented with……
CLARITY…………………… (3. CLEAR), so you will acquire an …IN-DEPTH……………….. (4. DEEP) and
focused knowledge of countries, industries and topics of worldwide concern. The World Today is ……
UNSURPASSED………….. (5. SURPASS) for the quality of its reporting. Regular feature articles examine a
range of………CONTENTIOUS…………… (6. CONTEND) issues, from international trade wars to the
exploitation of ……REFUGEES……………….. (7. REFUGE).
In short, The World Today makes the world a little more comprehensible. A …
SUBSCRIPTION…………………… (8. SUBSCRIBE) to The World Today is a sound business decision. Take
advantage of our exclusive introductory offer: you can save 55% off the usual price if you return your order within
the next 21 days. The price includes free …DELIVERY………….… (9. DELIVER) and immediate access to our
online library. Now is …UNQUESTIONABLY…………………… (10. QUESTION) the right time to join many
of the world’s business and national leaders who read The World Today.
Exercise 4
DON’T JUDGE A BOOK BY ITS COVER
The magical world of (0) LITERATE __LITERACY_________was first revealed to me when I was still
young enough to be held (1- COMFORT) _COMFORTABLY__________ on my father’s lap. To my (2-
IMPRESS) __IMPRESSIONABLE_________young mind, my father’s reading aloud to me could only be bettered
by the process of preparation which immediately preceded it. Choosing the book, holding it (3-CARESS)
____CARESSINGLY_______in one’s hands, admiring the jacket, and, finally, opening it to the first page to begin,
seemed to me akin to following the rites of some sort of (4-CEREMONY) _CEREMONIAL__________occasion.
To the dedicated reader, every book has its own distinct smell. A book just purchased from one’s favorite
book shop exudes a wonderful bouquet of printer’s ink, leather and binding glue. Because of its “yet to be
discovered” content, I tend to treat a new book as I would a (5- NEW) _NEWLY__________acquired (6-
ACQUAINT) __ACQUAINTANCE_________.That is, while both new books and new friends have to be treated
(7-COURTESY) _COURTEOUSLY__________ one still feels comfortable with them due to an (8- INSTINCT)
__INSTINCTIVE_________sense that whispers that warm, lasting (9-RELATE)
RELATIONSHIPS___________are sure to follow.
An old book, on the other hand, is a horse of a different color. On opening it, one’s nostrils are assailed by an
odor that a non-book lover would (10- DISDAIN) DISDAINFULLY___________describe as simply ‘musty’. To
the true book connoisseur, however, this scent elicits enchanting memories of Christmases past, pressed roses, cedar
chests and autumn leaves burning in the back yard. To the devout reader, an old book smells of nostalgia.

Exercise 5
INTERNET JOBS Answer
Contrary to popular belief, one does not have to be a trained (1. 1. ………PROGRAMMER……
PROGRAM) to work online. Of course, there are plenty of jobs (2. 2. ………AVAILABLE………
AVAIL) for people with high-tech computer skills, but the growth of new 3. ………MINIMUM…………
media has opened up a wide range of Internet career opportunities requiring 4. ……EXPERTISE
only a (3. MINIMIZE) level of technical (4. EXPERT). Probably one of the 5. ……POSITION…………
most well-known online job opportunities is the job of webmaster. 6. …QUALIFICATIONS…
However, it is hard to define one basic job description for this (5. POSE). 7. ………PARTICULAR………
The (6. QUALIFY) and responsibilities depend on what tasks a (7. PART) 8. …SPECIFY………………
organization needs a webmaster to perform. 9. ……INDEPENDENTLY
To (8. SPECIAL) the job description of a webmaster, one needs to identify 10..…IN-DEPTH
the hardware and software the website the webmaster will manage is
running on. Different type of hardware and software require different skill
sets to manage them. Another key factor is whether the website will be
running internally (at the firm itself) or externally (renting shared space on
the company servers). Finally, the responsibilities of a webmaster also
depend on whether he or she will be working (9. DEPEND), or whether the
firm will provide people to help. All of these factors need to be considered
before one can create an accurate webmaster job description. Webmaster is
one type of Internet career requiring (10. DEEP) knowledge of the latest
computer applications.

Exercise 6
This is the story of an (21)_EXTRAORDINARY__________(ORDINARY) quest. It begins in a small and
(22)__INSIGNIFICANT________(SIGNIFY) place on a tributary one thousand miles up the River Amazon and
ends in a city of a million people. Between the fears with which my journey started and the new,(23)________
(SAD) understanding of my return to civilization lies an experience that was for me both exhilarating and
(24)__UNSETTLING________(SETTLE). I went there because I wanted to examine my relationship with and
thoughts about, the natural world, and I chose the Amazon because in spite of many recent changes, it remains the
greatest single expression of (25)_UNTAMED______(TAME) nature on this planet.
The vast area has inspired dreams and (26)_NIGHTMARES_________(NIGHT) ever since reports of the
river and forest reached Europe in 1500. Even the name men gave it was (27)
_MYTERIOUS__________(MYSTERY), based on highly (28)__SPECULATIVE________(SPECULATE)
accounts from early explorers in the region, of female (29)_WARRIORS______(WAR) similar to the Amazons of
Greek mythology. But soon even this mighty rain forest will be broken up into mere patches of
(30)_WILDERNESS__________(WILD), disciplined between roads and fields, towns and plantations, and I
wanted to see it while it was still outside man’s control.
Between the fears with which my journey started and the new, saddened understanding of my return to civilization
lies an experience that was for me both exhilarating and unsettling
Exercise 7
REBUILDING COVENTRY
In the late 30s, (1. ANALYSE)___ANALYSTS____ knew that the centre of the historic town of Coventry in
the West Midlands needed to be redeveloped. Plans had to be
(2. SHELF)_SHELVED_____ when the Second World War started in 1939. However, the architects’
opportunity (3. MATERIAL)_MATERIALIZED_____ when the city centre was practically destroyed during the
war. Many buildings were (4. REPAIR) IRREPARABLY_____ damaged and demolition work began. Aiming to
create a much more (5. SPACE) SPACIOUS______ area for (6. RESIDE)_RESIDENTS______ to work and shop
in, town planners came up with a radical idea. They would make the city more (7.
INHABIT)_HABITABLE______ by (8. PEDESTRIAN) _PERDESTRIANISING_____ the centre, preventing
cars entering. There were objections from local shopkeepers, who thought that it would have an impact on trade,
but the planners went ahead. What was once a (9. DENSE)_DENSELY_______ populated area became a pleasant,
attractive place to visit. It was a real
(10. ARCHITECT)_ARCHITECTURAL______ achievement, one that many British towns have emulated
since.

Exercise 8
A man takes a single (1. SPOON ) ..SPOONFUL............. of a substance and puts it in his mouth.
Instantly he is transported to another world, a place of surreal visions and (2. SWIRL) .SWIRLING..................
colours. He rushes (3. HEAD) ...HEADLONG................ into this parallel universe. What is this terrifying
compound with the power to induce such a mind-blowing trip? Is it some kind of drug that makes the user (4.
HALLUCINATORY) ...HALLUCINATE................ ? No, it’s just a humble cereal ad on TV. The Fruity Wheat
ad is the latest in a long line of controversial ads whose (5. IMAGE) .IMAGERY.................. appears to draw on
the effects of mind-altering substances. Colin Rees of the ‘Stop TV Advertising’ group, said: ‘I find this and other
such ads totally (6. ACCEPT) ........UNACCEPTABLE........... . Take this stuff and you will experience something
out of this world– the (7. IMPLY) .IMPLICATION.................. of the ad seems clear to me. The companies who
make them will say that any relation to drugs is just one interpretation of the advert, and not one that they intended.
When I complained about this ad, I was told that it didn’t contain any (8.
CONSCIOUS) ..SUBCONCIOUS................. messages. I thought that was a bit rich – I think the message in it is
(9. BLATANT) BLALANTLY................... obvious! And I don’t think we should be giving TV viewers any (10.
COURAGE) .ENCOURAGEMENT.................. in that respect.

Exercise 9
In Totteridge, in north London, there is a yew tree estimated to be between 1,000 and
2,000 years old. This tree, however, is a mere youngster in comparision with others of
the species. The record in the UK is held by a yew in Scotland that is thought to be
between 4,000 and 5,000 years old. However, such trees are becoming (1) 1.INCREASINGLY
…………………. .rare and the Totteridge specimen was considered of (2) 2.SUFFICIENT
………………………. importance to be named in 1999 as one of the 41 ‘great trees’ 3.UNDOUBTEDLY
in London. Like many yews, the Totteridge tree (3) ………………..predates the 4.MAINTENANCE
buildings around it and its exact age is unknown. 5.STABILITY
The Totteridge tree needs little (4) …….................... Some of its outer branches hang 6.INTENTIONS
down so low that they have taken root. But this is part of the tree’s natural architecture 7.READILY
and contributes to its (5) ……………………………… in high winds. With the best of 8.DIVERSITY
(6) ……..……… , ancient yew sites are often tidied up with no benefit to the tree. 9.REMOVAL
Dead branches are not (7) …….. …………..shed by the tree and their wood harbours 10.UNATTRACTIVE
a multitude of insects, an inseparable part of the old tree’s natural (8)
……....................
Something of the tree’s history is lost with the (9) …….. …………..of dead wood.
After
all, the decaying, twisted and (10) …….. parts give the tree character
Exercise 10
FOOD MILES
In Britain, what is described as ‘food miles’, the distance which food is transported from the place where it is grown
to its point of sale, continues to rise. This has major economic, social and environmental consequences, given the
traffic congestion and pollution which (1. VARIABLE) _INVARIABLY_____ follow.
According to (2. PRESS) _PRESSURE_____ groups, the same amount of food was travelling 50 per cent further
than twenty years ago. What’s more, the rise in the demand for road haulage over this period has mostly been due to
the transport of food and drink. The groups assert that the increase in the number of lorry journeys is (3. EXCEED)
EXCESSIVE______ and that many of these are far from (4. ESSENCE) _ESSENTIAL_____.
In the distribution systems employed by British food (5. RETAIL) RETAILERS______, fleets of lorries bring all
goods into more (6. CENTRE) CENTRALLY______ located warehouses for redistribution across the country. (7.
LOGIC) ILLOGICALLY______ as this might appear, the situation whereby some goods get sent back to the same
areas from which they came is (8. AVOID) UNAVOIDABLE______.
In response to scathing (9. CRITIC) CRITICISM______from environmentalists, some food distributors now aim to
minimize the impact of food miles by routing vehicles, wherever possible, on motorways after dark. This
encourages greater energy (10. EFFICIENT) EFFICIENCY______ whilst also reducing the impact on the
residential areas through which they would otherwise pass.

Exercise 11
WORKING AT A THEME PARK
Working as a Personal (0) Assistant (ASSIST) at a theme park can be a lot of fun. It can offer a varied role and a
friendly teamwork atmosphere, (1) (ACCORD)__ACCORDING___________ to Suzy Baines who has worked at
one of the largest in England for 15 years. Suzy is now PA to the theme park's Head of
(2) (MARKET)MARKETING_____________. As she says, in her job, no two days are the same. "I can't imagine
working anywhere else - it really is so much fun. Apart from PA duties, I organize
(3) (CONFER)__CONFERENCES___________ and the (4) (PRESENT)_PRESENTATIONS____________ our
staff make at them, and take the minutes in meetings. The staff here are a
(5) (CREATE)__CREATIVE___________ bunch, and so I get involved in the planning of new attractions. But my
main job is to act as a (6)  (COMMUNICATE)__COMMUNICATOR___________. I produce a weekly news-sheet
for staff to keep them up-to-date with all the latest (7)  (DEVELOP)_DEVELOPMENTS____________. We have
around 550 permanent staff and a further 1,300 work here on a (8)  (SEASON)_SEASONAL____________ basis
during the summer months. The people here are all like family and everybody
(9) (GENUINE)__GENUINELY___________ cares about everybody else. But if you are having a
(10)  (FRUSTRATE)___FRUSTRATING__________ day and things are getting on top of you, there's no better
cure than leaving everything and going for a ride on a rollercoaster!"

Exercise 12
LIFE IN EXTREME CONDITIONS
Until relatively recently, it was thought that heat and cold presented (1. MOUNT)
INSURMOUNTABLE____________ problems to living organisms and that all life existed in a narrow range
of (2. FAVOUR) _FAVOURABLE____________ temperatures. However, the discovery of extremophiles has
forced a (3.ASSESS) __REASSESSMENT___________ of that view.
Extremophiles are bacteria that survive, and even thrive, in (4.SEEM) _SEEMINGLY___________ impossible
conditions. (5. PROBABLE) _IMPROBABLE____________ as it may seem, some exist at temperatures
exceeding 80 degree Celsius in geysers and hot springs, while others live in the freezing conditions of the
Antarctic (6.WILD) _WILDERNESS___________. While most species of large animals are (7.THREAT)
____THREATENED_________ by global warming, even to the point of (8.EXTINCT)
EXTINCTION_____________, that kind of (9.ECOLOGY) _ECOLOGICAL____________ change may
actually benefit the extremophiles. These (10.MYSTERY) MYTERIOUS_____________ organisms may
survive long after the human race.
Exercise 13
TUBE INSPIRED A BOOK
For many people, the London Underground is a grim(1. NECESSARY) ..NECESSITY............ that gets them from
A to B. But for (2. BUD) …BUDDING…………… author Preethi Nair, it is a source of inspiration. She has just
published her first novel, Gypsy Masala - a tale she dreamt up whilst commuting on the Metropolitan Line. “Have
you observed people on the tube?” she asks (3. ENTHUSE)…ENTHUSIASTICALLY………… “Everyone is in
their own little world. I just used to sit there and imagine what kind of (4. LIVE)LIFESTYLE…………… they
led.”
Gypsy Masala charts the adventures and (5. MOST)…INNERMOST………… thoughts of three members of an
Indian family living in London, as they search for happiness. “It is a story about following your dreams,” says
Preethi, who gave up her high-pressure job as a management (6. CONSULT)…CONSULTANT…………. in order
to go in (7. PURSUE)…PURSUIT……….. of her ambition of becoming a writer. “It was a big risk but it was
definitely the right decision in terms of peace of mind and contentment," she explains.
Preethi was born in a small village in the Indian state of Kerala and moved to London with her parents at the age of
three. She says the striking contrast in cultures made a (8. LAST)…LASTING…………… impression and is
reflected in her story, which flits between the suburbs of London and far- away India. Many of the scenes in the
book are based on the place where she was born and spent long summer holidays.
“It is a tiny village that is lost in time. There is still no(9. RUN) RUNNING water and it is quite difficult to get to. It
is completely (10. TOUCH)…UNTOUCHED……….. , and so beautiful,” she says.