1.

3
Cell Division
Humans have
46 chromosomes

A karyotype
Human Genome Project
 Life Functions of a Cell (class notes)
All cells must be able to.. Organelle responsible Name of process
- Release food from CELLULAR
food/nutrients for use MITOCHONDRION
RESPIRATION
by the cell

- Allow materials to move CELL MEMBRANE DIFFUSION

in and out of the cell

- Manufacture proteins RIBOSOME PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

needed by the cell
What evidence do we have that
we are not ONE big cell?
What evidence do we have that
our cells are dividing?

HE
AL
ING

GROWTH
 Cell Division and Reproduction
Some single celled organisms use cell division for their
REPRODUCTION: 1 parent cell → 2 “daughter cells”

Paramecium
Cell Division in Multicellular Organisms

1. Replaces lost or damaged cells.

2. Growth
3. When cells get too large.
Diffusion Mini Lab

1. Take a beaker and fill it with water.

2. Drop a few drops of food colouring in. Do
not mix. Observe.

WHAT DO YOU NOTICE?

Diffusion

The movement of molecules from areas of HIGH concentration to

areas of LOW concentration.
Osmosis
Water
movement to
equalize the
number of
water
molecules on
either side of
a membrane.
But how is this related to the cell and division?
What special property must the cell membrane have for
diffusion of materials to take place?

It has to be permeable (let certain materials

in/out)
Assume the two cubes below represent two
different sized cells. 5 mm

5 mm
1 mm

m
m
5
 Complete the table below with your lab partner.
“Cell” Surface area Volume Surface Area: Reduced
Volume Ratio Ratio
small LxWx6= Lxwxh= 6:1 6:1
6 mm2 1mm3
large
2
L xwxh=
150 mm 125 mm3 150:125 1.2:1

THINK ABOUT THE FUNCTIONS WITHIN THE CELL. HOW IS

THE INFORMATION ABOVE RELATED TO THE FUNCTIONS
OF CELLS AND WHY CELLS DIVIDE?
Assume a mitochondria is located in the centre
of each of the cells. Discuss the rate of diffusion
of an oxygen molecule to the mitochondrion in
each cell.
1.2 : 1

6:1
Using the information gathered, what is the
relationship between DIFFUSION, SURFACE
AREA: VOLUME RATIO and CELL DIVISION.

Smaller cells have have a larger surface area:

volume ratio and are therefore more
EFFICIENT at the diffusion of materials into
and throughout the cell. Once cells reach a
certain size, they divide into smaller cells.
Cell Division = MITOSIS and CYTOKINESIS

Student Recap Sheet

Cell Cycle and Cell Division
MITOSIS
Cell Division = MITOSIS + CYTOKINESIS
MITOSIS
S E S E SE
SE PHA HA HA
PH
A
E TA AP LOP CYTOKINESIS
PR
O M AN T E
THINK

What would happen to our DNA if our

cells just divided and divided and divided?

Our DNA would get cut in half each time.

NOT OK!
Before Mitosis - DNA replication
chromosome
To preserve and protect the amount of DNA,

DNA replication happens before cell division.

This happens during interphase.

centromere

Chromosomes as shown here, are showing

2 copies of DNA.

sister
chromatids
First stage of cell division = MITOSIS
MITOSIS: the process by which copied contents of the cell
nucleus are divided into 2 equal parts

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Prophase

● Copied chromosomes become VISIBLE.

● Nuclear membrane starts to BREAK DOWN
and the NUCLEOLUS disappears.
● CENTROSOMES head to the ends of the cell
and SPINDLE FIBRES start to form and
extend towards the CENTROMERE of the
each chromosome.
Metaphase
● Chromosomes align in MIDDLE of the cell
● Spindle fibres are attached to the
CENTROMERES of the chromosomes
Anaphase
● Centromeres SPLIT APART.
● Spindle fibres RETRACT and PULL
chromatids towards OPPOSITE
ENDS OF THE CELL.
● At this point, the cell has TWICE
as many chromosomes as usual
Telophase
● Spindle fibres start to
DISAPPEAR
● New MEMBRANES start to
form around the two new
nuclei
● Chromosomes become less
coiled and HARDER TO SEE.
● Mitosis is complete and cell
is ready for the rest of
DIVISION.
Second Stage of Division - Cytokinesis
● Division of
cytoplasm and
organelles
Newt
lung
cell -
time
lapsed
Microviewer Activity
Practice!

Read page 33-35 and do page 36 #5-8.