Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

11/12
Z est for Progress
Z P
eal of artnership

General Biology 2
Quarter 4 - Module 1
Plants Vs. Animals
Reproduction

Name of Learner:
Grade & Section: __________________________________
Name of School: __________________________________
1
 Module
Plants Vs. Animals
1
Reproduction
(compare and contrast)

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master the concepts behind how to compare and contrast plants
and animal reproduction( STEM_BIO11/12-IVa-h-1).

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• differentiate asexual from sexual reproduction;

• describe different modes of sexual and asexual reproduction
• describe human reproductive organ systems
• enumerate the different types of reproductive cycles

What’s In 6
Activity 1: Label me!
Directions: Use the following terms to label the parts of the human reproductive
organ. Write your answer on the space after the number.

uterus vagina fimbriae fallopian tube ovary cervix

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________
_______________________

_______________________

________________________

2
 What’s New
10

Activity 2 Comparing Graphic Organizer

Procedure: Refine your knowledge on process of reproduction and development by
doing the sample graphic organizer below. Fill-out the table and distinguish how the
two types of plants vs. animals are alike and different. Then write your conclusion
based on the similarities and differences you have listed.

3
 What is it
REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Introduction

Reproduction is important for the perpetuation of a species. If there were no means of

reproduction, individuals of a species would not exist anymore and their species would die. Through
reproduction, new generations are produced. The species lives on.

• Following are the two modes of reproduction −

o Sexual reproduction
o Asexual reproduction

Asexual reproduction involves a single parent. It results in offspring that are genetically identical
to each other and to the parent. All prokaryotes and some eukaryotes reproduce this way. There are
several different methods of asexual reproduction. They include binary fission, fragmentation, and
budding.

Sexual reproduction is the creation of a new organism by combining the genetic material of two
organisms. As both parents contribute half of the new organism’s genetic material, the offspring will
have traits of both parents, but will not be exactly like either parent.

Asexual Reproduction
Many kinds of plants produce new individuals by asexual reproduction. Plants produce asexually
in several ways. For example, a new individual forms from a part of the parent individual. Only one
parent is involved. The new individual is genetically identical to the parent.

The parts involved in asexual reproduction differ among plants. For example, in katakataka
(Bryophylum), tiny new plants grow from the edges of detached leaves. In ginger, bamboo, nipa,
kamia, and canna lily, new plants develop from the fleshy underground stems called rhizomes.
When a piece of potato with an “eye” or bud is planted, the bud develops into a leafy shoot. After
sometime, roots grow at the lower end of the shoot, producing a new plant. The part of the potato
plant with the eyes is the enlarged short underground stem called tuber. Gabi, ubi, and gladiolas
reproduce asexually from similar parts called corms.

Banana and abaca plants produce young shoots or suckers from their underground stem.

The rapid growth of Bermuda grass resulting in a beautiful, thick ground cover is due to the
spreading of the plant by means of stolons or runners. These are horizontal branches from the base
of a plant that is either above or below the ground. New plants grow from buds at their nodes.
Strawberry plants and carabao grass also multiply this way.

Growth from cuttings also involves asexual reproduction. Cuttings are mature branches taken
from a plant grown separately into new plants. Many ornamental plants like roses, gumamela,
bougainvillae, and root crops like camote and cassava, are propagated this way.

Technology: Asexual Propagation of Coffee Coffee used to be grown from seeds. But since this
method results in much variation, farmers changed to another technique. They planted stem cuttings
of coffee and thereafter coffee was produced in commercial quantities.
Many fruit trees are propagated asexually by budding, grafting, marcotting, and inarching.

Asexual reproduction has certain advantages which help the species survive. Only one parent is
needed to produce new individuals. Even parts of injured individuals can grow into new plants.
However, there are some disadvantages. One of these is that the new individual remains exactly the

4
same as the parent. It does not evolve any
new trait or characteristics. Thus, when its
environment changes, the species may find
difficulty in surviving and multiplying in a
new or changed environment.

The figure shows a

sexual reproduction in some plants: (a) a
ginger rhizome with shoots; (b) tiny new
plants developing at the sides of a
Bryophylum (katakataka) leaf; (c) banana
plant with sucker; (d) a potato bud growing
into a new plant

Sexual Reproduction

In sexual reproduction, two

separate specialized cells unite,
resulting in a new individual.
Usually, each of the cell comes
from two different parent
organisms of the same species.
Two sex cells unite to form a
single complete cell called zygote.
The zygote divides many times by
mitosis and forms an embryo. By
a complicated process of growth,
the embryo develops into an adult.
The adult produces sex cells anew.
Thus, the life cycle continues.

In studying meiosis, you have

learned that the sex cell carries
half (haploid) the number of
chromosomes as that of the
parents. After the union of the two sex cells to form the zygote, the original number (diploid) of
chromosomes is restored. Thus, the new individual cannot be exactly like either parent although it
has the chromosomes of both parents. An offspring may resemble its parents in many ways, yet may
also differ in some ways.
In plants, there are as many methods of reproduction-and development-as there are plant groups.
The way seed plants reproduce seems to be better than those of other plant groups. Thus, seed
plants live and survive almost everywhere. This is proof of their success. The study of sexual

5
reproduction will focus on reproduction in two of the more “primitive” plants. These are mosses and
ferns. These plants exhibit what is known as alternation of generations.

Alternation of Generations
In mosses, the male and female gametophyte plants are separate individuals. The male
gametophyte produces sperm cells in the antheridium (singular for antheridia); while the female
gametophyte produces egg cells in the archegonium (singular for archegonia). The sex organs are
located at the top of the gametophyte plants. The sperm must swim through water to reach the egg.
After the union of the egg and the sperm, the zygote remains on top of the female gametophyte.
There it begins to divide and forms a new individual. The new individual takes water and nutrients
from the gametophyte plant, even if it makes its own food. This new individual is diploid, since it is
formed from the union of the egg and the sperm. The individual matures and produces spores. This
is the sporophyte
generation of the moss
plant. It looks like a pin
sticking out of the mat
of moss plants. The
enlarged tip, called
sporangium, is where
spores are produced.
The spores result from
meiotic cell division in
the sporangium. When
the sporangium burst,
many haploid spores are
released. They are
scattered by the wind. If
spores land in a moist
and shady environment,
they may begin to divide
and produce the
gametophyte plants.
This cycle of
reproduction in which a
haploid gametophyte
alternates with a diploid
sporophyte is called
alternation of generations

The figure shows the life cycle of a moss plant. Note the occurrence of the alteration of generations
through the development of a gametophyte.

The Life Cycle of Fern

Compared to mosses, ferns have a better organized vascular system. As such, they can carry
water and nutrient to a greater height. Like mosses, however, they also abound only in relatively
moist environments. A study of their life cycle will show why.

6
 The sporophyte individual is known as the fern plant. This maybe so large that a species is called
a tree fern. On the other hand, the
gametophyte is very small. This is why
it took some time before it was
discovered that ferns has
gametophyte in their life cycle. As in
the mosses, however, the sperm can
only reach the egg by swimming
through water. This is not much of a
problem in ferns since the sexual
organs are found in the lower surface
of the gametophyte.

The figure shows the life cycle of a fern.

(a) Sporanguim releases its spores and
germinates in soil; (b) Germinated
usually give rise to heart-shaped
gametophyte; (c) Sex organs: the
archegonium (containing egg cells and
antheridium (containing sperm cells)
are found on the lower surface of the
gametophyte; (d) The fertilized egg
undergoes cell division. A four-cell
stage of embryo develops into a
different segment of the enlarging
embryo; and (e) Each segment will form
a definite part of the young sporophyte
or a fern plant.

Sexual Reproduction Seed Plants

The flower is the reproductive organ in flowering plants.

The figure shows a typical complete

flower and its reproductive
structure.

Pollination and fertilization in seed

plants, therefore, are two separate
events. Pollination occurs when a
pollen grain of the right kind lands
on the stigma of the pistil. Each
pollen forms a tube that grows down
through the pistil and reaches the
ovule in the ovary. There are two
nuclei in the pollen tube. One of
these unites with the egg nucleus in
the ovule. The union forms a zygote.
The other sperm nucleus combines with another bigger nucleus in the ovule. This develops into the
endosperm. Food is stored in the endosperm. It is the food source of the developing embryo.
The seed containing the embryo and the endosperm is the result of fertilization. Soon it is covered
with a seed coat. The pistil and other parts of the ovary from the fleshy, pulpy part of the fruit. What
you eat in a tomato, a cucumber, a mango, a papaya, or an avocado is the ovary. The seeds insides
the ovary are the fertilized ovules.

7
 The fruit protects the seeds. This is clearly seen in the hard covering of pili nuts and the sharp
spines of the durian.
Seeds contain the beginnings of new plants. Nature has devised ways to maximize seed dispersal.
In many cases, the fruit or seed structure itself scatters the seeds. The narra fruit for example, is
easily borne by the wind due to its wing like structure. Other seeds have hooks or burrs that easily
stick to the fur of the animals or
clothes of people. Thus, these seeds
are carried to faraway places. Other
fruits and seeds are carried by
water. They have structures which
allowed them to float. Seeds are also
dispersed when animals, and
humans, eat the fleshy parts of fruits
and leave or throw away the seeds.
Birds may swallow small seeds
which are excreted with their
droppings in other places. This helps
spread seeds and plants.

The figure shows the life cycle of a

tomato plant (a) A full-grown tomato
plant showing its flower (inset); (b)
the flower’s pistil and stamen; (c)
pollen grain on the stigma develops a
tube which grows down through the
style into the ovary and reaches the
ovules. Here fertilization occurs. (d) After fertilization, the ovules develop into seeds inside the ovary;
(e) the ovary becomes a young fruit; (f) a ripe tomato; (g) its seeds; (h) a germinating seed; and (i) a
young tomato plant.

Asexual Reproduction

Type Description Example Organisms

Occurs when a parent cell splits into two identical Bacteria, Protists,
Fission
daughter cells of the same size. Unicellular Fungi

Occurs when a parent organism breaks into

Starfish, some worms,
Fragmentation fragments, or pieces, and each fragment develops
fungi, plants, lichens
into a new organism.

Occurs when a parent cell forms a bubble-like bud.

The bud stays attached to the parent cell while it
Budding grows and develops. When the bud is fully Yeast, Hydra
developed, it breaks away from the parent cell and
forms a new organism.

Vegetative Occurs when new individuals are formed without

Plants
Reproduction the production of seeds or spores.

Any form of reproduction that does not involve a Many plants and some
Agamogenesis
male gamete. animals.

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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN ANIMALS

Sexual reproduction occurs in many animals through sex cells. The sex cells produce. The sex cells
are produced during meiosis. The ovaries in the female produce egg cells while testes in the male
produce the sperm cells. Fertilization occurs when an egg cell and a sperm cell unite to form a zygote.
The zygote is diploid.

External and Internal Fertilization

Animals reproduce sexually in various ways. Many aquatic animals simply release their eggs and
sperm into the water. Fertilization is external. The water becomes the medium in which a sperm
swims to unite with an egg. This can be observed in many marine animals as well as in freshwater
fish. The female fish releases several millions of tiny eggs into the water. The males, too, discharge
sperm almost at the same time in the same spot. Through water movement, the sperm and eggs mix.
This way the chances of fertilization are greater. Likewise, oysters, clams, starfish, jellyfish, sea
urchins and most marine worms, simply discharge countless sex cells into the water. These animals
do not take care of their young.

Among sharks and octopuses, fertilization is internal. Sharks use modified fin structures while
octopuses use a modified arm to transfer sperm directly into the body of the female octopus. Frogs,
toads, and salamanders which live both on land and in water also have unique ways of fertilizing
their eggs. The male frog, for example, clasps the female frog with his forelegs to enable her to release
her eggs into the water. The eggs are fertilized in water by the sperm cells. Fertilization is thus
external.

Among land animals, the sperm still has to unite with the egg for fertilization to take place. Thus,
animals like insects and frogs lay their eggs in very moist places. Still, some frog species do not even
go through a larval stage. In most land animals, the male injects the sperm into the female.
Fertilization takes place inside the female’s body. In this case, the male or the female or both provide
the fluid in which the sperm swim. In earthworms, both the male and female sex organs are present
in one individual. But earthworm do not self-fertilize. The sperm cells are exchanged between two
individuals during mating.

The fertilized egg laid by a land animal cannot be left out in the open without any protective covering.
The egg of reptiles and birds contain all the water and nutrients needed by the developing embryo.
The eggs are also protected by a hard,
sealed shell. Let us consider a chicken egg.
The eggshell encloses the fertilized egg and
protects it from its enemies. All the minerals
and vitamins that a chick needs are
contained in the egg. Thus, the chick comes
out complete with all its tissues and organs,
enabling it to survive.

Many animal species fertilize the eggs and

nourish the developing embryo inside their
bodies. Fewer offspring are conceived but
the chances of survival are higher.
Fertilization is internal. This means that the
sperm which the male introduces into the
female’s body through a process called
copulation fertilizes the egg in the female’s
body. Timing is important in the internal
fertilization since the lifespan of the egg and
the sperm cell is short.

9
The figure shows the pattern of sexual reproduction in many animal groups.

Reproduction in Mammals Pregnancy Period of Some Mammals

Pregnancy (gestation) period in
Mammals
As a group, mammals have certain characteristics which weeks
set them Mouse 3
apart from other animals. The most distinctive feature of Rat 3
this group is their mammary glands which the newborn Rabbit 4
Cat 9
suckle to get milk.
Dog 9
Guinea pig 10
Some mammals like rats and mice, have short Sheep 21
reproductive cycles. Sexually mature females come into Human 36
“heat”, or are ready to breed and reproduce every 5 days. Cow 40
If fertilization of their eggs takes place, their young Horse 48
develop inside their bodies for 20-25 days. One day after Whale 80
giving birth, they can breed again. Female dogs come into Elephant 80
“heat” every 6 months. And this period lasts for 18-22 days.
Other mammals have a definite breeding season once a
year. It is the only time when the female will mate with the
male. The fertilized egg is implanted in the uterus and
undergoes a period of development. This period which
occurs between fertilization and the birth of the offspring
differs in various animals.

Mammals differ in the number of the offspring. For example,

mice, cats, and dogs produce several eggs at a time and so
give birth to many offspring. Others produce only one egg at
a time. Cows, elephants, horses, and humans normally give
birth to only one offspring at a time.
Eggs of mammals are much smaller than the eggs of birds
and reptiles. The sperm, usually much smaller than the egg,
has a long tail-like structure called the flagellum. With the
beating of this flagellum, the sperm reaches the egg.

In mammals, females nourish the developing embryo inside the uterus. The placenta provides the
nutrients and oxygen needed by the developing embryo. It also carries away wastes from the embryo.
The embryo floats inside a fluid-filled sac. The young mammal is born when it has reached a certain
stage of development. It starts to live outside the body of the female parent but nourishment from
the mother continues through the mammary glands.
In vertebrates, the sex organs produce not only sex cells but also chemical substances called
hormones. The testes in males produce the sex hormone called testosterone in large amounts. The
ovaries in females produce estrogen in large quantities.

The figure shows the comparison of eggs and sperm of some organisms.

The Human Reproductive System

The primary reproductive organ in the male is the pair of testes or testicles contained in sac called
scrotum that hangs from the body. Hundreds of millions of sperm cells are produced in the testicles.

10
As the sperm pass through the sperm duct, fluid is added. The mixture of the fluid and the sperm
cells is called semen. This fluid is produced by the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and the
Cowper’s glands. The fluid makes the sperm
cells active. It is the liquid environment which
provides the proper chemical conditions for the
sperm. It helps the sperm live for about three
days. The sperm cells move from the testes
through the sperm duct to the urethra and out
through the penis.

The penis is used to inject sperm cells into the

female’s reproductive organ, the vagina. The
sperm cells then move to the uterus and
proceed to the fallopian tube where one sperm
cell unites with an egg cell.

The figure shows the organs of the male

reproductive system.

Males release mature sperm any time starting from puberty to old age. Human males do not have a
breeding season.

Inside the female body are two ovaries. They alternately release a mature egg every 28 days. Each
ovary holds several thousands of immature egg
cells. Only around 400 will mature and be released
during a woman’s reproductive life; very few will
ever be fertilized.
On the average, starting from ages 12 to 14, an egg
is released from the ovary every 28 days until a
woman is 45 to 50 years old.
The ovaries are partially surrounded by the funnel-
like openings of the fallopian tubes. The egg
released by an ovary enters the fallopian tube.
Fertilization occurs in the upper part of the
fallopian tube. If the egg is fertilized, the zygote that
is formed moves slowly towards the uterus, then it
attaches itself to the external walls of the uterus
where it develops. If not fertilized, the egg travels
through the uterus and leaves the body through
the vagina during the menstrual flow.

The figure shows the female reproductive organ.

Hormones and the Reproductive Process

The immature egg cell develops inside a tiny structure in the ovary called a follicle. The female
hormone, estrogen, is released from the follicle.

11
Estrogen stimulates the lining of the uterus, increasing cell division. Blood supply in the uterus
increases and tissues also accumulate. When the egg matures, the follicle breaks releasing the egg.
The follicle then secretes more estrogen and another hormone called progesterone. These hormones
stimulate the thickening of the uterine wall tissues. These tissues constitute part of the placenta
which serves to nourish developing fetus.
The pituitary gland in the brain releases follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH) which stimulates the
development of a follicle in the ovary. It also releases
luteinizing hormone (LH) which causes the
maturation and release of the eggs from the ovary in
the process known as ovulation. The pituitary is also
controlled by hormones secreted by the
hypothalamus, a very small structure in the brain.
Fertilization in Humans
If the semen is deposited in the vagina shortly before
or after ovulation, fertilization may occur. It takes a
sperm around two or three hours to reach the egg in
the fallopian tube. Only one sperm penetrates and
fertilizes the egg. The nucleus of the sperm joins the
nucleus of the egg forming one cell.

The figure shows the hormones and the reproductive

process. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secreted by
the pituitary gland stimulates the development of
follicle of the egg cell. The follicle then secrete estrogen
that signals the pituitary gland to stop releasing FSH;
at the same time, uterine lining builds up. The estrogen
also stimulates the pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone (LH) which causes
ovulation, releasing the ovum in the fallopian tube.

The Human Embryo

The fertilized egg or zygote undergoes cell division as it moves along the fallopian tube. At first two
cells are formed, then four, and so on until it reaches the uterus as a tiny, many-celled embryo. The
embryo implants itself in the uterus where it continues to grow. It is through the placenta that the
embryo is nourished, respires and removes wastes. The embryo enclosed by a sac called amnion.
The space inside the sac becomes filled with amniotic fluid. Together, the sac and the fluid are
commonly called "bag of water”. The fluid keeps the embryo moist and protects it from bumps and
jolts. The mother nourishes the developing embryo inside the uterus. The placenta provides a
connection between the mother and the embryo.
The umbilical cord connects the embryo and placenta. This cord contains blood vessels which
transports nourishment to the embryo and remove its wastes. The separate blood vessels of the
embryo and the mother only come close together in the placenta. Oxygen and nutrients diffuse from
the mother’s blood across the placental membranes into the embryo’s blood. Wastes and carbon
dioxide from the embryo also diffuse across the placental membranes into the mother’s blood. These
waste products are then carried to the mother’s lungs and kidneys for elimination.

The figure shows the developing fetus inside the uterus showing the placental and the capillary

12
connections. Part of the placenta is
enlarged to show the blood circulation of
te mother and the fetus. The two systems
do not mix. Exchange of substances and
gases occurs between a small pool of
maternal blood and the capillary walls of
the fetus.

Female mammary glands develop in

response to progesterone and estrogen
levels. High levels of the hormones
progesterone and estrogen suppress
lactation. However, with the release of
placenta during birth, levels of these
hormones drop. Consequently, hormones from the pituitary stimulate lactation. Milk flow, which
usually occurs, two days after a baby is born, is preceded by colostrum flow. Colostrum is watery,
yellowish-white fluid. It has the same composition as milk except that it contains more protein and
less fat.
When the baby suckles the nipple, nerve impulses travel to the hypothalamus of the mother. This
causes the release of oxytocin by the posterior pituitary. When the hormones reach the breasts, milk
flows.
The cells in the embryo all look the same. From these cells, the different systems (digestive,
circulatory, endocrine, lymphatic/immune, reproductive, respiratory, urinary, nervous, skeletal,
integumentary, and muscular) of the individual develop. The cells forming the different organs
differentiate at a particular time in the proper order.

By the time the human fetus is three months old, the

fate of its cells has already been determined. From
this time until delivery, the fetus grows very rapidly.
The uterus increases in size as the fetus grows.
Usually, at about the ninth month of pregnancy, the
fetus turns so that its head is positioned towards the
opening of the uterus in the vagina. Changing
concentrations of hormones in the blood and
changing conditions in the muscles of the walls of the
uterus are believed to start childbirth.
Childbirth begins when the muscles of the uterus repeatedly contract and relax. The series of
contraction is called labor. This involves much hard work for the mother.

The figure shows the stages of the development of the embryo.

These repeated contractions move the baby slowly toward the vagina. The “bag of water” in which the
baby has been floating during gestation breaks. The fluid
is released. Muscle contraction then become more
frequent and stronger until the baby is pushed out
through the vagina. The baby is born.
The baby may be blue at first because it has stopped
taking oxygen through the umbilical cord. However, it
turns pink as soon as it takes its first breath and its blood
takes up more oxygen. The nurse or doctor may have to
suck out the fluid from the baby’s nose and mouth before
the baby can take its first breath.
The umbilical cord is tied and cut off. The small piece of
cord that remains attached to the baby dries up and falls
off after a few days. The navel marks the place where the
umbilical cord had been attached to the baby’s body.

13
Muscular contractions of the uterus continue until the placenta separates from the uterus and is
pushed out. This is usually called “afterbirth”.

The figure shows the human fetus from three to five months. Fetal movement can be felt by the mother
as early as 10 to 12 weeks.

What’s More
Activity 3 COMPARING PLANTS FROM ANIMALS REPRODUCTION
Write the letter of the correct answer. Indicate which of the 5
statements below refer to:
5
A. sexual reproduction B. asexual reproduction

______1.Two different types of sex cells unite to form a zygote

______2. The characteristics of the offspring are like those of the parent.

______3. Reproduction takes place by budding, grafting, and stem cutting.

______4. Variation is introduced in the members of the species.

______5. The offspring is a combination of the traits of both parents.

What I Have Learned

10
Activity 4: Let’s see what have you learned!
Directions: table 1, Identify the type of asexual reproduction and give example.

Table 1
Types of Asexual Reproduction Examples

1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

14
 What I Can Do
10
Activity 5: You can do more!

Directions: Compare and contrast process in plants and animals reproduction and development by
accomplishing the Venn diagram below. Match your answer inside the box.

A.Involving the division of body into two or more equal parts

B.Develop organs like those of parent and then detaches itself
C.Capable of complete individual
C.Involves the use of gametes and sex cell
D.Union of gametes from two genetically parents
E.Offspring requires living cells
F.more complex organism
G. reproduce sexually, producing a male and female gamete

H.slower time period

I.faster time period

ASEXUAL SEXUAL

SIMILARITIES

15
 Assessment

Direction: Encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. Which of the following describes asexual reproduction?
A. Sex cells are not involved. C. It involves the union of similar gametes.
B. A new individual develops from a sex cell. D. It involves the union of two kinds of gametes.

2. Which two of the following statements describe how external fertilization is ensured among aquatic
animals?
A. The male and female release sex cells about the same time.
B. Countless eggs and sperms are released into the watery environment.
C. The sperm is equipped with a structure that enables it to move fast to the eggs.
D. The big size of the egg offers more surface area with which sperm can come in contact.

3. What does the union of a sperm and egg cell produce?

A. gamete C. embryo
B. zygote D. multicellular animal

4. What stimulates the thickening of the uterus lining?

A. estrogen only C. estrogen and progesterone
B. progesterone only D. prolactin

5. Which of the following describes menstruation?

A. rupture of the follicle and release of the egg.
B. production of estrogen by the follicle.
C. periodic loss of the blood and tissue from the uterus.
D. passage of egg into the fallopian tube.

6. In which part of the female reproductive system does fertilization normally occur?
A. fallopian tube C. uterus
B. follicle D. vagina

7.What happens following fertilization

A.Diploid gametes are produce C.The haploid condition of the cell is restored
B.Haploid gametes are produce D.The diploid of the cell is restored

8.Human body cells are diploid which means?

A.They are complete C.They contain sex chromosome
B.They have two sets of chromosomes D.They are less chromosome

9. Chromosomes number______________
A.Refers to a particular chromosome in a cell
B.Is a characteristic feature of a species
C.Is a number of autosomes in a cells of a given type
D.Carries a gene from another

10. Milk flow, which usually occurs, two days after a baby is born, is preceded by ___________ flow.
A.colostrum is watery, yellowish-white fluid C. production of estrogen by the follicle
B.progesterone contain of hormone D. rupture of the follicle and release of the egg

16
 Additional Activity

Activity 6:Easy Essay! 10

Directions:Answer the following questions on the space provided for. 5

1. What is reproduction?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

2. Compare and contrast asexual and sexual reproduction.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

3. What happens during fertilization?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

4. Do animals always have two parents?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Table 1. Rubric for answers in activity 6

5 points 4 points 3 points 2points

Clear and effective Adequate Simplistic Expressions of ideas that is

expression of ideas,using expression of expressions of vague, unclear. Or
precise language and ideas ideas confusing
knowlege ,employing a
mix of precise
and general
language and
knowledge

Answer Key- Gr11Q2 m1 Gen. biology 2

Module 1

17
 18
KEY ANSWERS
WHAT’S IN ACTIVITY 4 in any order or may vary
Activity 1 Types of Asexual Reproduction Examples
1.fallopian tube
2.uterus 1.fission amoeba
3. fimbriae 2.budding Corals,hydra
4.ovaries 3.regeneration lizard
5.cervix 4. fragmentation Star fish
6.vagina
Table 2
Activity 2 answers may Asexual Sexual
vary Reproduction Reproduction
How alike Number of Parents 5.one 8 two
1they have organs Involved
2 in process of fertiization gametes 6.no need for gametes 9. present sperm has
where the sperm and to fertilize
egg celss unite after Genetic composition 7genetically identical 10.generally are
pollination of offspring to parent hybrids to parents
3.both requires energy to
grow Activity 5
4both have ovary
5.has DNA to carry Plants
genetic information 1. Capable of complete individual
2. Develop organs like those of parent and then detaches itself
How differnt
6.they are differ in
number of parent ,one similarity
parent for the asexual 3. Offspring requires living cells reproduce sexually, producing a male and
,while sexual 2 female gamete
7.faster time period for animals
the asexual 4. Involves the use of gametes and sex cell
8. slower time period fo
the sexual 5 Union of gametes from two genetically parents
9 .can produced seeds
10.inter ACTIVITY 6. Use rubrics
POST ASSESSMENT
ACTIVITY 3 1. A
1.A 2. B
2.A 3. A
3.B 4. B
4.B 5. C
5.A 6. C
7. A
8. A
9.A
10.B
 References
Books:
Biology II, 1990, Book Media Press Inc., No. 21-E Boni Serrano
Ave., Q.C.

Electronic Resources:
https://www.ck12.org/book/cbse_biology_book_class_xii/section/1.2/
https://www.ck12.org/book/cbse_biology_book_class_xii/section/1.3/

Development Team Region IX Hymn

Writer: AURELIA D.GUHITIA Here the trees and Golden beams of

flowers bloom, sunrise and sunset,
Editors: REA CHRISTYMAEA.DURAN-T II Here the breezes Are visions you’ll never
gently blow forget.
Reviewer: MA. THERESA C. TARRANZA PSDS-
SHS
Here the birds sing Oh! That’s Region IX…
merrily,
Illustrator: And liberty forever Hardworking people
stays, abound
Layout artist: Every valley and dale
Here the Badjaos Zamboanganeous,
Management Team: roam the seas Tagalogs, Bicolanos,
Here the Samals live Cebuanos, Ilocanos
DANNY B. CORDOVA,EdD.CESO VI in peace, Subanens, Boholanons,
SDS-Pagadian City
Here the Tausogs Illongos,
MA. COLLEEN L. EMORICHA ,EdD.CESE
thrive so free, All of them are proud
ASDS With the Yakans in and true
Unity Region IX our Eden
MARIA DIOSA Z.PERALTA Land
CID Chief
Gallant men Region IX, our Eden
MA. MADELENE P. MITUDA,EdD. And Ladies fair, Land.
LRMDS Linger with love and
care
MILA P. ARAO
EPS-Science

19