"Availability of Trash Bins for Proper Waste Segregation outside the Premises of Fatima

College of Camiguin, Incorporated”

A Research Proposal Submitted to

Faculty of the Senior High School Department of

Fatima College of Camiguin Inc.

Lumad, Mambajao, Camiguin

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for Practical Research Subject

Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics

Arado, Chelsie o.

Arapoc, Richryan

Arce, Marjorie

Babanto, Kyle Lourdes P.

Bagtasos, Brishniff

Bigcas, Aldrin Dennise T.

Cadorna, Gre Mart

David, Benedict

DEDICATION

To our Almighty Father,

Beloved Parents, Friends,

Special Loved Ones,

Teachers and the Institution.

 Table of Content

CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM

Introduction 1

Theoretical Framework 2

Conceptual Framework 4

Statement of the Problem 5

Hypothesis of Study 6

Significance of the Study 7

Scope and Limitation of the y 8

Definition of Terms 9

Objectives of the study 10

 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Scientists continue to warn people throughout the world about rising trash
output and stress the significance of effective garbage management. Different
techniques of trash management are necessary for different types of waste. To achieve
total waste management objectives, it is essential to comprehend waste segregation and
how to do so. (Why Waste Segregation Is More Important Than You Think, n.d.)

Waste disposal can have a significant negative impact on the environment. The
environment, as well as public health and safety, should obviously be protected, making
appropriate waste management a top priority. Everyone should be aware of the
significance of this issue and how waste segregation can mean the difference between
the planet's continued existence and the deteriorating consequences on the natural
biological system. (Barreto, 2019)

The issue of landfills is becoming more and more of a problem as a result of

the growing population and their changing consumption habits. Waste segregation is
essential to reducing the negative environmental effects of waste disposal as well as any
potential health hazards linked to improperly manage toxic waste. (Waste Segregation:
How Important Is It? 2019) Knowing that proper waste disposal is essential for our
health and environment, we must dispose of our waste properly. To do that, we must
have trash bins installed hence, we want to investigate the availability of trash bins
outside the School of Fatima College of Camiguin, Inc. Having three different kinds of
waste containers outside the school to be used by students in segregation is crucial
considering that there are many stores outside the school. Enough trash bins should be
provided for students to implement the right and proper way of waste segregation.
Being knowledgeable isn’t enough. We need to take action and provide what’s lacking
for the better of our fellow human beings.

Waste bins are used to assist people keep their trash in one area. However, due
to a lack of shipping containers to place alongside roadways or on posts, many countries
suffer. As a result, garbage is dispersed throughout the area, having a negative impact
on human health and aggravating environmental problems. (Know the Importance of
Waste Containers | Net-Railing Metal Products, 2020) This might also be the case
outside the premises of Fatima College of Camiguin, Inc. For that reason, we want to
know if there are enough trash bins installed outside the school.
 This study aims to examine the availability of trash bins outside the premises of
Fatima College of Camiguin and to enlighten the importance of proper waste
management and the availability of trash bins for proper ways of segregation outside the
premises of Fatima College Of Camiguin, Inc.”

Theoretical Framework

The World Bank warned that unless we take immediate action, the amount of
garbage produced globally is expected to increase by 70% by 2050. Currently, 7.6
billion people produce two billion tonnes of rubbish annually. (Global Waste Index
2019 | SENSONEO, n.d.) According to Pongrácz et al. (2004), the Waste Management
Theory (WMT) is a unified body of knowledge about waste management that is based
on the hypothesis that managing waste will prevent it from being harmful to the
environment and human health as well as encourage resource use optimization.

Product responsibility refers to the idea that a product will follow its maker
from conception to disposal; prevention, recycling, and waste disposal are all parts of
the theory of the firm that we create under sound residual management. (EconPapers: A
Theory of Production with Waste and Recycling, 2022) The Theory of Planned
Behavior (TPB) is used to demonstrate how attitudes, societal influences, and
perceptions of control over the act of recycling affect both the intention to recycle and
the behavior of recycling. (Strydom, 2018)

Poor waste management is polluting the world's oceans, clogging sewers and
creating flooding, spreading infections, escalating respiratory issues from burning,
injuring animals who inadvertently consume rubbish, and hindering economic
development, such as through tourism. These problems will only worsen if immediate
action is not taken.(Here's What Everyone Should Know About Waste, 2018) The zero
waste theory by Paul Palmer aims to minimize waste with the help of 5Rs which is
refuse, reduce, reuse, recycle, and rot.

To effectively tackle the litter problem nowadays, having just one or two
garbage cans nearby your public park, school, office, or other commercial environment
is no longer sufficient. (The Impact of Commercial Trash Cans for Reducing Litter,
2020)
Conceptual Framework

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

 Proper Waste Segregation

 Availability of Trash 1. Students
Bins 2. Environment

Figure 1. Conceptual Diagram

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to examine the availability of trash bins outside the premises of
Fatima College of Camiguin

Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the Effects of not having enough trash bins on proper ways of
segregation outside the school premises?

2. Effects of insufficient amount of trash bins outside the school premises to

the environment

3Availability of trash bins affects the proper ways of segregation.

4. Student

5. Environment

Hypothesis of the Study

An adequate amount of trash bins are needed to maintain proper waste

segregation outside the school premises in Fatima College of Camiguin.

Significance of the Study

The result of the study will be beneficial to the following individuals:

School Administrators. They may use the results of the study to improve sanitation
and put more trash bins outside the school premises.

Teachers. They may help students in preparing for proper waste segregation.

Parents. They may support their children by donating some supplies to implement
proper segregation.

Students. Students may ask assistance to teachers, parents and school administrators to
put more trash bins to implement proper segregation.

Future Researchers. They might do another study with different factors after
referencing this one.
Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study focused on examining the availability of trash bins and how they
will affect proper waste segregation outside the school premises of Fatima College of
Camiguin. The researchers made use of a survey questionnaire as a tool for data
gathering. This was conducted at Fatima College of Camiguin, Inc., Lumad, Mambajao,
and Camiguin.

Definition of Terms

The information below aims to assist and direct readers as they read this
research about the Importance of sufficient Trash Bins for Proper Waste Segregation
outside the School Premises for a better understanding of the study.

Waste segregation - is the sorting and separation of waste types to facilitate recycling
and correct onward disposal.

Waste production - implies the use of material and energy and the depletion of the
Earth's renewable and non-renewable resources.

Waste disposal - the collection, processing, and recycling or deposition of the waste
materials of human society.

Biological system - a complex network that connects several biologically relevant

entities.

Adequate - competent, enough, and sufficient.

The Theory of Planned Behavior - posits that intentions lead to behavior

Economic Development - is programs, policies, or activities that seek to improve the

economic well-being and quality of life for a community.

School premises - means any school building, grounds, recreation area or athletic field,
or any other property owned, used, or operated for school administration.

Contaminating - make (something) impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous

or polluting substance.

Health issues- disease or medical ailment or an environmental condition that poses the
risk of disease or medical ailment.
 Objectives of the Study

The fundamental objective of this study is to examine the availability of trash bins
outside the school premises of Fatima College of Camiguin. Checking the area where there is a
lot of garbage and concluding if the inadequate amount of trash bins outside the school premises
will affect the proper waste segregation. This study aims to educate students, teachers’ parents,
and potential researchers about this study so that they will have additional knowledge in regard
to this study.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In order to prove the validity of the work, this chapter compromises the relevant
literature and earlier studies that the researchers have carefully acquired from reliable sources.

Importance of Waste Segregation

Sorting your waste makes it easier to understand how to reduce your general waste
output, identify items that can be reused, and set aside items that should be recycled. Beyond
that, however, there’s also a moral imperative to be responsible for how you handle your trade
waste.

Failing to segregate trade waste properly means that it will end up mixed in landfills the
same way it was mixed in your bins. Waste items like food scraps, paper, and liquid waste can
mix and decompose, releasing run-off into the soil and harmful gas into the atmosphere.

Waste is a massive problem. World Bank estimates show that, globally, we produce
approximately 2.01 billion tonnes of solid waste each year. However, at least 33% of that waste
is not managed in an environmentally sound manner — and that’s an extremely conservative
estimate. The importance of waste segregation is something that we can no longer afford to
ignore.

The situation is much the same in the UK. In 2018, only 44.1% of municipal waste was
successfully recycled. Admittedly, this was an increase from the rate of 43.8% in the previous
year. Low recycling rates can be largely attributed to inadequate infrastructure for processing our
rubbish, which has, historically, been sent overseas to countries like China for processing. But
with China enacting a ban on foreign paper and plastic waste imports, the UK faces the risk of
having a waste treatment capacity shortage of up to 6 million tonnes by 2030.
 Fortunately, the UK government has committed to an ambitious 65% municipal
recycling rate by 2035, adopting a large part of the European Union’s Circular Economy
Package (CEP) into UK law. The initiative also seeks to ensure that no more than 10% of
municipal waste ends up in landfills.

To achieve these recycling targets, both households and commercial organizations will
have to do their part by accurately segregating their waste. For businesses, sorting the trade
waste they produce is a critical component of an effective reuse and recycling system.

School Waste Management

Schools, universities, and other places of education create lots of waste every day. It’s
estimated that the UK education sector produces upwards of 210,000 tonnes of waste every year.
From food packaging and waste from the school cafeteria to used paper in the classroom,
educating young people requires many resources. Schools have a responsibility to reduce and
recycle waste while educating young people about how to be eco-conscious citizens who
understand their role in protecting the environment. Having a strong school waste management
plan in place is essential to achieve all these goals. Every school has a legal duty to ensure an
efficient school waste management system is in place, aiming to reduce, reuse, and recycle the
rubbish produced. This means using the right bins for storage and disposal and separating as
much as possible for recycling. Increasingly, schools are viewed as role models for eco-friendly
waste management. School waste comes in lots of different forms, which is often the reason
many schools struggle to implement an efficient school waste management system. The
appropriate disposal method depends on the waste type. We operate on a zero landfill policy so
try to avoid even non-recyclable rubbish going to landfill. For example, with food waste in
school, we encourage alternatives to landfill such as composting. Another option is anaerobic
digestion, which is a process that uses school food waste to create biogas to generate renewable
energy. With general waste, it may be incinerated to create refuse-derived fuel – an alternative to
fossil fuels. Our expert waste management providers can implement a comprehensive waste
management system for your school. This ensures recycling and proper disposal of all waste
your school generates, providing you with ways to save money, time, and resources, while also
aiding the environment.

Role of Education in Waste Management

The increasing awareness and consciousness among common people are directly related
to environmental management and sustainability. In developing countries, Solid Waste
Management is becoming increasingly difficult as it is in most cases solely managed by
Municipal authorities, only little amount of generated waste is collected and restored burned or
dumped in any available space in the environment (Ahmed and Ali, 2004). The waste generated
as a result of increased consumption of resources can be very harmful to human and
environmental health (Frosch, 1996). There is inadequate data on waste in most developing
nations and this must be addressed seriously. According to Rada et al. (2018), there is a need for
a proper system of data generation year after year for each area where there is municipal waste
management. The effects of improper waste management including blockage of drainages that
encourage flooding, and discarded waste serving as breeding grounds for disease vectors
(UNDP, 2007) should also be noted. Food waste management is gradually becoming a serious
challenge in developing nations; it poses a threat to sustainable development. As a result of the
inadequate and inefficient food waste management systems on-ground in most developing
countries, these countries are left to deal with sanitary and environmental problems (Thi et al,
2015). The idea of composting to manage food waste has not yet been fully adopted in
developing countries.

THE CONSCIOUSNESS OF STUDENTS ON PROPER WASTE DISPOSAL

There are growing fears that waste produced in the world will witness a phenomenal
increase in the year 2100 due to the ever-expanding urban population (World Bank, 2013). The
World Bank indicates that as of 2010, the amount of waste produced in the world on a daily basis
was 3.5 million tonnes which is expected to rise up to around 6 million tonnes daily in the run-up
to the year 2025. A journal article entitled “Comment”, buttresses the argument by the World
Bank by providing a breakdown of the solid waste produced in the world over the years, which
has seen a significant rise from 300,000 tonnes daily in 1900 to 3 million tonnes

Daily by 2000, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
generated the majority of it (Hoornweg, Bhada-Tata, & Kennedy, 2013). The article postulates
that Sub-Saharan Africa would become the region with the fastest production of waste in the
world by 2050, overtaking South Asia, which is also expected to overtake East Asia in 2025.
What is of prime concern to the world are the negative effects that result from the improper
disposal of waste. In a study conducted in Rawalpindi City in Pakistan, it was concluded that
there are a lot of negative effects resulting from the act. For instance, it was realized that
improper disposal of solid waste had served as a catalyst for flooding in the City due to such
waste finding its way to waterways and blocking gutters (Ejaz, Akhtar, Nisar, &Naeem, 2010,
pp. 381-382). The report further indicates that the garbage is a host for the breeding of flies and
mosquitoes which are said to be agents for the transfer of diseases and sicknesses, such as
malaria and cholera. The associated management practice of burning the waste in some instances
is said to cause pollution of the air. According to Owusu (2010), improper waste disposal is a
major problem for city managers in Ghana, and the attitude can be blamed on a number of
factors, such as a lack of appreciation for cleanliness; the absence of resources necessary for
proper waste disposal; sheer carelessness and the blatant failure of people to be responsible; the
failure of communities to mobilize towards taking initiatives to deal with the phenomenon and
the haphazard and unauthorized siting of houses.

Waste Management Practices of Students

Today the most important subject that affects and worries mankind is the issue
concerned with waste management. Waste management practices especially municipal solid
waste can differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for
residential, commercial, and industrial producers. Waste collection methods vary widely among
different countries and regions. Domestic waste collection services are often provided by local
government authorities, or by private companies in the urban cities. Countries and experts alike
spend a lot of time and resources to come out with a solution to the problem of environmental
degradation and climate change. It may be gleaned in Table 3 that in general, the respondents’
proper waste disposal was being practiced to a very great extent. With this, the top five waste
disposal activities that are practiced to a very great extent are as follows: solid waste materials
are not disposed to rivers, canals, sea, or vacant lots; solid waste materials are disposed of
properly in the designated trash bins; left-overs are disposed of in separate trash bins; solid waste
is disposed in the designated collection area; and disposal area is strategically located

Solid Waste Management Practices of Select State Universities in CALABARZON,

Philippines

Section 55-56 of Republic Act 9003 or The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
stipulates that the Philippine National Government in coordination with Department of
Education (DepEd) and other educational institutions should conduct a continuing education and
information campaign on Solid Waste Management (SWM) Practices and strengthen the
integration of environmental concerns in school curricula at all extents, with particular emphasis
on the theories and practices of waste management principles like segregation at source,
reduction, recycling, reuse and composting, in order to promote environmental awareness and
action among the citizenry. This in turn promotes growing awareness on SWM Practices by that
of the general public.

School-based solid waste management practices are measures to observe, implement

and ensure proper waste disposal because the largest fraction of municipal wastes generated from
paper cardboard and other school-related materials [24]. Thus, institutions like schools, private
and state universities have to model responsible solid waste management in terms of waste re-
use, waste reduction, waste collection, waste recycling, waste treatment, and final waste disposal

The implementation and enforcement of the provisions of this Act shall be the primary
responsibility of the Local Government Units (LGUs) within their respective jurisdictions as
stipulated in the RA 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991. The law
also mandates that segregation and collection of solid waste shall be conducted at the barangay
level while collection of non-recyclable materials and special wastes shall be the duty of the
municipality or city [10].It is the responsibility of LGUs to practice segregation because
segregation facilitates the processing of wastes and substantially decreases the amount of wastes
directed to the dumpsite. Thus, waste source segregation significantly cuts budget allotted to
waste collection and transport which are the most expensive element in the total process of waste
management.

Aside from waste segregation, solid waste management practices include house to house
evaluation, consolidation of the evaluation results, record keeping of SWM violators per purok
and penalizing violators through community service and fines. More importantly, some LGUs
have enacted municipal solid waste management ordinances, constructed waste depository or
redemption centers, conducted training on vermin-composting, prohibited open dumping and
organized information, education and communication campaign in all puroks about
SWMprogram [13].

Yet, studies revealed that many LGUs still struggle in the implementation of SWM [14]
[15] [16] sinews has not been among the top priorities in most LGUs [17]. Therefore, to achieve
sustainable solid wastes management lack of awareness, technical knowledge, legislation
policies, and strategies should be addressed [18] [9].In the full implementation, different
stakeholders including the academe are mandated to take responsibility in the SWM. Part 6, Rule
21, Section2 of RA 9003 mandates the Department of Education(DepEd), Commission on
Higher Education (CHED to include ecological solid waste management in the school systems at
all levels, to actively engage school administrators, teaching and non-teaching staff, and subentry
in school-wide and nearby community waste management actions, and to strengthen waste
management content in the curricula. In addition, state colleges and universities are also
mandated to assist in the LGU’s extension system by improving their effectiveness and
efficiency through capability-building and complementary extension activities [19].

The Importance of Proper Waste Disposal in every zone of Barangay 91, Abucay Tacloban
City

Barangay 91, Abucay Tacloban City specifically in every zone, must practice proper
waste disposal. Having “Reduce, Reuse and Recycle” trash bins and other different ways are
important. ls, since this barangay is not close to each zone, it is advisable to have a trash bin
installed to each for easier and efficient waste collection. It will solve the problem of
uncollected waste, to help proper waste disposal and segregation as a key to preventing the
problem on where to put their waste, to promote cooperation in the barangay residents for
community development and improvement, and to teach the residents to observe proper waste
segregation and removal
 Proper waste disposal is very important especially in Barangay91, Abucay Tacloban
City. Most of the respondents know its importance that they even separates the waste, but since
there are some problems affecting the waste disposal like lacking of

Large bins in each area, they tend to generate their wastes in other places that usually in
the open spaces. It can possibly lead to littering of garbage’s in the area. There are different
possibilities that might happen, but the respondents knows it that they even know how important
proper waste disposal is and they are willing to cooperate, such that there are some problems that
they encountered. According to the respondents, proper waste disposal is very important to them
especially in every zones of the barangay.

Solid Waste Management Awareness and Practices among Senior High School Students in
a State College in Zamboanga City, Philippines

The level of solid waste management awareness was measured into seven (7) indicators:
solid waste definition; effects of solid waste if improperly disposed; relevant laws; prohibited
activities; school/ community intervention; importance of solid waste management; and
responsibilities of students. Table 2 shows the level of awareness among senior high school
students on the definition of solid waste. As shown in the table, students from STEM, GAS and
TVL obtained a composite mean of 3.10, 3.00 and 3.01, respectively. These indicate that
students regardless of strands have

Average knowledge on what solid waste are. In the study Mishra, Mishra and Tiwari
(2014) defined solid waste as useless, unwanted and discarded material resulted from day to day
activities from different organizations such as agriculture, construction, commercial, institutions,
streets, households and various industries. Knowing the definition of solid waste will help the
users to understand the characteristics of the Thus, users can monitor and manage the waste
properly to protect human health and environment. (Lamb, Pogson, &Schlies, 2012).Table 3
shows the respond of senior high students on their awareness on the possible effect of solid waste
if improperly disposed. These effects are serious negative environmental problem such as
infectious diseases, land and water pollution, obstruction of drains and loss of biodiversity (Ejaz
et al., 2010).The result revealed that STEM and GAS students have very high awareness with a
composite mean of 3.51 and 3.38respectively. While TVL students obtained a composite mean
of 3.23, which can be interpreted as high. It can be noted that TVL students obtained a weighted
mean of 3.07 to 3.24 with descriptive rating of high on the following possible effect: breeding or
shelter of pests, destruction on environment and serious treat on animals. Understanding the
possible effect of improperly disposed solid waste will make people realized the importance of
practicing solid waste management.
Disposal of Non-Biodegradable Waste

The Philippines' Senate Economic Planning Office (SEPO) estimates that 40,087.45
tons of solid trash are produced there every day. Solid waste, sometimes referred to as refuse,
rubbish, garbage, or trash, is a general term for materials that are typically generated by homes,
businesses, schools, and hospitals. Just a few examples include plastic wrappers, food waste,
furniture, appliances, clothing, product packaging, and bottles. Solid trash can damage the
environment and harm people's health if it is not disposed of appropriately. (Bowden, 2002 and
Royte, 2005 as cited in Lim, et al 2018)

Evaluating school eco-centers at elementary schools in Calamba City, Philippines

Considering the characteristics of municipal solid waste, composting is one of the most
effective measures for waste diversion. Municipal solid waste in the country from 2008to 2013
was generated from residential (56.7%), commercial (27.1%), institutional (4.1%), and industrial
(12.1%) sources. Furthermore, based on available data, the typical composition of municipal
solid waste in the country from 2008 to 2013 was biodegradable waste (52.31%), recyclables
(total 27.78%, including: paper and cardboard 8.70%,plastics 10.55%, metals 4.22%, glass
2.34%, textile 1.61%, and leather and rubber 0.36%),residual 17.98%, and special 1.93%
(NSWMC, 2015). As part of the salient features ofRA 9003, the final disposal sites for residual
waste should be converted from dumpsites to sanitary landfills and each LGU was ordered to
divert 25% of their generated waste (Athena, 2011). Thus, composting and recycling through the
use of MRFs are expected to play important roles for achieving the mandatory waste diversion
requirement as highlighted in the Act. Implementation of the Act by LGUs, however, lags
because of remaining issues and concerns related to current conditions.
 CHAPTER III

METHODS AND PROCEDURES

This chapter will discuss the success of the method taken by the researchers in addition
to the data-acquiring instruments, the environment, the respondents, the data-gathering
processes, ethical considerations, and the data analysis that the researchers used.

Methods

We, the researchers used a quantitative research procedure and a survey questionnaire as
the instrument for collecting data. The survey questionnaire had two parts: the first one included
the sex profile of the responders, then the second part contained statements regarding the
availability of trash bins and its effects among the Grade 11 STEM students in which they had to
choose how well they agree on them.

Environment

This study was conducted at Fatima College of Camiguin, Inc. located at Lumad,
Poblacion, Mambajao, and Camiguin. Fatima College of Camiguin most generally known as
FCC is a catholic and private higher education institution headed by the school directress, Sr.
Mary Raphael B. Amante, RSM. This institution covers preschool, primary education, secondary
education (both junior high school and senior high school), and higher education.

Respondents

The target populace of this study was the students in Fatima College of Camiguin, Inc.
for the school year 2023-2024. Given the large number of students at Fatima College of
Camiguin, we only chose 30 respondents from Senior High School Department since they are
more knowledgeable because they are in the higher Grade level. Additionally, the researchers
chose students who are educated enough to answer our questions.

Instruments of Data Collection

In this study, the research instrument that the researchers used was a survey
questionnaire. The survey questionnaires served as a foremost tool in acquiring the needed
information from the selected Sr. High School students about the proper waste segregation and
effectiveness of trash bins outside the school premises and to effectually accumulate and
measure the data. Other than that, the researchers also conducted a face-to-face survey asking
students about the said research.
Data Gathering Procedure

The principal and directress of the school received a letter from the researchers
requesting their assistance. The request letter is again obtained by the researchers after approval.
The respondents from the chosen parts were requested to complete a direct survey questionnaire,
and the researchers gave them enough time to do so after obtaining their consent. The researchers
tabulated the findings after collecting the data, used statistical analysis, and then conducted an
analysis. The findings were discussed and interpreted.

Ethical Consideration

The researchers vehemently asserted before beginning this study that respondents'
privacy and anonymity are ensured. Additionally, the researchers respect the participants'
opinions without any form of discrimination. This is done to avoid any potential harm to the
respondents from personal information leaks. Any type of data evading must be avoided because
it is securely forbidden.

Data Analysis

The data analysis begins after the researchers have successfully dispersed the survey
questionnaires. The results collected were reviewed, evaluated, and categorized. This permit the
researchers to calculate the results by tallying the data gathered to compute the mean and
frequency. Once the researchers have obtained the average count and answered the general
research question, a conclusion then be protracted