Bicol University

Institute of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation

Legazpi City
Email Address: buipesr@gmail.com

Physical Fitness Concepts

Topics/Subtopics:
Lesson 1: Legal Basis of Physical Education
Lesson 2: Objectives of Physical Education
Lesson 3: Physical Activity Pyramid
Lesson 4: Health and Skill Related Fitness Components

Pre-Test Activity: Concept Map

Direction: A concept map is a visual organization and representation of knowledge. Create a concept map to
build and organize your prior knowledge about physical education.

Physical Education

II. LEARNING CONTENT:

The term Physical Education has various meaning to different people. A few of its definitions by some eminent
people are listed below.

 From a Latin words “physica”, physics and “educatio” meaning the training of the bodily organs and
powers with the view to the promotion of health and vigor
 It is an integral part of the education process, designed for the optimum development of individual’s
potentials through the performance of suitable and selected movement experience.
 According to C.A Butcher, “An integral part of total education process which has its aim- the
development of physically, mentally, emotionally and morally.”
 According D. Oberteuffer, “Physical Education is the sum of those experiences which come to the
individual through movements.”
 According Cassidy, “Physical Education is the sum of changes in the individual caused by experiences
censoring motor activity.”
 According R J B Nash, “Physical Education is that phase of the whole field of education that deals with
big muscle activities and their related responses.”
 According J F Williams and C L Brownell, “Physical Education is the sum of man’s physical activities
selected as to kind and conducted as outcomes.”
 According C L Brownell, “Physical education is the accumulation of wholesome experience through
participation in large muscle activities that promote optimum growth and development.”
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  According to the Central Advisory Board of Physical Education and Recreation, “Physical Education
is education. It is education through physical activities for the development of the total personality of the
child to its fullness and perfection in body, mind, and spirit.”
 According to Webster’s Dictionary, “Physical education is an integral part of education which gives
instructions in the development and care of the body ranging from simple calisthenic exercises to a course
of study providing training in hygiene, gymnastics and the performance and management of athletics
games.”
 According Columbia Encyclopedia, “Physical education and training, is an organized instruction in
motor activities that contribute to the physical growth, health and body image of the individual.”

In the light of the above definitions, Sharma (2018) summarized that physical education is an integral part of
general education and is essential for human beings. It is not merely a physical activity but it is the education of the
body though the body. In addition, physical education uses physical means to develop each person’s whole being
(Freeman, 2013). It can be concluded that physical education not only helps in physical development but it also
helps in mental social emotional and spiritual development.

LESSON 1: LEGAL BASIS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

The practice of Physical Education and sports is a fundamental right for all. This right should not be treated as
different in principle from the right of adequate food, shelter and medicare.

Article XIV, Section 19 of the 1987 Constitution of the Republic Act of the Philippines states that:
 The state shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league competitions and
amateur sports, including training for international competitions to foster discipline, teamwork, and
excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry.
 All educational institution shall undertake sports activities throughout the country in cooperation with the
athletic clubs and other sectors.

LESSON 2: OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

In general, the aim of Physical Education is the wholesome/holistic development of an individual, or it can be
said that the aim of P.E is complete living. This aim can be achieved step by steps and these steps are called objectives.
Objectives are steps considered towards the attainment of the aim. They are the particular and precise means employed
to realize an aim.

The following are the main objectives of Physical Education:

1. Physical Development - Through carefully selected physical education activities, an individual who
participates actively will develop and maintain and a high level of physical fitness. The acquisition of
physical skills can motivate an individual to participate further in physical activities; hence, his growth and
development will be enhanced.
2. Social Development - Participation in physical education activities provides opportunities for the
development of desirable social traits needed for adjustment to the social life in general. (Some worthwhile
traits: Friendliness, cooperation, respect the rights of others, Good sportsmanship, Good leadership and
followership, Honesty in group competition)
3. Emotional Development - The informal nature of physical education activities offers opportunities for
self-expression and emotional mastery. (Example of worthwhile emotional traits are Self-confidence, self-
control, self-reliance, courage, determination)
4. Mental Development - Through participation in physical education activities the individual develops his
mental capacities as he/she learns the mechanical principles underlying movements, as he/she acquirer’s
knowledge and understanding of rules and strategies of game and sports, and as he/she discovers ways of
improving his/her movements in gymnastics and dance.
5. Spiritual Development - Provide the development of inner self and soul. Experiencing activities helps

LESSON 3: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PYRAMID

Physical activity

It is defined as any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles that results in a
substantial increase in caloric requirements over resting energy expenditure (Caspersen CJ, Powell KE,
Christenson GM, 1985). It is a general term that includes sports, dance, and activities done at work or at home,
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walking to and from work, school, store or church, taking stairs instead of elevators and escalators, gardening,
doing household chores, playing with the kids or walking the dog. These are movements that produces
progressive health benefits.

Different types of physical activity

1. Lifestyle- Physical activities which have been part of our daily routine, which is usually light to moderate
in intensity
2. Aerobic- Moderate to vigorous physical activity that requires more oxygen intake than sedentary
behavior, and does promotes cardiovascular fitness and other health benefits
3. Anaerobic- High intensity physical activity that is done in a short duration of timing requiring high energy.
4. Sports- A physical activity requiring skill and physical prowess that is governed by set of rule and
regulations that is often done in competition.
5. Muscle Fitness- Exercise designed to build muscle strength and endurance by overloading muscle. Also
called as progressive resistance exercise
6. Flexibility- Exercise designed to stretch muscles and tendons to increased joint flexibility or range of
motion
7. Physical Activity Play- An intense play activity that require substantial energy expenditure. Activity with
flexible rules, for purpose of enjoyment

The Physical Activity Pyramid helps you understand the types of physical activity, which build
different parts of fitness and produce different health and wellness benefits. To meet the recommended
minimum of daily activity, you can choose from the pyramid the different types of activity. For optimal
benefits, you should perform activities from all parts of the pyramid each week. As you can see, activities
at or near the bottom of the pyramid may need to be done more frequently or for a longer time than those
near the top of the pyramid to get the same volume of activity

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 Exercise

Exercise is a type of physical activity consisting of planned, structured, and repetitive bodily
movement done to improve and/or maintain one or more components of physical fitness expenditure.

The Physical Activity Pyramid shows many types of physical activity from which you can choose.

LESSON 4: HEALTH RELATED AND SKILL RELATED FITNESS COMPONENTS

Physical fitness has been defined in several ways, but the generally accepted definition is the ability to
carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness, without undue fatigue, and with ample energy to enjoy leisure-
time pursuits and meet unforeseen emergencies (Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee, 2008).
Physical fitness is composed of various elements that can be further grouped into health-related and skill-
related components.

Health-Related and Skill-Related Fitness Components

Health-related Physical Fitness Components- Those dimensions of fitness that are physiologically based and
determine how well a performer can meet the physical demands of an activity.
1. Cardiorespiratory endurance: the ability of the circulatory and respiratory system to supply
2. oxygen during sustained physical activity
3. Body composition: the relative amounts of muscle, fat, bone, and other vital parts of the body
4. Muscular strength: the ability of muscle to exert force
5. Muscular endurance: the ability of muscle to continue to perform without fatigue
6. Flexibility: the range of motion available at a joint
Skill-related Physical Fitness Components- Those dimension of fitness that are based on the interaction of
the neuromuscular system and determine how successfully a performer can carry out a specific skill.
1. Agility: the ability to change the position of the body in space with speed and accuracy
2. Coordination: the ability to use the senses, such as sight and hearing, together with body parts in
3. performing tasks smoothly and accurately
4. Balance: the maintenance of equilibrium while stationary or moving
5. Power: the ability or rate at which one can perform work
6. Reaction time: the time elapsed between stimulation and the beginning of the reaction to it
7. Speed: the ability to perform a movement within a short period of time
III. LEARNING ACTIVITY:

Check your progress

1. How would you define physical education?
2. What is the significance of the legal basis of physical education?
3. What are the five of objectives of Physical Education and explain how it affects your development?
4. How will you describe physical activity, exercise, and fitness?
5. What are the recommendation in the physical activity pyramid?

IV. LEARNING REFERENCE:

Freeman, William. (2013). Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Science in a Changing Society. Jones & Bartlett
Publishers. ISBN 1449691056, 9781449691059 retrieved from: https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=W3JHAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Physical+Education&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj5j9qvoLXrAhU
aK6YKHTaeBsEQ6AEwB3oECAgQAg#v=onepage&q&f=false
Sharma V.K. (2018). Health and Physical Education Class 11. New Saraswati House India Pvt Ltd. ISBN 9352722167,
9789352722167. Retrieved from: https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=zj9jDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Physical+Education&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjG1a3wobXrAhU
KkJQKHZ8PDWw4KBDoATAHegQICRAC#v=onepage&q&f=false
Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report, 2008.
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2008.
https://health.gov/paguidelines/guidelines/report.aspx. Published 2008. Accessed January 4, 2018.

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