Contents zli

Part-ll
11. Perspectives on Study of Indlan
Soclety.. 293
11.1 ABackground of
Sociological Studies in India. 294
11.2 Indology.... 296
11.2.1 Indology of GS Ghurye... .298
11.3
Structural-Functionalist Tradition in India 301
11,3.1 Structure Functionalism of MN .302
Srinivas.
11.3.2 Sanskritization 303

11.3.3 VWesternization 306

11,4 Marxist Sociology in India 308

.309
11.4.1 Marxist Sociology of ARDesai ..

315
12. Impact of Colonial Rule on Indian Society...
316
12.1 SocialBackground of Indian Nationalism.
321
12.2 Modernization of Indian Tradition ..
323
12.2.1 Yogendra Singh on Modernization of Indian Tradition
325
12.3 Protests and Movements during the Colonial Period.
326
12.4 Social Reforms during Colonial Rule...

.. 331
13. Rural and Agrarian Social Structure.
332
13.1 ldeaof Indian Village.
335
13.2 Village Studies ....
Land Reforms..... 339
13.3 Agrarian Social Structure -Evolution of Land Tenure System and
.339
13.3.1 Evolution of Land Tenure System....
Cornwallis. .341
13.3.2 Permanent Settlenment of
13.3.3 Ryotwari System.... 342

13.3.4 Mahalwari System .... .343

13.3.5 Land Reforms after Independence. .345

14. Caste System 354

14.1 Caste- Origin Theories 355
14.2 Features of the Caste System..... 357
 xiv e Essential Sociology

14.3 Caste in Other Religions

14.4 Perspectives on Caste
.359
14.4.1 Ghurye's Perspective on Caste System
360
14.4.2 MN Srinivas' Perspective on Caste System. .361
14.4.3 Dominant Caste. 362
14.4.4 Louis Dumont's Perspective on Caste System... 363
14.4.5 Andre Beteille's Perspective on Caste System e..365
14.4.6 Dipankar Gupta's Perspective on Caste System. .367
14.5 Untouchability .370
14.5.1 Forms ofUntouchability.. .371
14.5.2 Perspectives on Untouchability...... 312.
14.5.3 Gandhi's Perspective on .374
Untouchability
14.5.4 Ambedkar's Perspective on 375
14.6 Reformation of Caste System.
Untouchability. .376
14.6.1 Rise of Anti-Caste Social 378
Movements and Reforms
14.6.2 State and non-State Steps 378
towards Abolition of Caste-based
14.7 Contemporary
Dimensions of Caste System. Discrimination....382
387
14.7.1 Mobuity inCaste System.
387
14.7.2 Caste and Class Nexus
14.7.3 Caste and Politics... 384
386
14.7.4 Caste: Change and Continuity ...
14.8 Caste Question in the 21st 387
Century 390

15. Tribal Communities in India...

396
15.1 Definitional Problems of Tribes.
397
15.2 Geographical Spread of Tribes
400
15.3 Colonial Policies and
Tribes.... 402
15.3.1 Colonial Rule and Tribal Distress 402
15.3.2 Tribal Uprisings during the Colonial Rule 405
15.4 Issues of Tribal Integration and 407
Autonomy...
15.4.1 Tribal Integration and Autonomy in the 21st 409
Century India
16. Social Classes in India. 414
16.1 Agrarian Class Structure in India 415
415
16.1.1 Agrarian Classes in Pre-British India.
 Contents N

16.1.2 Agrarian Classes in British 416

India...
16.1.3 Agrarian Classes in 416

16.2 Urban Class Structure in India

Post-Independence India 421

16.3 Industrial Class Structure in India. 422

423
16.4 Middle Class in India...

429
17. System of Kinship in India
we.430
17.1 Lineage and Descent in India
431
17.2 Types of Kinship Systems in India.
432
17.2.1 Regional Variations in Kinship in India
435
17.3 Family and Marriage in India.
435
17.3.1 Family in India... 440
17.3.2 Marriage in India
442
17.4 Household Dimension of Family
443
17.5 Patriarchy, Entitlements and Sexual Division of Labor in India...

18. Religion and Indian Society

449
18.1 Religious Communities in India. 451
18.2 Problems of Religious Minorities
454
18.2.1 Minorities Welfare

457
19. Vision of Social Change in India. .
.458
Little Tradition
19.1 Great Tradition and
and Mixed Economy .459
19.2 ldea of Development, Planning
Change. 463
19.3 Constitution, Law and Social
.464
19.4 Education and Social Change
Change in India
19.4,1 Historical Context of Education and Social .464
Contemporary India.
19.4.2 Education and Social Change in 472

Transformation
20. Rural and Agrarlan 477
Development...
20.1 Programs of Rural .478
20.1.1 Community Development Program .479
20.1.2 Cooperatives...
481
xvi Essential Sociology

20.1.3 Poverty Alleviation Schemes ....

20.2 The Green Revolution and Social Change ... .483
20.3 Changing Mode of Production in Indian Agriculture 485
20.4 Problems of Rural Labor.... ...489
20.4.1 Bonded Labor
c..491
20.4.2 Migration of Rural Labor.
492
20.5 Contemporary Agrarian Challenges and Prospects.. A93
20.5.1 Agrarian Prospects in 21" Century India .494
497
21. Industrialization and Urbanization
21.1 Evolution of Modern Industry in India S03
21.1.1 |ndustrialization and .504
Colonial Rule.
21.1.2 Industrialization in S04
21.1.3 Social
Independent India
21.2 Growth of Urban
Consequences of Liberalization and Industrial Growth 507

Settlements in India
21.2.1 Challenges of 514
21.2.2 Slums and
Urbanization in India.
.517
Deprivation in Urban Areas..
21.3 Working Class in 520

21.4 Informal Sector. India-Structure,

Growth and Mobilization.
21.5 Child Labor.

22.. Politics and Indian

Society. $32
22.1 Nation, Democracy,
Citizenship, Political Parties and Pressure Groups inIndia .533
22.1.1 Pressure Groups and
22.2 Social and Political Elite.
Contemporary Political Economy of India 534
S35
22.3 Regionalism and Decentralization of Power
22.3.1 Decentralization of Power.
22.4 Secularization and India
$47
23. Social Movements in
Modern Indla 4
23.1 Nature of Social Movements in India.
23.2 Peasants and Farmers Movements.
 Contents

133 Women's Movements in lnda 554

2331 Wormen's Movement in Pre .554
Independence Period...
332 Wormen's Movemerts in 556
Post-Independence Era..
34 Badward Cass and Dait Movemerts. 560

23.41 Northern vs Southern Bacward Cass .562

Mvements.
23.42 Dait Movements. 564

23.43 Satyashochak Samaj 567

23.44 SNDP Movement. 567

568
23.45 Seif-Respect Movement.
569
23.5 Evironmental Movements
572
23.6 Ethniity and dentity Movements..

579
24. Population Dynamics.
580
24.1 Population Size, Growth, Composition and Distribution.
584
24.1.1 Birth Rate.
585
24.1.2 Fertility
586
24.13 Mortality or Death Rate
587
24.2 Migration..
590
243 Population Policy and Family Planning
592
24.4 Ageing Issue in India.
595
24.5 Sex Ratio and Related issues.
596
24.6 Child and Infant Mortality
.598
24.7 IssUes RelatedtoReproductive Health

601
25. Challenges of Social Transformation.
Sustainability....
25.1 Crisis of Development-Displacement, Environmental Problems and
.602

25.1.1 Development and Displacement Issues

602

25.1.2 Environment and Sustainability Issues.. .604

25.2 Poverty, Deprivation and Inequalities in India. 606

25.3 Violence against Women 609

25.4 Ethníc Conflicts. .611

25.4.1 Caste Confiicts. 614

D3 Communalism and Religious Revivalism in India .616

 Xviii o Essential Sociology

25.5.1 Religious Revivalism in India

616
25.5.2 Communalism in Contemporary India
617
25.6 lliteracy and Disparities in Education....
.620
Glossary
.625

882
82

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