1. Sender/Source: This is the person who originates the message.

For example, it may be your boss, who wants to tell you

about a deadline for an upcoming project.
2. Encoder/Transmitter: The encoder involves the way the message is transmitted, such as through sound waves, electrical
impulses or binary data. If your boss sends you an email to tell you about the deadline for the project, the encoding is the
binary data that the computer uses to move the message.
3. Channel: The channel in the Shannon-Weaver Model is the device used to convey the message. In the workplace as an
example above, the channel is email-based through a computer. It may also be via another option such as a telephone call
or chat on messenger.
4. Decoder: Decoding reverses the work that encoding did to get the message delivered. If an email is encoded into binary data
at the sender's computer, it is decoded into the intent of the message at the receiver's computer.
5. Receiver: The receiver is the recipient of the message as intended by the sender. This is the person to whom the sender was
trying to communicate. The receiver must have the technology available to receive the message the way the sender has
delivered it. For example, if your boss emails you, but you do not have a computer, the message will be lost.Q
6. Noise: This is interesting because it can be physical or even psychological. If you've ever tried to participate in a telephone
call in a football stadium, you know that the noise around you makes it almost impossible to hear correctly what the person
is saying. But noise can also be something different. It may be that you're distracted by something going on at home and you
do not fully pay attention to the message, or you could have had a bad experience with the sender, which clouds your
perception of what he or she is trying to say.

Shannon was an American mathematician whereas Weaver was a scientist. The Mathematical theory later came to be known
as Shannon Weaver model of communication or “mother of all models.” This model is more technological than the other linear
models. The Shannon-Weaver Model contains six (6) important features. (Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication:
History, Features & Application, 2018)
In 1960, David Berlo postulated Berlo’s Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver (SMCR) model of communication from
Shannon Weaver’s Model of Communication (1949). He described factors affecting the individual components in the
communication making the communication more efficient.
Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication presents the communication process in its simplest form. The model consists of
four components (sender, message, channel and receiver) that are each influenced by different factors. To ensure the
message is conveyed as effectively as possible, the sender and the receiver must share some common ground.
Communication skills play a crucial role in this. Other factors, such as culture, knowledge and attitude are also vital. What
may be considered rude in some cultures, may be perfectly fine in others. Communication doesn’t always go as smoothly
as one would hope.
 Eugene White’s Model tells that communication is
circular and continuous, without a beginning or an
end. He also introduced the concept of feedback.
The Eugene White model implies a step-by-step
sequence of events that starts with thinking in the
mind of the speaker and ends with monitoring also by
the speaker. Communication is a repetitive, cyclical
event but the dynamic quality of interaction is not
depicted. The speaker is the originator of the
communication process and the listener is a passive
reactor who does not initiate communication.

The Schramm’s model views communication as a

process that takes place between a sender (encoder) and
a receiver (decoder): there will be also a message, and a
signal through which the message can be transmitted
(Schramm, 1948). Schramm is considered as the Father
of Mass Communication. With his model of
communication, communication breakdown is explained.
He affirms that there should have the same field of
experience between the speaker and the listener.
Field of Experience is everything that makes a person
unique-everything that he/she has ever learned, watched,
seen, heard, read, and studied. Example of field of
experience is a conversation between students of the
same strand.
 Barnlund’s Transactional
Model is a multi-layered
feedback system. This is a
continuous process where
sender and receiver
interchange their places and
both are equally important.
The message passing takes
place with a constant
feedback being provided
from both parties. A feedback
for one is the message for the
other.

This model was developed in 1967 by Frank

Dance, which he originally named “Dance’s
Helix Model of Communication”. The
communication is said to be as a continuous
and dynamic process which progresses with
age as our experience and vocabulary
increases.
At first curve are small (the lower part), which
means lack of information (about the person or
anything), but helix leaves it lower level of
behavior and grows upward in a new way,
thus, widens the curve which means more
knowledge gathered. All these happens as we
continue the communication process. But it
always depends on lower level to form the
message and increase the information.
NOTE:
Answers to all the Activities, Application, and Assessments
should be written on a separate sheets of “White Pad Paper”.
Thank You & Enjoy Learning!

By: Oral Com. Teachers of NNCHS-SHS