Load Flow Analysis of Radial Distribution System
P Kirana Chary
EEE Institute of Aeronautical
Engineering Hyderabad, India
A Naresh Kumar
EEE Institute of Aeronautical
Engineering Hyderabad, India
T Ravi Babu
Assistant Professor
EEE Institute of Aeronautical
Engineering Hyderabad, India
Abstract—The radial network travels over the
network without being linked to any other supply. It is
used for loads such as rural areas. Load-flow studies
are carried out with ETAP (14.0) software which
simulates current operating conditions for the steady-
state system that allows an assessment of bus voltage
profiles, actual and reactive power flow and losses. The
load-flow analysis conducted using various scenarios
ensures that the power system is correctly designed to
meet the performance requirements. The benefits of the
electricity flow study decrease unforeseen downtimes,
minimal operational and maintenance costs and obtain
more capacity from existing assets. The main purpose
of this study is to develop a new load-flow technology
for all network nodes without that the network.
Index Terms— Radial Distribution System, Load
Flow Analysis, constant voltage, constant current,
dependency on the voltage.
1. Introduction
The delivery network of low voltage acts as a final
connection between the sub-transmission device
and the consumers to provide electric electricity.
Throughout India, there is a radial delivery
network at most locations with small X / R feeder,
which renders the device unconditional. Methods
such as GaussSeidel and Newton-Raphson also
don't perform well to overlap in the circumstances.
The knowledge derived from evaluating the load
flow is regularly used for service and preparation
purposes and is important for the development of
the delivery network. [1-2] The use of distributed
generator (DG) services within the power delivery
network is growing increasingly owing to
economic considerations [3-5].
A DG is small, decentralized; a load flow analysis
is an important precondition for power system
studies, as electricity transmission should be
stable, efficient and economic from generators to
consumers. Load-flow information can be used to
evaluate the normal mode of operation, contingent
analysis, error safety evaluations, as well as
dispatch and stability. Effective and reliable load-
flow solution techniques have been developed for
operation, control and scheduling of power
system, such as Gauss- Seidel, Newton-Raphson
and Quick Decoupled Load flow. The offer for
978-1-7281-7213-2/20/$31.00 2020
c IEEE
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T Mahesh
EEE Institute of Aeronautical Engineering
Hyderabad, India
K Lingaswamy
EEE Institute of Aeronautical Engineering
Hyderabad, India
B Navothna
EEE Institute of Aeronautical Engineering
Hyderabad, India
"ETAP Relay Planning and Coordination," to
conduct a load-flow analysis to analyze electrical
system output under normal and abnormal
conditions and provide the necessary information:
Optimizing circuit usage; designing realistic
voltage profiles; minimizing the losses of MW and
MVAR; development of equipment design
guidelines and identifying the following [6-11].
ETAP is software based on a computer to simulate
stable, in-power, system voltage measurements,
actual and reactive energy flow and line losses,
etc.
2. Methodology
a. Load Flow Analysis
Open ETAP and follow the steps to construct and
simulate this power network. Enter four new
elements in the single line diagram and enter the
details for each element. Open ETAP and follow
the steps taken to build and simulate this power
grid. When all the components have been
connected and the input data has been entered, you
can continue with the load flow calculation.
b. Running Load Flow Analysis
To turn to load flow analysis mode click on the
load flow analysis button in the Function toolbar.
Running an examination of the Load Flow should
produce an performance chart. You may choose
the name of an current performance item to
replace in the Research Case toolbar, or "Prompt."
When "Prompt" is chosen, you will be asked to
insert a new item name before running the Load
Flow Test. The load flow test case editor helps you
to configure the analysis by modifying the
choices. For example, various approaches may be
defined with full number of iterations and
precision; loading and generation categories may
be chosen individually; load diversity factors can
be added.
.
298
 Fig.1 Single Line Diagram of 33 Bus Systems

Fig.2 Simulation diagram for 11kv 33 bus system

Fig.3 Simulation diagram for 11kv 33 bus system with load flow

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 Table.1 Input line data for 33 radial distribution system
S.No Rated kV Active power Reactive power Resistance Reactance
1 12.66 100 60 0.0922 0.047
2 12.66 90 40 0.493 0.2511
3 12.66 120 80 0.366 0.1864
4 12.66 60 30 0.3811 0.1941
5 12.66 60 20 0.819 0.707
6 12.66 200 100 0.1872 0.6188
7 12.66 200 100 0.7114 0.2351
8 12.66 60 20 1.03 0.74
9 12.66 60 20 1.044 0.74
10 12.66 45 30 0.1966 0.065
11 12.66 60 35 0.3744 0.1238
12 12.66 60 35 1.468 1.155
13 12.66 120 80 0.5416 0.7129
14 12.66 60 10 0.591 0.526
15 12.66 60 20 0.7463 0.545
16 12.66 60 20 1.289 1.721
17 12.66 90 40 0.732 0.574
18 12.66 90 40 0.164 0.1565
19 12.66 90 40 1.5042 1.3554
20 12.66 90 40 0.4095 0.4784
21 12.66 90 40 0.7089 0.9373
22 12.66 90 50 0.4512 0.3083
23 12.66 420 200 0.898 0.7091
24 12.66 420 200 0.896 0.7011
25 12.66 60 25 0.203 0.1034
26 12.66 60 25 0.2842 0.1447
27 12.66 60 20 1.059 0.9337
28 12.66 120 70 0.8042 0.7006
29 12.66 200 600 0.5075 0.2585
30 12.66 150 70 0.9744 0.963
31 12.66 210 100 0.3105 0.3619
32 12.66 60 40 0.341 0.5302

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 Table.2 Bus losses of 11kv 33 bus distribution system

Branch id From- to bus flow To-from bus flow Losses %Bus voltage
Z1 MW Mvar MW Mvar Kw Kvar From To Vd %drop in vmag
Z2 3.96 2.472 -3.914 -2.467 12.4 5.7 100 99.7 0.22
Z18 3.452 2.216 -3.584 -2.189 52.1 26.5 99.7 98.3 1.41
Z3 0.361 0.161 -3.400 -0.161 0.2 0.2 99.7 99.7 0.05
Z22 2.371 1.692 -0.361 -1.689 20.0 10.2 98.3 97.5 0.75
Z4 0.940 0.457 -2.351 -0.455 3.2 2.2 98.3 97.9 0.33
Z5 2.231 1.602 -0.936 -1.592 18.8 9.6 98.3 96.8 0.74
Z6 2.152 1.562 -2.212 --1.529 38.6 33.3 97.5 95.0 1.85
Z25 1.103 0.535 -2.113 -0.972 1.9 6.4 96.8 94.6 0.35
Z27 0.951 0.974 -1.101 -0.420 2.6 1.3 95.0 94.8 0.19
Z8 0.901 0.429 -0.948 -0.317 11.9 8.6 95.0 93.2 1.37
Z9 0.689 0.320 -0.889 -0.295 4.3 3.1 94.6 92.6 0.63
Z10 0.625 0.29 -0.685 -0.24 3.6 2.6 93.2 92.0 0.59
Z11 0.561 0.275 -0.685 -0.295 0.6 0.2 92.6 91.9 0.09
Z12 0.515 0.24 -.621 -0.274 0.9 0.3 92.0 91.8 0.15
Z13 0.454 0.209 -0.561 -0.244 2.7 2.1 91.9 91.2 0.62
Z14 0.392 0.175 -0.514 -0.207 0.7 1.0 91.8 90.9 0.23
Z15 0.271 0.091 -0.452 -0.171 0.4 0.3 912 90.8 0.1
Z16 0.211 0.081 -0.452 -0.091 0.3 0.2 90.9 90.6 0.1
Z17 0.150 0.060 -0.39 -0.08 0.3 0.3 90.8 90.4 0.2
Z19 0.090 0.04 -0.271 -0.06 0.1 0 90.6 99.7 0.06
Z20 0271 0.12 -0.21 -0.04 0.8 0.7 90.4 99.3 0.36
Z21 0.090 0.08 -0.150 -0.12 0.1 0.1 99.7 99.2 0.07
Z23 0.846 0.04 -0.090 -0.08 0.0 0.1 99.3 97.3 0.06
Z24 0.421 0.201 -0.841 -0.04 5.1 4.1 99.2 96.9 0.67
Z26 0.888 0.947 -0.420 -0.41 1.3 1.0 97.9 94.5 0.33
Z27 0.825 0.921 -0.885 -02 3.3 1.7 97.3 93.4 0.26
Z28 0.754 0.891 -0.814 -0.946 11.3 10.0 94.8 92.5 1.14
Z29 0.626 0.814 -0.746 -0.911 7.8 6.8 94.5 92.2 0.82
Z30 0.422 0.212 -0.622 -0.884 3.9 2.0 93.4 91.8 0.36
Z31 0.271 0.14 -0.42 -0.812 1.6 1.5 92.5 91.7 0.4
Z32 0.060 0.04 -0.27 -0.210 0.2 0.2 92.2 91.7 0.09
Z33 0.846 0.020 -0.060 0-.140 0.0 0.0 91.8 91.7 0.03

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 Table.3 Bus losses of 11kv 33 bus distribution system using load flow analysis
ID Rating/Limit Rated kV % Loading Vtermal
Lump1 134.5 kVA 12.66 100.3 99.71
Lump2 98.49 kVA 12.66 101.7 98.3
Lump3 144.2 kVA 12.66 102.5 97.54
Lump4 67.08 kVA 12.66 103.3 96.8
Lump5 63.25 kVA 12.66 105.3 94.95
Lump6 223.6 kVA 12.66 105.7 94.6
Lump7 223.6 kVA 12.66 107.3 93.24
Lump8 63.25 kVA 12.66 108 92.6
Lump9 63.25 kVA 12.66 108.7 92.02
Lump10 54.08 kVA 12.66 108.8 91.93
Lump11 69.46 kVA 12.66 109 91.78
Lump12 69.46 kVA 12.66 109.7 91.16
Lump13 144.2 kVA 12.66 110 90.93
Lump14 60.83 kVA 12.66 110.1 90.79
Lump15 63.25 kVA 12.66 110.3 90.65
Lump16 63.25 kVA 12.66 110.6 90.45
Lump17 98.49 kVA 12.66 110.6 90.38
Lump18 98.49 kVA 12.66 100.3 99.66
Lump19 98.49 kVA 12.66 100.7 99.3
Lump20 98.49 kVA 12.66 100.8 99.23
Lump21 98.49 kVA 12.66 100.8 99.16
Lump22 103 kVA 12.66 102.1 97.94
Lump23 465.2 kVA 12.66 102.8 97.27
Lump24 465.2 kVA 12.66 103.2 96.94
Lump25 65 kVA 12.66 105.5 94.76
Lump26 65 kVA 12.66 105.7 94.5
Lump27 63.25 kVA 12.66 107.1 93.36
Lump28 138.9 kVA 12.66 108.1 92.54
Lump29 632.5 kVA 12.66 108.5 92.18
Lump30 165.5 kVA 12.66 109 91.77
Lump31 232.6 kVA 12.66 109.1 91.68
Lump32 72.11 kVA 12.66 109.1 91.65

c. Displaying the Results
Click the Run Load Flow button found in the Load
Flow toolbar to operate the analysis on load flow.
After the Load Flow Analysis has been completed, the
findings are shown on the one-line, the effects seen on
the one-line and the manner in which they are shown
may be modified from the Load Flow toolbar in the
View Options.
d. Performance Review
After running the load flow analysis, using the Load
Flow Results Analyzer, you will evaluate the
performance results for different elements in a very
compact and condensed way. Click the Load Flow Test
Analyzer button on the Load Flow toolbar to do so.
Pick from the research results category the various
studies you want to include. You may pick All Project
in Active Directory from the Project Report area if you
want to match performance data from other projects
with the current project. The following programs will
be housed in the same directory as the existing one.
Fig.1 shows simulation diagram for 11kv 33 bus
systems.
3. Results and discussions
For evaluating power losses and stress profile Fig.
2 Displays that the 11KV radial feeder is operated
by the substation bus arm. Table 1 includes the
comprehensive overview of the radial feeder seen
in Fig 3 consisting of 33 buses and single power
grid busses attached to 32 separate lumped load
sizes. Load flow analyzer gives bus loading,
branch loading and output data. The load flow

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report gives the bus summary and losses which is
occurred in each bus and also provides the data in
our required. Getting output which is accurate
with the different types of load flow techniques
Table 2 and Table 3 presents the Bus losses of
11kv 33 bus distribution systems without and with
load flow.
4. Conclusion
By utilizing the suggested load flow analysis
method, it is possible to achieve significant
reductions in the amount of execution steps
needed to obtain stable state load flow solutions.
In addition, due to the complexity order of the
algorithm; although the overall complexity of the
proposed load flow analysis algorithm is
approximately the same as one proposed
algorithm. As for topology of static networks, the
uses of the proposed scheme make time savings; it
implies that, as network topology undergoes
dynamic reconfiguration for network management
factors, this phase contributes to a variety of
distinct static network topologies. Obviously,
saving in time required for load flow analysis for
all these network topologies would be a
remarkable number for each of these static
network topologies.
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