Learning Outcomes:-

The students are able to

• solve problems related to addition, subtraction and multiplication on number line.

• verify properties of whole numbers.

• represent whole numbers on number line.

• understand the importance of patterns in mathematics and try to create new patterns.

Content Items

2.0 Introduction 2.0 Introduction

2.1 Whole numbers

2.2 Representation of whole

The
numbers on number line

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2
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4
5

The next number of any natural number is 2.3 Properties of whole numbers
'
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1
2
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called its successor and the number just before a 2.4 Patterns on whole numbers
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number is called the predecessor.

For example,
N
=
{
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
.
.
.
}

the successor of 9 is 10 and

the predecessor of 9 is 8.

Fill the following table with the successor and predecessor of the numbers provided.

S.No. Natural number Predecessor Successor

1. 135

2. 237

3. 999

Discuss

1. Which number has no successor?

2. Which number has no predecessor?

Mathematics 15 Class - 6

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successor is the next number of any

number

predecessor is the beforer number of

any number

Whole Numbers

Whole Numbers W = {0, 1, 2, 3,...}

Representation of Whole Numbers

on Number Line

!"#$%"&'%( #) *+#,% -./0%"(

Which are not possible to show on number line of

whole number

2¡5=

2+5=

5+2=

5¡2=

2 £ 3 = Two times of two

3 £ 2 = (Read as 3 times of two)

= 2 12

sum of any two whole numbers is always a whole number.

This property is known as the closure property of addition for

whole numbers.

sum of any two whole numbers is always a whole number.

Difference of any two whole numbers is always not a whole number.

Is It possible sum or product of two whole numbers as negative

number

Multiplication of any two whole numbers is always a whole

number.

Whole numbers are closed under addition and

multiplication only

Which are not possible of the following

a 2+3=3+2 4£3=3£4 5¡3=3¡5

2 3

3 1

3 73 3 3
y

4 4 47

not possible.

5¡3=3¡5

This property is known as commutative

y property

is________________Property

Commutate property not possible under subtraction in

whole numbers and natural numbers

Division by zero

Repeated addition is multiplication

Repeated multiplication is gives an exponent form

Repeated subtraction is division

Division by Zero

Let us find 6 ÷ 2

6 divided by 2 means,

we subtract 2 from 6 repeatedly

i.e. we subtract 2 from 6 again and again till we get zero.

6 - 2 = 4 once

4 - 2 = 2 twice

2- 2 = 0 thrice

So, 6 ÷ 2 = 3

Let us consider 3 ÷ 0,

Here,

we have to subtract zero again and again from 3 till we get zero.

3- 0 = 3, one time

3 - 0 = 3, two times

3 - 0 = 3, three times

…………………

3-0 = 3, 100 times

and so on.....

Will this ever stop? No.

So, 3 ÷ 0 is not a number that we can reach.

So, division of any whole number by 0 does not give a known

number as answer.

Division by zero is not defined.

Practice.6 ÷ 3,10 ÷ 2,16 ÷ 7,9 ÷ 2,106 ÷ 0

Identity for Addition

Addition of two whole numbers gives another whole number. Is this always so, for all

whole numbers? Ans : yes ,it is possible for all wholenumbers but except zero

2 + 0 = 2
If zero is !"#$ %$ & '($)"

9 + 0 = 9

*+,-"#. it /"% %(" 0&," '($)"

0 + 11 = 11

*+,-"# &/&1*2

0 + 25 = 25

! "# $%&&'( %# )*' %((")"+' "(',)")- ", .*/&' ,012'3#4 Is it possible in Natutal numbers.

!"#$%&$' 1× 9=9 Identity for multiplication

6 × 5 = 30

In multiplication of 2 whole numbers, if one number is 1, then

6 × 4 = 24

the product is equal to the other number.

5× 1=5 So, the multiplicative identity for whole numbers is 1.

11 × 1=11

Is it possible to make zero, with

Exercise - 2.2Sum of two numbers ???

Ans: Yes 2 + (¡2)

1. Find the sum by suitable rearrangement. =0

i) 238 + 695 + 162 ¡5 + ii) 5 154

= +0197 + 46 + 203
This
2. Findproperty is known
the product by suitable as additive inverse or reciprocal..
rearrangement.
i) 25 × 1963 × 4 ii) 20 × 255 × 50 × 6
Is it possible with whole numbers ???????

3. Find the product using suitable properties.

Ans : No, negative numbers are not in whole numbers
i) 205 × 1989 ii) 1991 × 1005
Is it possible
4. A milk vendorto make
supplies one,
56 litres with
of milk product
in the morning and 44 of
litrestwo
of milknumbers
in the evening to???
Ans:
a hostel. If the milk costs 50 per litre, Yesmoney he gets per day?
how much
2.4 Patterns in Whole Numbers
1in elementary shapes made 1

Whole numbers can be5shown £ =1 2 £ =

up of1dots. Observe the following.

• 5
Number 1 can be represented as a
2
This property
• iscanknown
Numbers be arrangedas
as amultiplicative
line. inverse or reciprocal..
TheIs it possible
number 2 is shown aswith
whole numbers ???????
AnsThe
: No, fraction
number 3 is shown numbers
as are
and so on. not in whole numbers

Mathematics 23 Class - 6

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1.Multiplicative inverse of 5/2 is _______, is it a whole number .??___

2.Multiplicative inverse of 3/8 is _______, is it a whole number .??___
3.Product of a number and its multiplicative inverse is_aa
4.Sum of a number and its additive inverse is___________
5.The multiplicative inverse of a fraction a/b is b/a.
6.Additive inverse of -10 is _______, is it a whole number ?
7.The multiplicative inverse of a fraction a/b is ________
8.The multiplicative inverse of a number, divide ____, by the number
9.Additive inverse simply means changing __________ of the number
10.Adding additive inverse to the original number is get an answer equal to _____

11.A multiplicative inverse or reciprocal for a number x, denoted by ____

number its additive inverse Sum or two numbers

5 ________

-7 ________

i
_________ 8

-10

number its multiplicative inverse Product or two numbers

3 2

£
2 3

¡4 ¡8

8 4

 Additive inverse are opposite

numbers .

Sum of opposite numbers are zero.

a + (- a) = 0

multiplicative inverse are ulta

numbers.
they are also called reciprocal.
the product of reciprocal is
always 1.
Addition with zero gives 1.

It is additive identity.

Additive identity is zero.

a +0 =a
Multiplication with one gives itself
.
It is multiplicative identity
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Working with the Properties of Mathematics

1 ) Which property is used in the following expression ? (a x b) x c = a x (b x c)
A. Associative Property of Addition B. Commutative Property of Addition ______
C. Associative Property of Multiplication D. Distributive Property

2 ) Which equation shows the Commutative Property of Multiplication ?

A. 4 x 2 = 2 x 4 B. 3 x 3 = 3 + 3 + 3 ______
C. 5 x 9 - 7 x 9 = (5 - 7) x 3 D. 8 x 1 = 8

3 ) Which equation shows the Identity Property of Multiplication ?

A. a + a + a = 3 x a B. a x 1 ______
C. (a + b) + 8 = a + (8 + b) D. a(b + c) = ab + ac

4 ) Which of the following does not show the Commutative Property of Addition ?
A. 7 + x = x + 7 B. a + b = b + a ______
C. ab = ba D. 3x + 4y = 4y + 3x

5 ) Which Property of Addition does 4 + 0 = 4 illustrate ?

A. Distributive Property B. Zero Property ______
C. Identity Property D. Commutative Property

6 ) Simplify this expression : 7(y + z)

A. 7z + y B. 7y + 7z ______
C. 7yz D. 7y + z

7 ) Which property is used in the following expression ? (4 x 7) x 2 = 7 x (2 x 4)

A. Associative Property of Multiplication B. Associative Property of Addition ______
C. Commutative Property of Addition D. Distributive Property of Multiplication

8 ) Which property of addition is used in the following ? (6 + 5) + 8 = 6 + (5 + 8)

A. Identity Property B. Distributive Property ______
C. Commutative Property D. Associative Property

9 ) Which is an example of Associative Property of Addition ?

A. (5 + 6) + 2 = 5 + (6 + 2) B. 7 + 0 = 7 ______
C. 8 + (-8) = 0 D. 3 + 5 = 5 + 3

10 ) Which of the following is an example of Commutative Property of Addition ?

A. 9 + 5 = 5 + 9 B. 2 + 8 = 3 + 2 ______
C. 4 x 1 = 4 D. (5 + 7) + 6 = 5 + (7 + 6)

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Working with the Properties of Mathematics

11 ) Which is an example of Identity Property of Addition ?
A. 2 + 9 = 9 + 2 B. 3 x 1 = 3 ______
C. (9 + 7) + 6 = 9 + (7 + 6) D. 5 + 0 = 5

12 ) Which property is used in the following expression ? 9(3 + 5) = 27 + 45

A. Distributive Property B. Associative Property of Addition ______
C. Associative Property of Multiplication D. Commutative Property of Addition

13 ) Which Property of Multiplication is shown ? (8 + 4) x 2 = 8 x 2 + 4 x 2

A. Associative Property B. Distributive Property ______
C. Commutative Property D. Identity Property

14 ) Which property is used in the following ? 7 x (3 + 9) = 7 x 3 + 7 x 9

A. Distributive Property B. Commutative Property ______
C. None of the above D. Associative Property

15 ) Which operation will not change the value of any nonzero number ?
A. Multiplying by One B. Dividing by Zero ______
C. Adding One D. Multiplying by Zero

16 ) Which property would you use to simplify the following expression ? 8(y + 7)
A. Associative Property B. Distributive Property ______
C. Commutative Property D. Multiplication Property of Zero

17 ) Which of the following does not show the Commutative Property ?

A. 4 + y = y + 4 B. x + y = y + x ______
C. xy - 3 = xy D. yx = xy

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Working with the Properties of Mathematics

1 ) Which of the following does not show the Commutative Property of Addition ?
A. a + b = b + a B. ab = ba ______
C. 5 + x = x + 5 D. 3x + 4y = 4y + 3x

2 ) Which Property of Multiplication is shown ? (6 + 4) x 8 = 6 x 8 + 4 x 8

A. Distributive Property B. Commutative Property ______
C. Associative Property D. Identity Property

3 ) Which property is used in the following expression ? (a x b) x c = a x (b x c)

A. Associative Property of Addition B. Associative Property of Multiplication ______
C. Distributive Property D. Commutative Property of Addition

4 ) Which property is used in the following ? 2 x (3 + 4) = 2 x 3 + 2 x 4

A. Distributive Property B. None of the above ______
C. Commutative Property D. Associative Property

5 ) Which of the following does not show the Commutative Property ?

A. 6 + y = y + 6 B. xy - 8 = xy ______
C. yx = xy D. x + y = y + x

6 ) Which operation will not change the value of any nonzero number ?
A. Multiplying by One B. Multiplying by Zero ______
C. Dividing by Zero D. Adding One

7 ) Which property is used in the following expression ? 3(9 + 8) = 27 + 24

A. Commutative Property of Addition B. Associative Property of Multiplication ______
C. Associative Property of Addition D. Distributive Property

8 ) Which property of addition is used in the following ? (6 + 8) + 7 = 6 + (8 + 7)

A. Distributive Property B. Identity Property ______
C. Associative Property D. Commutative Property

9 ) Which is an example of Associative Property of Addition ?

A. 5 + 0 = 5 B. 9 + 4 = 4 + 9 ______
C. 8 + (-8) = 0 D. (4 + 2) + 7 = 4 + (2 + 7)

10 ) Which equation shows the Identity Property of Multiplication ?

A. a(b + c) = ab + ac B. a + a + a = 3 x a ______
C. (a + b) + 9 = a + (9 + b) D. a x 1

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Working with the Properties of Mathematics

11 ) Which property would you use to simplify the following expression ? 4(y + 5)
A. Multiplication Property of Zero B. Commutative Property ______
C. Associative Property D. Distributive Property

12 ) Simplify this expression : 7(y + z)

A. 7y + 7z B. 7y + z ______
C. 7z + y D. 7yz

13 ) Which Property of Addition does 6 + 0 = 6 illustrate ?

A. Zero Property B. Distributive Property ______
C. Identity Property D. Commutative Property

14 ) Which of the following is an example of Commutative Property of Addition ?

A. 8 + 4 = 4 + 8 B. 9 x 1 = 9 ______
C. 7 + 6 = 5 + 7 D. (4 + 3) + 2 = 4 + (3 + 2)

15 ) Which property is used in the following expression ? (6 x 7) x 2 = 7 x (2 x 6)

A. Commutative Property of Addition B. Distributive Property of Multiplication ______
C. Associative Property of Addition D. Associative Property of Multiplication

16 ) Which equation shows the Commutative Property of Multiplication ?

A. 9 x 1 = 9 B. 4 x 3 = 3 x 4 ______
C. 7 x 8 - 5 x 8 = (7 - 5) x 2 D. 2 x 3 = 2 + 2 + 2

17 ) Which is an example of Identity Property of Addition ?

A. 5 x 1 = 5 B. (8 + 9) + 2 = 8 + (9 + 2) ______
C. 3 + 8 = 8 + 3 D. 6 + 0 = 6

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Working with the Properties of Mathematics

1 ) Simplify this expression : 2(y + z)
A. 2y + 2z B. 2z + y ______
C. 2yz D. 2y + z

2 ) The value of any nonzero number will be changed by ____________________ .

A. adding zero B. multiplying by zero ______
C. dividing by one D. multiplying by one

3 ) Which property of addition is used in the following ? (4 + 7) + 9 = 4 + (7 + 9)

A. Associative Property B. Identity Property ______
C. Distributive Property D. Commutative Property

4 ) Which is an example of Identity Property of Addition ?

A. 3 + 7 = 7 + 3 B. 6 x 1 = 6 ______
C. 4 + 0 = 4 D. (7 + 2) + 8 = 7 + (2 + 8)

5 ) Which operation will not change the value of any nonzero number ?
A. Multiplying by One B. Dividing by Zero ______
C. Adding One D. Multiplying by Zero

6 ) Which of the following is an example of Commutative Property of Addition ?

A. 3 x 1 = 3 B. 5 + 7 = 7 + 5 ______
C. 8 + 6 = 2 + 8 D. (7 + 9) + 4 = 7 + (9 + 4)

7 ) Which Property of Addition does 7 + 0 = 7 illustrate ?

A. Distributive Property B. Zero Property ______
C. Identity Property D. Commutative Property

8 ) Which is an example of Associative Property of Addition ?

A. 8 + 0 = 8 B. (4 + 6) + 3 = 4 + (6 + 3) ______
C. 2 + 4 = 4 + 2 D. 9 + (-9) = 0

9 ) Which equation shows the Identity Property of Multiplication ?

A. a + a + a = 3 x a B. (a + b) + 9 = a + (9 + b) ______
C. a(b + c) = ab + ac D. a x 1

10 ) Which operation will not change the value of any nonzero number ?
A. Dividing by Zero B. Adding Zero ______
C. Adding One D. Multiplying by Zero

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Working with the Properties of Mathematics

11 ) Which equation shows the Zero Property of Multiplication ?
A. 6 x 3 = 3 x 6 B. 9 x 0 = 0 ______
C. 7 x 1 = 7 D. 4 + 4 + 4 = 3 x 4

12 ) Which equation shows the Addition Property of Zero ?

A. a + 0 = a B. (a + b) + 9 = a + (9 + b) ______
C. a(b + c) = ab + ac D. a x 0 = 0

13 ) Which property is used in the following ? 2 x (3 + 8) = 2 x 3 + 2 x 8

A. Associative Property B. Distributive Property ______
C. Commutative Property D. None of the above

14 ) Which equation shows the Commutative Property of Multiplication ?

A. 2 x 6 - 3 x 6 = (2 - 3) x 5 B. 9 x 1 = 9 ______
C. 4 x 7 = 7 x 4 D. 5 x 3 = 5 + 5 + 5

15 ) Which property is used in the following expression ? (a x b) x c = a x (b x c)

A. Commutative Property of Addition B. Associative Property of Addition ______
C. Distributive Property D. Associative Property of Multiplication

16 ) Which property is used in the following expression ? 3(8 + 7) = 24 + 21

A. Commutative Property of Addition B. Distributive Property ______
C. Associative Property of Multiplication D. Associative Property of Addition

17 ) Which of the following does not show the Commutative Property ?

A. 5 + y = y + 5 B. xy - 7 = xy ______
C. yx = xy D. x + y = y + x

18 ) Which property is used in the following expression ? (9 x 2) x 5 = 2 x (5 x 9)

A. Distributive Property of Multiplication B. Commutative Property of Addition ______
C. Associative Property of Addition D. Associative Property of Multiplication

19 ) Which property would you use to simplify the following expression ? 3(y + 4)
A. Associative Property B. Distributive Property ______
C. Multiplication Property of Zero D. Commutative Property

20 ) Which Property of Multiplication is shown ? (8 + 3) x 9 = 8 x 9 + 3 x 9

A. Associative Property B. Identity Property ______
C. Distributive Property D. Commutative Property

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Identify the Properties of Mathematics

1 ) When two numbers are multiplied together, the product is the same regardless
of the order of the multiplicands. For example a x b = b x a ____________________

2 ) The multiplicative inverse of a number, a is _a so that a x _a = 1.

1 1
____________________

3 ) Multiplying any number by 0 yields 0. For example a x 0 = 0. ____________________

4 ) The product of any number and one is that number. For example a x 1 = a. ____________________

5 ) When three or more numbers are multiplied, the product is the same regardless
of the order of the multiplicands. For example (a x b) x c = a x (b x c) ____________________

6 ) When three or more numbers are multiplied, the product is the same regardless
of the order of the multiplicands. For example (a x b) x c = a x (b x c) ____________________

7 ) The product of any number and one is that number. For example a x 1 = a. ____________________

8 ) The multiplicative inverse of a number, a is _a so that a x _a = 1.

1 1
____________________

9 ) Multiplying any number by 0 yields 0. For example a x 0 = 0. ____________________

10 ) When two numbers are multiplied together, the product is the same regardless
of the order of the multiplicands. For example a x b = b x a ____________________

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Identify the Properties of Mathematics

1 ) The additive inverse of a number, a is -a so that a + -a = 0. ____________________

2 ) Adding 0 to any number leaves it unchanged. For example a + 0 = a. ____________________

3 ) Adding 0 to any number leaves it unchanged. For example a + 0 = a. ____________________

4 ) The product of any number and one is that number. For example a x 1 = a. ____________________

5 ) When two numbers are added, the sum is the same regardless of the
order of the addends. For example a + b = b + a ____________________

6 ) When three or more numbers are added, the sum is the same regardless
of the grouping of the addends. For example (a + b) + c = a + (b + c) ____________________

7 ) The sum of two numbers times a third number is equal to the sum of each
addend times the third number. For example a x (b + c) = a x b + a x c ____________________

8 ) The sum of two numbers times a third number is equal to the sum of each
addend times the third number. For example a x (b + c) = a x b + a x c ____________________

9 ) The sum of any number and zero is the original number. For example a + 0 = a. ____________________

10 ) The additive inverse of a number, a is -a so that a + -a = 0. ____________________

11 ) When two numbers are added, the sum is the same regardless of the
order of the addends. For example a + b = b + a ____________________

12 ) When two numbers are added, the sum is the same regardless of the
order of the addends. For example a + b = b + a ____________________

13 ) The sum of any number and zero is the original number. For example a + 0 = a. ____________________

14 ) The sum of two numbers times a third number is equal to the sum of each
addend times the third number. For example a x (b + c) = a x b + a x c ____________________

15 ) When three or more numbers are added, the sum is the same regardless
of the grouping of the addends. For example (a + b) + c = a + (b + c) ____________________

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