Safety and Quality Control

CONSTRUCTION PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

UNIT 3- SAFETY AND QUALITY CONTROL

• Importance of safety
• Causes of accidents
• Safety Measures
• Responsibility for safety
• Safety benefits to various parties

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT
 Safety and Quality Control

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT
 Safety and Quality Control

What is Safety?
Safety is
The
Control of recognized hazards
To
Attain an acceptable level of risk

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT
 Safety and Quality Control

Importance of Safety
• Wide range of construction activities involving
complex techniques have led to many new
problems in safety.

• Proper steps should be taken to improve safety on

construction sites so that:
• Loss of limb and life, and
• Damage from avoidable accidents is prevented.

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT
 Safety and Quality Control

Importance of Safety
Primary objectives of safety programme are:
• Safety of Personnel (measured in terms of)
• To reduce the human lives sacrificed.
• To lessen temporary and permanent injuries to workers.
• Safety of materials and equipments
• To avoid loss or spoilage of materials
• To avoid damage of equipments.
• Safety of structure
• To provide minimum cost of construction and structure.
• Ensuring good quality of output and better rate of construction.
• Management considerations
• To eliminate costs of workmen’s compensation insurance
• To avoid loss of time due to accidents
• To get greater margin of profit due to minimum cost of construction, operation.
• To generate the confidence and trust of employees

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT
 Safety and Quality Control

Causes of Accidents
Mechanical
Factors
Technical Causes
(unsafe conditions)
Environmental
Factors

Causes of
Accidents Human Causes
Personal Factors
(unsafe acts)

Management
factors

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT
 Safety and Quality Control

Causes of Accidents
Mechanical Factors:
• Unsafe mechanical design or construction.
• Hazardous arrangements (piling, overloading)
• Improper Machine Guarding
• Defective devices
• Improper safety guards
• Protruding nails
• Leaking acid valve

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT
 Safety and Quality Control

Causes of Accidents
Environmental Factors
• Very low temperatures which causes shivering
• Very high temperatures which causes headache and
sweating
• Very high humidity causing uncomfort, fatigue and
drowsiness
• Defective and inadequate illumination which causes
eyestrain, glare, shadow, etc
• Presence of dust, fumes, smoke, toxic, lack of ventilation.
• Noise, bad odor, flash emanating from nearby machinery,
equipment or processes.
• Poor housekeeping.

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT
 Safety and Quality Control

Causes of Accidents
Personal Factors:
• Age and health
• Home environment
• Number of dependents and financial position
• Lack of knowledge and skill
• Improper attitude towards work
• Carelessness and recklessness
• Daydreaming and unattentiveness
• Emotional unstability (eg- jealousy, revengefulness,etc.)
• High anxiety level
• Fatigue
• No use or improper use of safety devices.

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT
 Safety and Quality Control

Causes of Accidents
Management Factors:
• Non availability of safety accessories to the workers
• Lack of safety instructions and training and
communication gap.
• Rapid change in character of work.
• Award of contract to incompetent persons.

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT
 Safety and Quality Control

SAFETY MEASURES
Storage and Handling, Excavation, Scaffolding, Fabrication,

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT
 Safety and Quality Control

Safety measures – Storage and

handling of building materials
• Cement
• Cement bags should be placed in stacks on raised
platform, dry and impervious
• 30cm clearance from any wall
• Stacks should not be more than 12 bags high.
• Lime
• Should be stored in a protective shed to protect it from
dampness.
• Should not be stacked against any wall.
• Storage of unslaked or semihydraulic lime is not
desirable as it deteriorates by absorption of moisture
from atmosphere.

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT
 Safety and Quality Control

Safety measures – Storage and

handling of building materials
• Masonry Units
• Should be stacked on level ground in not more than
1.5m in height.
• Bricks of different types and classification should be
stacked separately.
• Aggregate
• Fine aggregates should be stacked on hard surface or a
platform in such a way to prevent admixture of clay,
dust, vegetable and other foreign matter

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT
 Safety and Quality Control

Safety measures for Excavation

• An experienced and competent foreman or supervisor should
look after the excavation work.
• Before starting the excavation, a complete knowledge of
underground structures ( sewers, water pipelines, gas mains) is
essential to prevent accidents.
• In case of excavations exceeding 2m in depth, the trenches should
be properly shored and timbered.
• Excavated material should be kept away from the edge of the
trench in order to provide a clear berm width of not less than
1/3rd the final depth of excavation.
• Fences or barricades should be erected.

For detailed precautions, reference can be made to IS: 5916-1970

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT
 Safety and Quality Control

Safety measures for Scaffolding

• Every scaffolding should be securely supported or
suspended and properly strutted and braced to
ensure stability.
• All scaffolds and working platforms should be
securely fastened to the building or structure.
• Proper care should be taken care during
dismantling of scaffolds.

For detailed precautions, reference can be made to

IS: 3696 (Part II)-1966

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT
 Safety and Quality Control

Safety measures in Fabrication

and Erection
• All equipments such as gas cutting and welding
sets, drills, power hacksaws should be checked
periodically to ensure their safe working.
• Moving parts of all equipments should be provided
with safety guards.
• Rubber pipelines for oxygen and acetylene gas
should be regularly checked for leakage or damage.
• Power cables should be properly insulated.
• All workers should wear suitable gloves and use
proper welding screens.

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT
 Safety and Quality Control

Who is responsible for safety??

• Safety responsibility begins with who has the ability
to create, control or correct a hazard.
• Construction site safety responsibilities must
consider the impact of OSHA (occupational safety
and health administration).
• OSHA provides in essence that liability shall attach
to the three C’s (those who create, control and/or
correct) a hazard.

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT
 Safety and Quality Control

OSHA provides that the following “employers” shall

be cited for any OSHA violation:
• The employer who actually creates the hazard
• The employer who is responsible, by contract or
through actual practice, for safety and health
conditions on the worksite
• The employer who has the responsibility for
actually correcting the hazard

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT
 Safety and Quality Control

Safety Benefits - Workers

• Preservation of life and health of workers to be of
utmost priority.
• Providing safety training to workers gives
information of emergency procedures and exit
routes, etc.
• By ensuring workers are healthy, productivity on
site is maintained and sick leave is kept on a
minimum.

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT
 Safety and Quality Control

Safety Benefits - Employers

• There is little up-front cost to the owner for
implementing and maintaining the safety programs.
• To avoid the high cost losses caused by injuries,
contractors are required to implement various safety
programs.
• if the contractor has a great workers’ compensation
safety record, the firm is
• more efficient in reducing risks,
• more profitable,
• has more on-time completion of contracts,
• less rework and is in effect,
• actively working to reduce the construction risks to the
owner of the procedures.

Namesh Killemsetty ^ Construction Planning and Management ^ Safety & Quality Control ^ Sem 6 (2014), Civil @OPJIT