UNIT 6 – LISTENING & SPEAKING (2 hours)

ENGLISH IN MEDICINE 1 – GENERAL PRACTITIONER Y2

EMERGENCY MEDICINE
& ONCOLOGY
Editor: Nguyen Hoang Quynh Mai
Email: nguyenhquynhmai@duytan.edu.vn
1. PRONUNCIATION

disease ● disorder ● condition ● sickness ● illness ● ailment ● malady

presentation ● symptom ● sign ● syndrome

etiology ● pathophysiology ● epidemiology ● morbidity rate ● mortality rate

risk stratification ● complication ● differential diagnoses ● treatment

consultation ● prognosis ● consequence ● medication ● prophylaxis

1. PRONUNCIATION

acute benign focal communicable

subacute malignant diffuse febrile
chronic (in)curable mild idiopathic
congenital progressive moderate infectious
hereditary intermittent severe fatal
inherited localize (a)symptomatic traumatic
acquired systemic autoimmune terminal
1. PRONUNCIATION

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

Endotracheal (ET) intubation Urinary catheterization

Nasogastric (NG) tube placement Cricothyrotomy

Central line placement Intravenous (IV) catheter insertion

Lumbar puncture (LP) Mechanical ventilation

1. PRONUNCIATION
1/ Understanding of diseases depends on a clear delineation of the
symptoms, which are manifestations of altered life processes.
Symptoms may range from subjective reports of pain, such as headache
or backache, to visible conditions, such as a swelling or a rash. Common
symptoms include changes in body temperature, fatigue, loss or gain of
weight, and pain or tenderness of muscles or internal organs.
2/ Further examination may reveal the presence of infectious
organisms, as detected by growth in special nutrient solutions; broken
bones seen during radiological examination; changes in the composition
of blood cells; and cancerous growth identified microscopically on
surgically removed tissues.
1. PRONUNCIATION
3/ The field of EM encompasses care involving the acute care of internal
medical and surgical conditions. In many modern emergency departments,
Emergency physicians are tasked with seeing a large number of patients,
treating their illnesses and arranging for disposition - either admitting them
to the hospital or releasing them after treatment as necessary.

4/ The emergency physician requires a broad field of knowledge and

advanced procedural skills often including surgical procedures, trauma
resuscitation, advanced cardiac life support and airway management. They
must have the skills of many specialists - the ability to resuscitate a patient,
manage a difficult airway, suture a complex laceration, treat a heart attack,
manage strokes, conduct and interpret x-rays and ultrasounds.
2. LISTENING

VIDEO 1: Why is it so hard to cure cancer? (home work)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2rR77VsF5c
Listen to this video twice, and fill in the blanks
GG form:
2. LISTENING
1. After billions of dollars in research, we haven't found a solution for a
disease that affects more than _______ people and their families.
2. Some mutations allow cancerous cells to _______ and invade nearby
tissues, or even metastasize to distant organs.
3. For most cancers, treatments usually include a combination of surgery
to remove tumors and radiation and _______ to kill any cancerous cells
left behind.
4. Most cancer treatments are developed using cell lines grown in labs
from _______ of human tumors.
2. LISTENING
5. One of the _______ of aggressive tumors is that they can have multiple
populations of slightly different cancerous cells.
6. Clonal heterogeneity makes treatment difficult because a drug that
works on one subclone may have _______ on another.
7. Cancer cells can also interact with the immune system to actually
suppress its function, keeping it from _______ or destroying the cancer.
8. In theory, even if the rest of the tumor shrinks beyond detection during
treatment, a single residual cancer stem cell could seed the _______ of a
new tumor.
2. LISTENING
1. After billions of dollars in research, we haven't found a solution for a
disease that affects more than 14 million people and their families.
2. Some mutations allow cancerous cells to grow unchecked and invade
nearby tissues, or even metastasize to distant organs.
3. For most cancers, treatments usually include a combination of surgery
to remove tumors and radiation and chemotherapy to kill any cancerous
cells left behind.
4. Most cancer treatments are developed using cell lines grown in labs
from cultures of human tumors.
2. LISTENING
5. One of the complexities of aggressive tumors is that they can have
multiple populations of slightly different cancerous cells.
6. Clonal heterogeneity makes treatment difficult because a drug that
works on one subclone may have no effect on another.
7. Cancer cells can also interact with the immune system to actually
suppress its function, keeping it from recognizing or destroying the cancer.
8. In theory, even if the rest of the tumor shrinks beyond detection during
treatment, a single residual cancer stem cell could seed the growth of a
new tumor.
2. LISTENING

VIDEO 2: How do ventilators work?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDtKBXOEs
oM&t=183s
Listen to this video twice, and fill in the blanks
GG form: https://forms.gle/VsvBbKees5bNrbrc7
2. LISTENING

1/ Today Vesalius’s treatise is recognized as the first description of

mechanical ventilation- a crucial _______ in modern medicine.
2/ When the diaphragm is relaxed, the CO2 _______ alongside a mix
of oxygen and other gases.
3/ Sleep apnea stops diaphragm muscles from _______.
4/ But mechanical ventilators _______ the process, getting oxygen
into the body when the respiratory system cannot.
2. LISTENING

5/ In the late 19th century, ventilation techniques largely focused on

_______ pressure.
6/ In 1928, doctors developed a _______, metal device with pumps
powered by an electric motor.
7/ In most modern ventilators, an embedded computer system allows
for monitoring the patient’s breathing and _______ the airflow.
8/ Because current models are bulky, expensive, and require extensive
_______ to operate, most hospitals only have a few in supply.
2. LISTENING

1/ Today Vesalius’s treatise is recognized as the first description of

mechanical ventilation- a crucial practice in modern medicine.
2/ When the diaphragm is relaxed, the CO2 is exhaled alongside a
mix of oxygen and other gases.
3/ Sleep apnea stops diaphragm muscles from contracting.
4/ But mechanical ventilators take over the process, getting oxygen
into the body when the respiratory system cannot.
2. LISTENING

5/ In the late 19th century, ventilation techniques largely focused on

negative pressure.
6/ In 1928, doctors developed a portable, metal device with pumps
powered by an electric motor.
7/ In most modern ventilators, an embedded computer system allows
for monitoring the patient’s breathing and adjusting the airflow.
8/ Because current models are bulky, expensive, and require extensive
training to operate, most hospitals only have a few in supply.
2. LISTENING
SHORT TALK
1. This IS NOT an example of carcinogens:
A. viruses B. animals C. chemicals
2. DES can be the cause of cancer of the following organ:
A. ovary B. uterus C. vagina
3. Which information about leukemia was mentioned?
A. It is a risk of doctors specialized in radiology
B. It is a malignant condition of red blood cells
C. It can be caused by a specific type of bacteria
2. LISTENING
SHORT TALK
1. This IS NOT an example of carcinogens:
A. viruses B. animals C. chemicals
2. DES can be the cause of cancer of the following organ:
A. ovary B. uterus C. vagina
3. Which information about leukemia was mentioned?
A. It is a risk of doctors specialized in radiology
B. It is a malignant condition of red blood cells
C. It can be caused by a specific type of bacteria
3. SPEAKING

SPEAKING REFLEX
3. SPEAKING

SPEAKING REFLEX
1/ What is prophylaxis?
2/ What is emergency medicine?
3/ What is oncology?
3. SPEAKING
DESCRIBE THE PICTURE
3. SPEAKING
DESCRIBE THE PICTURE
Keywords
Where? Emergency room
(ER)/hospital
What? Thoracentesis/pleural
effusion
Who? Physician/assistant/ med
students/conscious patient
How? Be focused/urgent
3. SPEAKING
DESCRIBE THE PICTURE
3. SPEAKING
DESCRIBE THE PICTURE
Keywords
Where? Oncology center/
hospital
What? Radiotherapy/ brain
tumor
Who? Radiologist/med
students/patient
How? Modern/accurate,
precise target
3. SPEAKING
BASIC HISTORY TAKING
1. Introduce yourself - name 1. Hi, my name is (Trang), I will be
& role your doctor today.
2. Confirm patient details – 2. What is your full name, please?
full name & DoB And your date of birth?
3. Explain the need to take 3. I need to ask you some questions
history to make a correct diagnosis.
4. Gain consent 4. May I sit down and talk to you for
a while?
5. Present complaint 5. What seems to be the problem?
3. SPEAKING
BASIC HISTORY TAKING
6. Ask for details 6. Ask about duration (how long), location
(where), type (how), severity, affecting
factors
7. Other symptoms
7. What else do you feel?
8. Previous health
8. Have you ever been admitted to the
hospital?
9. Summary & next step 9. That’s all I need to know, thank you! Now
the nurse will take you to the lab for
some tests and I will inform you as soon
as we have the results. See you later.
3. SPEAKING
BASIC HISTORY TAKING
Work in pairs to make your own story,
start with a symptom related to any system that you’ve learned.
QUESTIONS
& ANSWERS