THE AIR FORCE SCHOOL, SUBROTO PARK, NEW DELHI-110010

SUMMER HOLIDAY HOME WORK (2023-2024)

CLASS: XII SUBJECT: Chemistry

Topic/Title/ Name of the Chemistry Investigatory Project as per CBSE requirement.

Activity

General instructions/  The project is based on the investigations done in the lab.
Guidelines  You can use all your creativity in making the project.
 The project consists of the following sheets( Use pastel A4 size sheets which
will be spiral binded.
 The following is the sequence of pages:

i) Page 1- Aim / Name of the project

(Illustrate with pictures)
ii) Page -2
Name

Class/section:

Board Roll no.

iii) Page 3 :
Certificate:
(In which you need to write):
This is to certify that ______________ of class ________________
studying in ___________________has completed the project under my
supervision and guidance. All the readings and observations are
authentic. I truly appreciate the efforts and the hard work done in the
accomplishment of this project.

(Signature of the subject teacher)

iv) Page 4
 Acknowledgement:
I express my sincere gratitude to my teacher ----------------
Who helped me in choosing and doing the project. I also express my
gratitude to our lab assistant _______________
for her valuable guidance and providing the required chemicals and
apparatus in the accomplishment of the project. I also thank our lab
attendants ______________ and _______________ for helping me
at every step and without whom this project would not have been
possible.)
v Index

vi) Introduction/Objective
vii) Apparatus/Chemicals required
viii) Theory
ix) Procedure/Observations
x) Result/Conclusion
xi) Precautions(not necessary)

xii)
Significance of the project: How is it useful to
mankind?
Xiv)Bibliography

 You can collect relevant pictures to make your project interesting.

 Please avoid using dark coloured sheets.
 The project should be handwritten.

Criteria / Rubrics for  Accuracy of observations.

assessment  Presentation, illustrations, creativity and neatness!

Practical File  Write all the practicals done in the lab

completion

You may refer to the following links:

https://www.seminarsonly.com/Engineering-Projects/Chemistry/Content-of-Cold-Drinks-Available-in-
the-Market.php

https://www.seminarsonly.com/Engineering-Projects/Chemistry/Determination-of-Contents-of-Tooth-
Powder.php
https://www.slideshare.net/MSaiSankharan/identification-of-cations-and-anions-present-in-toothpaste

https://www.slideshare.net/radhagupta18659041/honey-is-bunny-2

https://www.slideshare.net/saksham1991999/qualitative-analysis-of-coconut-water-chemistry-
investigatory-project-class-12-cbse

LAST DATE OF SUBMISSION OF HOLIDAY HOMEWORK: 07 JULY 2023

HAPPY HOLIDAYS!!!!!
Dear students you are required to solve the two assignments in
homework copy and submit it by 7th July

CHEMISTRY XII ASSIGNMENT 1 – Chapter- Solutions

ASSIGNMENT -2
Ch- 3 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

1. Express the relation among cell constant, resistance of the solution in the cell and
conductivity of the solution. How is molar conductivity of a solution related to its
conductivity?
Answer:
GG* = K
where Q is conductance;
G * is cell constant;
K is conductivity
G* × = K ⇒ G* = RK
∴Λm = S cm2 mol-1

2. The molar conductivity of a 1.5 M solution of an electrolyte is found to be 138.9 S cm2

mol-1. Calculate the conductivity of this solution. Answer:
C = 1.5 M, Λm = 138.9 S cm2 mol-1
Λm =
∴K = = 0.20835 S cm-1

3. A zinc rod is dipped in 0.1 M solution of ZnSO4. The salt is 95% dissociated at this
dilution at 298 K. Calculate the electrode potential.
[ E°Zn /Zn = – 0.76 V]
2+

Answer:
The electode reaction is given as
Zn+2 + 2e → Zn
 Using Nernest Equation

The conductivity of 0.20 M solution of KCl at 298 K is 0.025 S cm-1. Calculate its molar
4. conductivity. (Delhi 2013)
Answer:
Molar conductivity Λm =
Given : K = 0.025 S cm-1, M = 0.20 M
Hence, Λm = ∴Λm = 125 S cm2 mol-1
The conductivity of 0.001 M acetic acid is 4 × 10-5 S/cm. Calculate the dissociation constant of
5. acetic acid, if molar conductivity at infinite dilution for acetic acid is 390 S cm2/mol. Answer:
Given : K = 4 × 10-5 S/cm, M = 0.001 M
Λ°m = 390 S cm2/mol, k = ?
 Using the formula

The standard electrode potential for Daniell cell is 1.1 V. Calculate the standard Gibbs
6. energy for the cell reaction. (F = 96,500 C mol-1)
Answer:
Given : E° = 1.1V, F = 96,500 C mol-5, n = 2
Zn + Cu2 ⇌ Cu + Zn2+
Using ΔG° = -nFE° = -2 × 96500 × 1.1
= 212,300 CV mol-1

State Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Why does the conductivity of a
7. solution decrease with dilution?

Answer:
Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions: The limiting molar conductivity
of an electrolyte (i.e. molar conductivity at infinite dilution) is the sum of the limiting
ionic conductivities of the cation and the anion each multiplied with the number of ions
present in one formula unit of the electrolyte
Λ°m for AxBy = xλ°+ + yλ°–
For acetic acid Λ° (CH3COOH) = λ°CH COO + λ°H
3
– +

Λ°(CH3COOH) = Λ° (CH3COOK) + Λ° (HCl) – Λ° (KCl)

State Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Why does the conductivity of a solution
8. decrease with dilution?
 Answer:
Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions: The limiting molar conductivity of an
electrolyte (i.e. molar conductivity at infinite dilution) is the sum of the limiting ionic
conductivities of the cation and the anion each multiplied with the number of ions present in
one formula unit of the electrolyte
Λ°m for AxBy = xλ°+ + yλ°–
For acetic acid Λ° (CH3COOH) = λ°CH3COO– + λ°H+
Λ°(CH3COOH) = Λ° (CH3COOK) + Λ° (HCl) – Λ° (KCl)

Calculate the degree of dissociation (a) of acetic acid if its molar conductivity (Λm) is 39.05 S
9. cm2 mol-1.
Given: λ°(H+) = 349.6 S cm2 mol-1 and λ°(CH3COO–) = 40.9 S cm2 mol-1
Answer:
Λ°m(HAC) = λ°H+ + λ°AC–
= λ°CH3COOH = λ°H+ + λ°CH3COO–
= 349.6 S cm2 mol-1 + 40.9 S cm2 mol-1
= 390.5 S cm2 mol-1

Following reactions may occur at cathode during the electrolysis of aqueous silver nitrate
10. solution using silver electrodes :

On the basis of their standard electrode potential values, which reaction is feasible at cathode
and why?

Answer:
The value of is positive due to higher standard electrode potential (E° = +0.80 V) of Ag+
than that of H+ so reaction (i) will be feasible at cathode
i.e. + e– → Ag(s). Silver has higher reduction potential.
Following reactions may occur at cathode during the electrolysis of aqueous
11. CuCl2 solution using Pt electrodes:

On the basis of their standard electrode potential values, which reaction is feasible at
cathode and why? (Comptt. All India 2017)
Answer:
Since the standard electrode potential of Cu2+ is greater than that of H+, so reaction (i)
will be feasible at cathod
 i.e. + 2e → Cu
Cu has higher reduction potential.
2+

A copper-silver cell is set up. The copper ion concentration in it is 0.10 M. The concentration
12. of silver ion is not known. The cell potential is measured 0,422 V. Determine the concentration
of silver ion in the cell.
Given :E°Ag+/Ag = + 0.80 V, E° Cu2+/Cu = + 0.34 V.

Answer:
The reaction takes place at anode and cathode in the following ways :
At anode (oxidation) :
Cu(s) → Cu2+(aq) + 2e–
At cathode (reduction) :
Cu(s) + 2Ag2+(aq) → Cu2+(aq) + 2Ag(s)
The complete cell reaction is

The electrical resistance of a column of 0.05 M NaOH solution of diameter 1 cm and

13. length 50 cm is 5.55 × 103 ohm. Calculate its resistivity, conductivity and molar
conductivity.
 Answer:
A = πr2 = 3.14 × (0.5)2 = 0.785 cm2, l = 50 cm

Question 38.
14. A voltaic cell is set up at 25°C with the following half cells :
Al/Al3+ (0.001 M) and Ni/Ni2+ (0.50 M)
Write an equation for the reaction that occurs when the cell generates an electric
current and determine the cell potential.

(Log 8 × 10-6 = -0.54)

Answer:
Half cell reactions and overall cell reaction are
 When a certain conductance cell was filled with 0.1 M KCl, it has a resistance of 85 ohms at
15. 25°C. When the same cell was filled with an aqueous solution of 0.052 M unknown electrolyte,
the resistance was 96 ohms. Calculate the molar conductance of the electrolyte at this
concentration.
[Specific conductance of 0.1 M KCl = 1.29 × 10-2 ohm-1 cm-1] (Comptt.

Answer:
Cell contant = Conductivity × Resistance
G* = K × R
= 1.29 × 10-2Ω-1 × 85
= 109.65 × 10-2Ω-1
= 1.0965 cm-1
 The cell in which the following reaction occurs :
16. 2Fe3+ (aq) + 2I– (aq) → 2Fe2+ (aq) + I2 (s) has E0cell = 0.236V at 298K. Calculate the standard
Gibbs energy and the equilibrium constant of the cell reaction.
(Antilog of 6.5 = 3.162 × 106; of 8.0 = 10 × 108; of 8.5 = 3.162 × 108) (Comptt. All India 2012)
Answer:
log KC = =8
KC = antilog 8 = 1 × 108
ΔG° = -nFE0cell = -2 × 96500 × 0.236
= -45548 J/mol-1
= -45.548 kJ/mol-1
Calculate the emf of the following cell at 298 K: Fe(s) | Fe2+ (0.001 M) || H+ (1M) | H2(g) (1 bar),
17. Pt(s) (Given E°cell = +0.44V)

Answer:
As Fe + 2H+ → Fe2+ + H2 (n = 2)
According to Nernst equation

Conductivity of 2.5 × 10-4 M methanoic acid is 5.25 × 10-5 S cm-1. Calculate its molar
18. conductivity and degree of dissociation.
Given : λ0(H+) = 349.5 Scm2 mol-1
and λ0(HCOO–) = 50.5 Scm2 mol-1.

Answer:
Concentration is 2.5 x 10-4 M
K = 5.25 × 10-5 Scm-1.

Calculate e.m.f. of the following cell at 298 K:

19. 2Cr(s) + 3Fe2+ (0.1 M) → 2Cr3+ (0.01 M) + 3 Fe(s)
Given: E0(Cr3+| Cr) = -0.74 V E0(Fe2+ | Fe) = -0.44 V
 Answer:
Cell reaction: 2Cr(s) + 3Fe2+ (0.1 M) → 2Cr3+ (0.01 M) + 3Fe(s)
Given: E0(Cr3+/Cr) = -0.74
E0(Fe2+/Fe) = -0.44 V

Calculate ΔrG° and log Kc for the following reaction at 298 K.

20.
[Given : = +0.34 V, IF = 96500 C mol-1]

Answer:
 Define molar conductivity of a substance and describe how for weak and strong electrolytes,
21. molar conductivity changes with concentration of solute. How is such change explained?
Ans:
Molar conductivity: Molar conductivity of a solution at a given concentration is tire
conductance of the volume ‘V’ of a solution containing one mole of electrolyte kept between
two electrodes with area of cross section ‘A’ and distance of unit length. It is represented by
Λm (lamda).
Λm = ∴ l = 1 and A = V
∴Λm= KV Unit = S cm2 mol-1
Effect of change of concentrations on molar conductivity. In case of strong electrolytes there is
a small increase in conductance with dilution because a strong electrolyte is completely
dissociated in solution and the number of ions remains constant. Moreover there will be
greater inter-ionic attractions at higher concentrations which retards the motion of ions and
conductance decreases. In case of weak electrolytes there is increase in conductance with
decrease in concentration due to the increase in the number of ions in the solution.
The graph between Λm and concentration also rectifies the above statement.

(a) Following reactions occur at cathode during the electrolysis of aqueous silver
22. chloride solution:
Ag+(aq) + e-1 ————> Ag(s) E° = +0.80 V
H (aq) + e ———–> 1/2H2(g)
+ -1
E° = 0.00 V
On the basis of their standard reduction electrode potential (E°) values, which reaction
is feasible at the cathode and why?
(b) Define limiting molar conductivity. Why conductivity of an electrolyte solution
decreases with the decrease in concentration?
Answer:
 (b) Limiting molar conductivity is the maximum conductivity when solution is infinitely dilute,
such that on further dilution there is no increase in Am. Conductivity decreases with decrease
in concentration because number of ions per unit volume decrease.
(a) Following reactions occur at cathode during the electrolysis of aqueous sodium
23. chloride solution:
Na+(aq) + e-1 ——-> Na(s) E° = – 2.71 V
H+(aq) + e-1 ——–> 1/2H2(s) E° = 0.00 V
On the basis of their standard reduction electrode potential (E°) values, which reaction
is feasible at the cathode and why?
(b) Why does the cell potential of mercury cell remain constant throughout its life?
Answer: (a) H+(aq) + e-1 —-> ~H2(g) will take place at cathode because it has higher reduction
potential.
(b) It is because ions are not involved in net cell reaction.

Conductivity of 2.5 X 10-4M methanoic acid is 5.25 X 10-5 S cm-1 Calculate its molar
24. conductivity and degree of dissociation.
Given: A°(H+) = 349.5 S cm2 mol-1 and A°(HCOO– ) = 50.5 S cm2
Answer:

(a) Predict the products of electrolysis in each of the following:

25. (i) An aqueous solution of AgNO3 with platinum electrode.
(ii) An aqueous solution of H2S04 using platinum electrode.
(b) Estimate the minimum potential differences needed to reduce Al2O3 at
500°C. The gibbs free energy change for the decomposition reaction
 Answer:

Define and express the relation between conductivity and molar conductivity
26. for the solution of an electrolyte.
Answer: Conductivity is defined as ease with which current flows through an electrolyte. It is
the reciprocal of resistance.
Molar conductivity is the conductance of all the ions produced by 1 mole of electrolyte when
electrodes are unit distance apart and have sufficient area of cross section to hold electrolyte.
AM =1000K /M
where K is conductivity, M is molarity and Am is molar conductivity.

Calculate the potential for half-cell containing 0.10 M K2Cr207(aq), 0.20 M Cr3+(aq)
27. and 1.0 X 104M H+(aq). The half-cell reaction is
K2Cr207–(aq) + 14 H+(aq) + 6e-2 ——–> 2Cr3+(aq) + 7H20(l)
and the standard electrode potential is given as E°= 1.33 V.
Answer: