Liên từ phụ Cách dùng Ví dụ

thuộc
After/ Before diễn tả thời gian, một việc xảy  Before going to bed, she had
ra sau/ trước một việc khác – finished her homework
sau/ trước khi  After we dicussed in a hour,
we soluted our problem
Although/ biểu thị hai hành động trái  Even though her job is hard,
though/ even ngược nhau về mặt logic – mặc her salary is low
though dù  Her salary is low, although
her job is hard

As diễn tả hai hành động cùng xảy  I am telling you this as a

ra – khi; hoặc diễn tả nguyên friend
nhân – bởi vì
As long as diễn tả điều kiện –chừng nào  My jacket is as long as her
mà, miễn là dress
As soon as diễn tả quan hệ thời gian – ngay  It rained as soon as she leave
khi mà the house
Because/ Since diễn tả nguyên nhân, lý do – bởi  Since he had not paid his bill,
vì his electricity was cut off
 Because I was ill for six
months, I lost my job
Even if diễn tả điều kiện giả định mạnh  Even if he comes here, I will
– kể cả khi not forgive him
If/ Unless diễn tả điều kiện – nếu/ nếu  Please don’t call me unless
không you have an urgent problem
 You will fail the test if you do
not study hard
Once diễn tả ràng buộc về thời gian –  I had only been to Paris once
một khi on vacation last year
Now that diễn tả quan hệ nhân quả theo  I worked long hours so now
thời gian – vì giờ đây that I’m very sleepy
So that/ in diễn tả mục đích – để  I study hard in order to pass
order to the exam

Until diễn tả quan hệ thời gian,  She waited my house until it

thường dùng với câu phủ định – was dark
cho đến khi
When diễn tả quan hệ thời gian – khi  When you see it yourself,
you’ll surely believe it.
Where diễn tả quan hệ về địa điểm –  This is her hometown where
nơi she was born and grew up
 While diễn tả quan hệ thời gian – trong  While he was talking, his
khi; hoặc sự ngược nghĩa giữa 2 baby slept
mệnh đề
In case/ in the diễn tả giả định về một hành  In case it will rain, please take
event that động có thể xảy ra trong tương an umbrella when you go out.
lai – trong trường hợp, phòng
khi.
Exercise
I. Choose the best conjunction for each sentence.
1. I don't drink coffee ________ it makes me nervous.
o a. as
o b. although
2. Jerry passed the exam first time ________ I had to retake it three times.
o a. while
o b. as
3. ________ my wife likes to travel abroad, I prefer to stay at home for my
vacations.
o a. Since
o b. Whereas
4. ________ Mei Li doesn't speak English, she can't go to university in Canada.
o a. Whereas
o b. Since
5. I will be late today ________ my car has broken down.
o a. because
o b. though
6. Jun couldn't buy any Christmas presents ________ he didn't have any money.
o a. because
o b. even though
7. ________ it was raining, I didn't get wet.
o a. Although
o b. Because
8. Paula got the job ________ she had no experience.
o a. even though
o b. as
II. Choose the correct answer
1. ___ he worked hard all year long, he wasn’t able to buy his father an
expensive gift.
a. Since
b. Because
c. Even though
2. ___ he didn’t have much money, he wasn’t able to buy his father an
expensive gift.
a. Even though
b. Because
c. Although
3. ___ he didn’t have much money, he was still able to buy an expensive
gift for his father.
a. Unless
b. Although
c. As long as
4. ___ he worked hard all year long and was able to earn a lot of money, he
bought his father a very expensive gift.
a. Though
b. Although
c. Since
5. ___ spend a lot of money on a gift, he made a present for his father.
a. Before
b. Rather than
c. If only
 6. ___ he buys his father an expensive gift, he won’t buy anything for
himself.
a. While
b. Until
c. When
7. ___ he was shopping for an expensive gift for his father, he realized he
didn’t have any money.
a. Even if
b. While
c. Unless
8. ___ he bought an expensive gift for his father, he felt tremendous joy.
a. When
b. Unless
c. Till
9. ___ he buys his father an expensive gift, he needs to make sure he has
enough money.
a. After
b. Before
c. Unless
10.___________ Terry was talking on the phone and not paying attention,
her kids were making a big mess in the kitchen.
a. Because
b. After
c. While
III: Điền những từ trong bảng sau vào chỗ trống thích hợp
Although | Until | While | Because | As long as | Even if | So that
1. She has decided to move to Portland ___________ there are more
opportunities for employment in that city.
2. You can borrow my car _____________ you agree to be very careful with it.
3. Our neighbor is going to buy a gun __________ she can protect herself from
intruders who break into her apartment.
4. ___________ he can save a lot of money by taking the bus, Russ still drives
his car into the city every day.
5. Ronald is going to finish his homework ____________ it takes him all night.
6. My daughter can't wait _____________ she gets her new bike.