Alleta, Carl Jhon C.

Electronics Circuits

ANALOG MULTITESTER

Analog Multi-tester - are those that have a moving needle that stops on a number that is printed on the
background behind the moving needle. The number that the needle stops on indicates the volts, ohms,
or amps the meter is measuring depending on how the control knob is set. Analog multi-meters are
cheaper than digital multi-meters but not as robust or simple to use. Analog multi-meters are preferred
by some technicians because the movement of the needle can show you some things that are not so
obvious with digital multi-meters.

POINTER- The needle-shaped rod that moves over the scale of a meter. It is mechanically connected to
the moving coil. It indicates the measured values on the multi-meter.

RANGE SELECTOR KNOB/selector switch- makes it possible to select different functions and ranges of
the meter.

ADJUSTMENT SCREW– makes it possible to adjust the pointer to the zero position of the scale.

SCALE–is a series of marking used for reading the value of quantity. Scale can have different types of
scale, for voltage and current readings the scales have mostly linear which means equal division for
resistance.

TEST PROBE- Positive (red) and negative (black) is use to connect the circuit to the electrical
components being tested.

ZERO-OHM ADJUSTMENT KNOB–is used to zero in the pointer before measuring resistance
 DIGITAL MULTI-TESTER

1. Display The display on a DMM is normally easy to see and read. Most have four digits, the first
of which can often only be either a 0 or 1, and there will normally be a + / - indication as well.
There may also be a few other smaller indicators such as AC / DC etc dependent upon the model
of DMM
2. Main connections There will be some main connections for the probes to connect to. Although
only two are needed at any one time, there may be three or four. Typically these may be:
3. Common - for use with all measurements and this will take the negative or black lead and probe

a. Volts, ohms, frequency - this connection is used for most measurements and will take the
positive or red lead and probe.
b. Amps and milliamps - this connection is used for the current measurements and will again
take the red lead and probe.
c. High current - there is often a separate connection for high current measurements. Care
must be taken to use this rather than the low current connection if high levels of current are
anticipated

` These are typical connections for a multimeter and each model of multimeter may have ts own
`requirements and connections.

4. Main switch - There will usually be a single main rotary switch to select the type of
measurement to be made and the range that is needed.
5. Additional connections - There may be additional connections for other measurements such as
temperature where a thermocouple will need its own connections. Some meters are also able to
measure the gain of transistors, and these will require separate connections on the meter.
6. Additional buttons and switches - There will be a few additional buttons and switches. The
main one will obviously be the on/off button. Other functions including items such as peak hold
may also be available

The switches and controls are normally set out with the main range switch occupying the central
position within the multimeter panel. The display typically occupies a position at the top of the
instrument so that it is easy to see and it is free from being obscured by leads also it can still be seen if
the switch is being operated

Any additional switches are typically located around the main switch where they can be reached very
easily.

The connections for the test leads are normally located at the bottom of the front panel of the meter. In
this way that can be reached easily, but the leads do not obstruct the operation and view of the
switches and the display.
Another type of Digital Multi-tester with detailed parts.

Ac Voltage/Frequency: This function allows us to measure Ac Voltage of any circuit and the Frequency
of any signal. The measured range of voltage and frequency depends on the multimeter operating range
as per manufacturing specifications.

Dc Voltage: With help of this function we measure Dc voltage of any circuit and analyze the circuit
condition as per our requirement. We measure the voltage of the Dc battery, cell, etc.

milli Voltage Dc/Ac: This function allows us to measure the low voltage ranges such as millivolts,micro
volts, etc. This function is introduced because the high voltage range function the measured value
should not be as accurate as the milliVolt function.

Resistance: This function allows us to measure the resistance across any circuit. This function is denoted
by the ohms symbol. The range of measured resistance should be selected from the Range switch.

Continuity: With help of this function we can check the continuity between any two circuit nodes or
measure the continuity of any component e.g. Diode in Forward Bias, Zero ohms resistance.

Diode/Capacitance: This function allow us to check the functionality of diode and we can check the
diode with help of this function. With help of this function we can also measure the capacitance of any
circuit or capacitor.

Ac current/Dc current: This functions allow us to make the measurement of Ac current and Dc current
by putting multimeter in series with the circuit. We should take care while measuring current because if
connections are not ok it will result in the burning of current fuse.

Auto Switch: Auto switch enables automatic detection of incoming signal and set the function
automatically which is inputted. We should select this switch before measuring any parameter.

Hold Swtich: This switch enables us to hold the measured value on seven segment display.

Function Switch: Function switch in digital multimeter set the parameter to be measured and only
enable the parameter which we want to measure.

Measurement of Dc Voltage: To measure the Dc voltage with help of Digital multimeter firstly set the
selector switch on Dc voltage.Now connect the Voltage/ohms lead to + end of cell and common lead to -
end of cell

Measurement of Ac Voltage: For measurement of Ac voltage firstly set the selector switch to Vac and
after that connect connection leads to ac source whose voltage is need to measured

Measurement of Resistance: For measuring the resistor of any resistor or resistance of any circuit firstly
select the selector switch on resistance and connect the leads

Continuity Check: For continuity check set selector switch on continuity and connect the leads as per
beow picture.If circuit have very low resistance then digitsl multimeter create beep sound.

Ac current Measurement: For the measurement of Ac current firstly set selector switch to Ac current
and then connect the leads as per the below picture (in series with circuit).Note please make connection
tight and correct for correct measurement.