By IAS PCS Pathshala

All Environmental Conventions & Organisations

Silent Spring is an environmental

science book by Rachel Carson.
Published on September 27,
1962, the book documented the
environmental harm caused by
the indiscriminate use of
pesticides.
It meticulously described how
DDT entered the food chain and
accumulated in the fatty tissues
of animals, including human
beings, and caused cancer and
genetic damage.

Bioaccumulation takes place in a

single organism over the span of its
life, resulting in a higher
concentration in older individuals.

Biomagnification takes place as

chemicals transfer from lower trophic
levels to higher trophic levels within
a food web, resulting in a higher
concentration in apex predators.

Bioaccumulation -> same

organism
7 Apex Predator (Eagle) blo Tropics Level
Biomagnification
->

3.2
Carnivores (Snakes

P. Consumer Merbivores (Rabbit

Producer Plants
 Timeline Environmental Convention
of
①
1972 -

UN
conference
on Human Environment (Stockholm Conf.)
-

Stockholm, Sweden.

Int. Environmental Law.

amagance of
-

environment conservation
Stockholm Declaration
principle for
-

Pollution
policies, wildlife, Natural Resources,
-

Mass Destruction, edit He

weapon of
>
India LIndira Gandhil

Doverly
Reduction
Ecological Mang
->

United >Wildlife
Protection
⑨ Nation Environment
Programme Act, 1972

MR-Nairobi, Min Envi (1985)

Kenya of
5 June 1972 (50
years)
-

-
assist
developing countries to
implement environmental policies

① panel (IPC)
Intergoverments
WMOTUNER climate
change
on

Implementinag gencies lobal environmentfacility

& Multilateral
of
a
 CBD
③ UNEP holds secretaints
of: MCM

CMS

CITES

(GEF)
#Global Environment
facility
-
est & Ris Earth Summit (1992)-independent financial orgn.
REDD+,
-

biodiversity, climate
change, ozone

layd,
pols -> provide related activities.
grant
to

CBD
financial Mechanism
serves as
for
-

UNFCCC

UICCD

M2M

Stockholm Convention on POPs

③ 1972-limits to
Report
growth -

Club
of Rome Released
Paper.
-

MIT Research Team & Donald Meadows

beyond a limit, development cannot

possible.
-

limit
of
our
ecosystem
to absorb waste a
replenish
-

materials;-world collapsed alt

raw
by century.
Product",
variable used-Population, Pollution,
Agricultural
-

Natural Resources, Industrial Production.

④ protection
lay
1985-Vienna convention ozone
for of c

>Austria
⑤ Montreal Protocol protection
1987
for
ozone
- -

stratospheric ozone

phase out
depleting
-

ozone substance.

universal
only global
environment
firstand trety-> ratification
-

(197 parties)

⑥ 187-Brundland Report our Common future)

Environment and
-

by World Commission on
Development.
Brundland commission] L 1988, created
by
UH

'sustainable Development' coined

⑦ Panel
18
Intergovernmental on Climate
change
-

UNEP+ "wMo Intergovernmental

na:
Genera
Body; I
does not its vescaroh. Share works
carry
own
-

Assessment
of
various working group as
Reports

Report 6th
is 1990
Recently Report.
- -

induced climate
human

↑
change, impacts, mitigation
adaption.
 ⑧ 1992 -

United Nation
conference on Environment &
Development
(UNCED) / Earth Summit
-

20 to Rio de Janerio L3-14 June)

years
Stockholm
conference Development Environment
Integration
+
->

~
Imp. Initiatives

① Global Environment
facility.
Importants Agreements
① UNFCCC United Nation framework convention climate
change.
on
-

-
1992
signed 2198 partics) -> entered into
force 1994.

set
provide framework for
negotiating protocols
- -
to

binding limits on quas.

not
legally binding.
-

Parties
conference of
parties to convention meet
annually
-
-

assers
progress.
to

Protocol
for developed
COPS
Kyoto legally binding obligation
-
-

(1997)
countries to reduce GMGs.

2002-COP8-Delhi
 2005-cop11 -

Montreal, Canada
Protocol
CMP1
Kyoto Ratified
-

2015-cOpal-Paris (Paris
Agreement)
(CMPI)

2016 2017 2018 2019 2021 2072 2023

28
2011 (1)
222) (3) Lus 15
↓ ↓ ↓
I
↓ ↓
Marrakesh, Katowice, Madrid, shake.
Glasgow
Bonn,
Expo
(Uk+Italy) EgyptCity,
Poland Spain
Germany
Movocio

Dubai

Parties
categories of
-
3

Annex I Annex II
Developing
Nations
industrialized Developed
countries; not countries

(EU)
(play financial
role

in development of
countries
developing
②
Biological
UN-CBD-convention on
Diversity
legally binding treaty.
-

it.
-

All UN members (except us]

ratified
 3
goals② ③
conservation sustainable utilisation and
equitable
of fair
Biological Diversity of Benefit
its
sharing of benefits
arising from
genetic
resource
Two
supplementary Agreement:
Protocol (2000)
Cartagena Biosafety
# on

and
safe handling, transport use LMOs.
of
-

India
ratified.
-

Protocol (2010)
#

Nagoya
on Access and
Benefit shaving
India
party.
is
-

International Genetic
Plant for Food and
Treaty Resources
# on

(2001)
Agriculture force
-> 2004

International seed
treaty.
-

aka

-
ensure
food
resources.
securitythe conservation
of plant
genetic
Rio Declaration on Environment and
#3
Imp Domments Development

Agenda
21

Forest
Principles
 ⑨ 1994-UNCL$-UD convention to combat
Desertification
no-Bonn,
Germany
1994
signed
-

land
prevent and revere
degradation.
-

/Legally Binding. India ratified (1990)

Agenda
Recommendation Rio 21.
-

of Conference

⑩ 1997 Protocol
Kyoto
-

(16M feb)
-

Adopted -

1997; force-2005
Itcommitment
-

prid:2008-12
-and 11
If
·2013-2020

-
Set
internationally binding
emissions
target.
Common But
Differentiated Responsibility reduce current
-

the basis
responsibility.
emission historic
on
of

Flexibility Mechanism

International
&
② clean Development & Joint
Mechanism implementation
trading
Emission
⑪ 2002-World Summit on Sustainable Development
-
Rio+10

Declaration
-

Johannesburg
⑫ 205 Kyoto Protocol Ratified
⑬108-UN REDD
Programme MD: Geneva

Emissions and forest

Reducing from Deforestation
->

Degradation.
-> FAO+ UNDP + UNEP

# REDD+
Programclimate
-

voluntary change mitigation prog developed by

face.
parties to

incentivize countries
-

developing
⑭ 2012- United Nation
conference on Sustainable Development

⑬
(legally Binding)
115-cop 15 -
Paris Deal

keep global any temp

below
to 2 above pre-industrial
level, and limit the increase to 1.5c

Determined contributions
(Nationally
NDa
#
⑩ Amendment
Kigali
2016:

legally binding IS
-

-
amendment to Montreal Protocol.

- reduce consumption and production of Mrs.1)

ahas
-

Some other Treaties and conventions

Imp
Bonn convention
① convention on
migratory species (CMS) (or

1979, conserve
migratory species.
-

② Ramsar convention on wetlands

-
1971
adopt.

③ Stockholms convention on POPs (2001)

-ens"
"Dirty
④ Basel convention (1989)

Movement Hazardous Waste

of Transboundary
Control
of
-

Rotterdam Convention (1998)

⑤
-

global trade
of hazardous chemicals.
⑥ Minamata Convention (2013)

emission
-

prevent of Mercury.

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