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    概率论与数理统计教程 茆诗松(第2版)

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    102 views534 pages

    概率论与数理统计教程 茆诗松 (第2版)

    Uploaded by

    sdsd asdsada

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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PLA BERL HY C1) a BORE TH, APT He TE TT OAT A Pe (2) RIB, He BUA (3) RABE A HE ae Th BY eB (4) SERRE See, BL 1) 3 (5) BRK ey BE ACE LEP) RDB ii BLE Se bY Rt AN) AF SE A BL RE i I BOR cy ARS APL LR EAS A ON SB A A ee AS HE SE) ESF BR (HN SEM THESE A) AS AS ME TT Se BE PE AE Fak SS i LI Se {LA PE AAS fe A LBL 1s 11.2 AS PLS RA - 9) a fe EAS 29s AN WR SR Pe HR AR TA IY = | | FE LPR wae R- PEAS SJE ea RR Fie 8. A Bi l1.2 Pi a 1.1 FEL LS APE A 23 Ul - ) a — ACB TH AY EAE TAD 0, = 1@,.0,| SE @, PEATE MOE ew, 2 TL LLL (2) FR RF EARS TQ, = |, 0, 21,2, 66, ti OY UE EO TE (3) RPL MEA HH 1 Ie AC = 10,1, SO” Pea — FE ATG A I HH oh FE co, AeA RE ak, [1.2.9.6]. 0°" ea — RAAT AE a, TEI. Ss BAT AA EARL A EL RT A BA HE AS EE BE FAR ATA HE BH BE EE] — FUE A AIRF AG A FAB SRE «DOE AS BES SR SAR BH (4) LABS fir fy EAS SS fll 9 2, = ft 20). (5) SUEDE BE HORE AZ MH I 2, = | xr— ee Pay BL SA id A FL URE A=" ah BLA BOR" dk — PE A= 11,3, 4,5,6| H-* FS. DB LAR. KEIR. TRIE HY TS IB TEDL LAE PP ASE (1) fE St A BEM AAAS li] 2, UTE — 1 BRIE th JL I BB PE A SLID LL 1S IEPs Ay ER ( Venn) EA. (2) SFA PREPARE T SEDI TE A RAT MUERTE A Bee BL A OR A AT (3) FEET ASR & dere, th OT DB ER ie HB. (4) PEARS TAO ATER ONE Beg A RA A ABABA Ta) 0 WSK FE (BY AS) a) 2 ASR ANE SEE ( . BR UAT HE ASS Td BE PP A=" HH BUT AR” EH OA TEA att Ey SRLABS 2H BY = SFE BEE C=“ th BLN ABD F 7” EH 2 ie BIAS SEE A. BEE = th LAE 6” 0 EFAS BAR CE D of FILA D JES MH ARTY RENEE 1.1.4 REALE FH Be 715 ALL SI 8 Ay BSE HA BEN YZ Ba. é ef i 5 OB LEE Ar IGE SO MAH - He fF Ae ALI A J Of LE FF ANTS 4B BULIMIA FAS BR AB HE aE PE AR OH PDE SAE ELE WRF. ANSE Ty 2,3,4,5,6 iM. ee +3,4,5,6" #1, aA Al, Bf FA“ X>3" fan. 0 SZaT EA HT HEE. PERE POLLY Be BEE Y=" BE SR BAY CHC” WN) Y LO. i] 3 — FE AL. a RL PPR A LY LBL at J AS BARTELL © aE HBO Ae”. ESB A PEON PI — 4S BOLL I Be AS TT A 4d ASD BL fay Be LY He tg BEETS. PILLS FPL RUPLI NOIR EIR HE Oe RECT HA x SUG TLE RL. AOA EF i BD TE PRA DB > 2 A RA JETER BAER SY Bk aR A = Ran a (2s0 51 AY BELA ELS =O" Beas BEE AS LES Hh” 5 SLAB arte th” PERCE LO PEF ah SEP AS 4 Ait fh eV Sk — 4 BL Ee ELT BIO, 2,710 98 11 fi. AL RHE RSE LA" A VS 1" eas O” Bean aE UE" 4 ke Ata”. “Y= 10" ABE IEA Hh” REM S. © 8 ¥<10" aR aE OQ. CHES RAR CA a a 5X HEE F BALL hy HEFL D7 HB 25 SAY CM FB BLE OTE BEN FEL. LLS BMRA TF WD He AS BEBE Dd — SE A 2 Fd CF — BL) PE TE A AY GAA TR — PE BEAT LP LFA: —. ARKAR RE A REA AGHA CBR BOA MORE ME ei BLE A 2 BF UE — UR EE A=" HSB 4” 4 Be A a BARE HAC B. SCH EL LOLI AE Air TALE 10 000 h (id WHEE A= | T>10 000} ) fu 7 eet 20.000 h (42948 (4 B= | T>20 000) ) SW) ADB, HLA 1.1.3. BF BWR A BEL HE BC WLR 1.1.2) ae B fo BOR B Rte. ® 10000 20000 T PH 1.1.3 | 7>10 000) > | T>20 000| WHEY A BA DCACA =. HERR WURAME A SEP BAKE EA HORE AR fa LIT ABW ACB A BCAA A BE Pal SE A ABLE FG AR YAS Va i A Td PA LLL.6 PETER LL A ICE BN RIF BY CE A PCB ik SEE PRE 09 By — i} AB FE HE 2A Be RE BB BA BRAD GRA BH: TLL A=B. PLAT SA a TEED SRR (a 5b BAPE) MPA MER CBI 9G a. A HEA aie a AH JL BR Se RE” LLB HCE ¢E HRS RA 1) RAR. A AB EL PREAH Wk INA GBA =A J SORE PBB EW ACB SZ i AE AHP SERRA" JL" He eS A 2 Se RAE NB BE IRE A J FB ih EL BEAR as, AA HF AB. 36 (OS ULDMR Se BR A APE SCTE RT AER SS ) ABCA, th SEA A= B. . BRS RU A 15 BATA TAA AS CULE 114), sd SPE A 5 BHAT. FR IE HI AGR ® RAE EE A SPE B AS Uf ay 3 LEH, OL BL AG ip RS PAP aie NF LG ly By 5S Rp AE S Fa Net” AE PEAS A A fA Py EAC AS A Pe Wii4 Ag RRA 1.1.6 HANI SEPA ERS IG IE A AIFS ER Se —. BAS BH WEA AUB. He ON ERE AS BE AEE ALR AEE” COLI 1.1. 5). SRA RIE TTS IFAW RITA—%) AG BRREDH—t ‘nO — URS FO AEE A =“ oh Bi af 11,3,5) ica AY RMR aE 3” =11,2,3) IA Ag BI AUB=]1,2,3,5]. . BAS BR ANB, aA AB. LA AEP Ay B ASSAY RR AC Se A TBE” SLPS 1.1. 6). BR AB TE 9 Heh A 5 B Telit 2 le | Ce | PALS ASB SF Wi16 ARB Ie fn — NO aN TL A= A RA” = 135] R= “1H LI BAS aE 3" = 1.2.3) WA BY : HE A 4G BARA MIC AB HT AE SEE, BY AB = @ , BE ZB GSH AB = ORR A BAA. {VPRO IF 538 Im HE PLLA, BPE A A UA, Bemtrntt. Ua, Baar ae, A, HATS, OVA, Be RIZE. HAA OWE 7 aa CAN Hi CED A HT te Bo AOE FIC AY I a BLS MEE A AUN EE” (WUE 1.1.7) QD (0) A-B (0) 4-B (ADB) FLAT Ce] — ARE 9a FE A= PR “LAY ALAR SE 3” = 11,2,3| WU AXE BIE A-B= | {1,3,5} ice B= iL N ALE MAT |X=saj =|X ) I 5S YA IS IE ST HE th — OT 9 RTE OK. eit bk A FRPP A ZB AR AT A SB EF OE BA EE EDR AY 9 SEER FSC yt A ZR ( Borel ) Be HE 3 HP 1 FER (HEAD) SR BE AR RE, eg TAM GS eA SEE. PLT (SFR) HERES] OR on PAA SE D, D2, D, VEE OS — ABB II P= | Dy Dy Dy SERS TEL PA HER i D, BAA LU Ap BAVA LEAR RG BEAT OE FP AT Da ET DA i Be a) (LA TL 1.4. 3 NY EERE ASE). EA HLL 9 PR I AR EL RCA mn. EG He EAE RAL AB Le AS HO A) PLB EP ‘Hee SE PE aE UB EAS HG BD. a DAT Be a ED ST ELBE GIR A HH EH EH PT BE AE BE SL St yt A D,=\\x-ml-3a\ (AA Hii) J PE BIE 68K BE TH AAS D= (ce , 2 ) RISER YY PEAS HE AE AE ASP P=) D, DD, D,| . A(T] HY WEE ABE BR i FE Hh 3} BY = | D, ,D,, Dy Da \ FPS) AT BE 8) I BR 5 SR SA Re PSH TE AI i oF) PALA SH 1 CZ). BALES 2° = 16 FAA SEE ESE RR MM MT. WE EAP HM = | Dy Dy yD, | em ASAI SEL IU SE 7 A 1 A (PA) SERA 2 PASTELS AE CE. SPAT Bh HS LE — 9 SH EE EET AF PA LA 1A 4. syos 3] @ Ll 1. 5 as A ALB i HE A i] (1) WERE: (2) HE MURS: (3) ed — BOUT ACE AE Tay abs (4) FURRIERS IG ECR — 4 BA EMR AR DH Bet A> Rad) — 4 5 (5) CREA ALD LER PA ERIC AR EA PE — 4 ATES 2 Fe BC TD AF HY LTE Gy Z.) RF — AR a OP a 5 A CG F) UA — CET RMR AP a AB A SE AS OA A 3. A,B,C HSB dea FA me (1) A,B,C Wb 2 A BAR BEA (2) A,B,C PRE F—PRE 3) ABC PRS FHTRE: (4) A,B,C P EDA A TRE. 4. RLF UME EE ER RO FR A (1) AuB=A; (2) ABA. S. BEX Ay RU UL OM, SOE ASS Hy = 105 N <2), iH A= 10. 5<¥e1|, B= 10. 25 y = tf = estgue 011 (9) =1.4 hee (4) BHA Anta PRK —+t MARE, ESE eum cn SCAR een fac") eee fy r WHERE n. REALS Ren LL aT A AG NG TE hE FL tk ee RE, LP 1.2. 1) UHL 6 PSE REIL at — We A ae FO" He — i. P12. 1 mR ROR A PTT 2k Hr tmeMaltonxearax lol lel MBIA Ue. AE n NTE IRL 3 Ok JED r Oe RSET 0 "0" one 1 SOU Tk bel Wit BRAY POO" AL ed POT" EP BR TPE ANA 1” AS HY EA oh SEAT nr AN UY ELSE C5 AS dA i Be 8 AS TS Dh et ner) MERE EE r PCO” , a te i Ae 1 PE” a ja ") an, EPR PUA AILS EBL EAR TE AE RO BO A, ALTE EEA A SOE A SE. 1.2.3 PERRHARAK SE EA BD RE He OAH 9B FD ke PS HTK EAA: (1) SAREE A KY BAL LUA AT ik SHE AT. (2) FE m WES BEEP ie (A) EE AH I CB, SK nA) EE A Hy SRB. A a(A) SA) == (1.2.4) n ye th A Hy BA RR. (3) AITO KI SBR Ae «RF ES uBR f(A) RE AME RUE TR i By BB A i ALR A RE. —_—_ REG WU = ARERR PN EARL EL 9 A 1) ESIC HL, AT HL — >a RE A SE GR EE ADA A. ORT AOR T LEP eA BLY ELA HE eA BEA a LR Of A AE) — HEE ALL, ED MAT Bett J CA PM A «EL AN I Hee, ATTA eR AR ar AA BE ACN, AYA Rt 1930 468 1988 AF LIE Ai 53.274 HAA RIL HE TST HEMT AY 1S 382 PAR OAT LL 172 Ap din fee aH 4 Fi aR PE EPL LL 172715 382 =0. 726. ESM FULD SE HAR sre re 5 TE ME PRY TOT A PLE A A SE AUB MY SECOT PL SA TEOEOY A A TRCN BAYS OSI EATING AED AE (AU B)= (A) 4n( BD, Nite BAU BD. n(A) + n(B) n f(A UB) = n(A) n PA1.2.1 ROA RUE TEN BIT. C1) AB TR SEAT AR DA GOL BT BR LH ER +B 70a) + f(B). 1 AAAS PA HE AT LE HE I i BU aT ES. a 9 9 Ta Te TT 0.5. R121 FLLORGRAMATAR Tt HoT LTE EC RE 4% (De Morgan ) 2.048, 1061 0.518 1 §85F (Buffon) 4.040 2048 0.506 9 ‘thay (Feller) 10 000 4979 0.4979 BEAR Pearson) 12.000 6019 0.501 6 HR 24 000 12012 0,500 5 (2) HBF EE LE AAI He He Ha SBR HC TAs BRT DHE AS HB A BL BE iP AP. (E26 PIRI A He LI LING IE ATA HS A AT Mea aE REPT SE, BEB A PF A BE EC BE 1.2.2). RE DEIE MTT ME WL ABE A AS BLT ( Dr (8 Se eH EF BG AB) ATER. HY SRT CF BL OP He ed OE) AB A ay i A. R22 ROSH Fe FLAS FE ADE Fat DE E 0. 126 8 L. 0.039 4 P 0.0186 T 0.097 8 D 0.038 9 B 0.0156 0.078 8 u 0.028 0 v 0.0102 0 0.077 6 ¢ 0.026 8 k 0.0060 1 0.0707 F 0.025 6 % 0.0016 N 0,070 6 M 0.024 4 J 0.0010 s 0.063 4 w 0.021 4 Q 0,000 9 R 0.059 4 v 0.020 2 2 0.0006 H 0.0573 G 0.018 7 (3) GRE AE a ates DEE BS Hh Ae BALE EAT St a A EA FS AE EE A TY BOM (Laplace ,1794—1827) , {UXT 48 BCE 14 48 AERA 4 285 TL ICH A BEDE AT OEE , BE BL A RAE TE 21/43 AAA. SRIF RHEL AG ( Cramer, 1893—1985 ) JSS 1935. AF A BE Dr BT HE He 1.2.3), BEE EH eH BE HE 0. 482 Ac Ai ah. . RAL HRS RAHEEM MR At 1 2 3 4 s 6 BOL | 7.280 6 957 7 883 7 884 7892 7609 KBR | 3537 3.407 3 866 371 3775, 3 665, RR | 0.486 0.490 0.490 0.471 0,478 0.482 Att 7 8 9 10 uw 2 ae ie | 7585 7393 «72036903552 7:132 | 88273 Bm | 3621 359 34913391360 3.371 | ASO we | 0.477 0.486 0.485 0.491 0.482 0.473 | 0.4825 1.2.4 WERE ARH SERRA RT IE ROAR EE RG TP REE ATE. Es PAC AG BESANT RO Re AEA BAR SH AL BOR FOAL BSI Ws AEA LAI (1) BBY BO RUBIN SAT AT AL PRR HS BID m7 (2) AB REA ARSE oH EH AF CR A GH). i I Oo mE” 5 Hy” EP 5 A — I FT I AR 6) A HEHE HE s AL Fh Rd Te BK SO A HE AT (3) BEER A GPA kA ME A BLA SEE A DeacRe PA) = Tp AREA AMS SME HL LS mi 1 BCC A Fe a YE LS 6. EET PE OSs SR A AOL: A BAC AEM FEIT AUB REAP RCO LL SI SHIGEIE A UREA AT SECA FRA TO Re ETI AK ‘Wi 47 AT nite P(AU B)= P(A) +P(B). i Hy RD EE E T II AR PIR. AEA CIT ise RA A ORCA EO TEA oO EA A 1 FAL 324 HOE A ML. BAe TE EO LSU AL ATL. 1.2.2 BUA AR At — AE — mA. SR LURE = | GE TE) , GE.) CR TE). (RE) | BEL 048 AG EA YR 4 BE A A WNP BLE BER BER 172. AER, OUI LAR ATT, = | (IE) (AR). (IR) ate SN ASE a 8. EO mt, — RRL AR hE. — EA A a PRR I A GE HC 1.2.3 RAEMREM) He ShSE-AL WE SRA An FSA A VE SESH AP RABIES FE ORE GE A, =" 1m PEARSE m (PAR EER AA BER, AR FU HEREAR EL PRA OED PRE nH rae tna ea ac"). SH em LA La) PAA sep 0 E08. FiMTETIET ICNP AL A ROOK AE BEER A, AC. LIVE Ag = “SHAY PE SRA OPRAH” "ORCL PE BAGH A" UC AERC PEP GR N= OA A BEAT N-M) ( 7) RRA ey A N-M (i) at, () SNF Ay =A 1m PRA AE PRA” a PP 46 LR Ee th SEB m1 ESE AT BA GI ae JAM PO ee aR A LA te,st( |) Ab. P(A.) = Md Noa prorat MF ste 1) Am, srormeamepasciman a, ate (| ("eee ka, be cn) ()) P(A,) = +18+ » 6h > 1 oe Bak GW) 20 Se 1 ENE SES CR) ) SD Go BT 2G * 346 — G4) 2 WL SY SE A ft) ESE ft — EB YG Se eT BEV “BSG Bis me oy GANT” PR SECA BALA) Gk Soe “SEG Bh — rE I 1 J He — VPM WM aed Be €* TSO Ue RH RE 1 AC Ie ae a els BF HF zw zw zw we z sr oz $ i yes! f z 1 ° " SMW VR Te 5 pO LE RE) — OM EEG EET 1 Bk tr 921 oz 09 1) (€ ()() Pr obo * Gor ye 9 EeIG p= €=W6= NACE EO $0 ASP aS | | ma ue Yd * py eS eu EY TTS 1" () wy (rw) (n) u Ae ebay “w PaE HL wae (Nee Va ree AW My we Aikeb Wy WAN YORE AD Hike BPE Se WWI, “VOL WOR oh “VAR MH TRA MG 8 WO TY =CWd (9°T 1) [ep sa tate Oe wu AL A of ay A HME 4B, FE Bl LB SE a i 9 Td, Ee BL Hit SOE Sh EAR 1 EE IER. A L.2.4( AE) PA ASK. ACCEL AE SHC RE. ae: AY J: AEC TL VE TR a — Td PE A ge SO SOLANA mPa. Rt A wa) 1. 2. 3 de Aa aE RE EE PB, =" a ye AER a AT AS Hi” OE. ee a 2 BE AS A SBC HS — OR BE AT A HER FER FE AN SB Hy Pes WV ER 5s — HME ASN Ale He sereees AMIE de EUAN IG, — JERI Ton ORAS NE HY AE 0 REAR a. SPE PE By = CE A PS i AR i” AS NMA Be a PE (al SUA IB mK RL By HAT CNM)" RRA A Bs A BLE (N=M)" =(1- M N P(B,) = BEE B=" HRA me TART DARA Ge” AA NM A Fa HOC TS AB = 1D MEAS Pa PS CRT M+ CN) Head. FE BD AS A a A HH AB oe WARE TE m VOTE SEAT on APT AE. PLA By PA n+ M+ (N-M)" SPEAR CB, FEE 9 HEB, = “SHLAA mR AA FE PEAR AR” AE OK, i APPA MAI = IA ME PAR A TL Am SEAT M+ (N-MALE mF ACA A RL me EE Lo ECO fas) ase") ATH. MLE LEB, ani(") MOON MS REAR A eB, HI wy ay way (2) (" et 1 (.-4) ee 01 ne (1.2.7) ii ba > Jae CTL SE, AS ah HP Ae aN RAS EY ial be, fA pM EAT aS P(B,) =(") ph =p), m= 01,2. m WARE V=9.M=3,n=4, AT -18 “81 HELLA SEEN SR — PH 41.2.5): RLS WER m o 1 2 3 4 16 32 24 8 I PRA) ar aL ar ar a PMY RRL LE RET A A aR TT LA P(m<1)=P(m=0) +P(m=1) 2384 2 G1.2.5( BRB) — FA BS Rey ie 35 te 7, A Kt MOL, 02,1 ,35 FLERE 7 S905, FRAC AL HA O1,02,---,35 SHAH EME 7 4 a AS $5 AERA. PE YF OTB C88 1. 2.) R26 Ses PAM pe pe ML FH TEA BIS =H 6 TRAY RR =e 6 PAA mG 1S PMR SE ARK PS TEESE ABE Hp 4 aA a Te Hk BS be Sp 4 PAA ED a 3 PA AS BRR 4 PAE HY HE HL. 3 RAL A Ee aE RL A ani ") * Sa PEAS BE 1M HH JS A SBA 7 Pa ARE. RoR SB MAS. PRG .27 TRAE. HE REAL PL. 2.3 of Je US TEI ( AH at ALAS Ah A a) PR, BE = SSH ANI, Hie p, PH i PARA E RC E= 12,7) RE 1. 2. 3 HK, FY AD A EH 1 \ 27 cl\dNol Vo} + p=" —35, e72asyy 0 MP x10 7 1 ') 27 Ao ho} 7 “ P=" STASI OF RIO”. 7 7 " 27 Ae NoMa} 189 . By aay sap = 28 106 x 10°, a 7 ‘) 27 SIMD 1 567 6 By Og = 4318 x 10S, 7 1 (ly (27 AsM\o/N2) 073m a Bs = 35 734 509 7 1098 x 10, 7 7 ' 27 al \y 2 12 285 + Pe = 35) = 794520 > 827 x 10° 7 Ty ly (27 VW fly (27) CVD CVD sctse oe co a 25) *6 724 520 ~ : 7 Hi A WIE AR MUA ES AA Ley P(A) #P(A)= PCQ)= 1 226 are PCB) =P(A) =p, + Pr + Pa + Ps + Ps + Po + Pr 225 170 “6 724 520 = 0.033 485, P(A) =P(A) = 1 P(A) = 0.966 515. SL: AAPA 3 APS AT A BE AAG 0. 149x10° | BI BFAPA RA 3 ASE, FANE REIN SOP AS ay BA AN EL HB. A1.2.6( RFMD) RA n PRR, TRAE OT AE I ER NA FAVED EEF ARIAS. BOR (1) REND (nN) Pa ERE py 5 (2) EAL (nN) PRE ERE p. RA TRAN RE PET BLA ne TORCH DE Nf EES OT AEN. (1) A ARI ne PREF BE RP ARI N-n PF AD A RH aE EDA BEA AE PER A ET a He NR A BARAT nO 2 PRA 1 BK Sn TRA BOK SELLA BA 2 DC FCAT FEO nt, PERO nt a 1.2.8 Pi = ys ¢ 7 (2) 5 (1) UIE IAL HE Fea m ae TMT LHe NS ae Teh AE RE HE Zp USE IBA AA NE EEIR n rari ities sen") CIE Hen SRM TE PR RE AL TR SEAT al ARERR. FL AIRDRIE AL (*) sal n Abhi. FESS i CT A BE He BN BL ORR TCE NV aE {E45 2 ERT HER FY NT RE FE oe Rn SR AT BOER iY Non ha FEE — 1, oly Se J BOT eB Bal i REA = N(N =1)(N-2)-°(N -0 41) Py NM =" CN -n)! RM LA, RPM TIES ER A he FN LP — eR SR APT LA A EA FT EAR Se Oa dE BR RO” A BR a AS AD of (Ay 0 SA” 53K +) Sy Bf Ae Mk — BR +236 (1.2.9) 4 (Maxwell-Boltzmann ) Sib. # a ARF” JE AR WY BB, (OE A a 18, — Se SEL ( Bose-Kinstein) $i}. #5 0 PREF” RAS HY BEY, ELAR A“ ae” R&B A He — Fe REF" BCT PRE BOK ESE ( Fermi-Dirac) Seif. 2x = ARSE Ae AD 4% A aE FA PP TS HL). “Fi SR (PTF Se A HH EE HG SB A Td” 1.2.7( EAI) on HAMAR ASHI) EE p, HEB? Bn PAR ME n TRAE 365 KA ME N= 365 PAF We P ARE SARA USER a (nN) ERE EAR" HDL PA fy ie EL AS A 9 WO ! = ne gamrezat (aes) (aes) [Se] BID Ee REALM Me AL RT PE aT ND EAL FT I Di EE LE Es a) m ARLISIBE (1. 2. 1) 3 5 ot PW — FHL AY Be A La mF REA L42ee + (m=), _nn-1) 365 - B30 b) 4 n BEART, A Rt) ATE Me x AT In 1x) = =x, PFA ely C1. 2.10) 30 p,~l- (1.2.11) L424 + (m=1)__n(n=1) 365 “730 fag m= 10 WY, cin (1. 2.12) So Ae My AYE LAL 0. 884 0, HAO LEY p, = 0. 883 1--+;n=30 Bf , HE (ULI 0. 303 7, HY aHTA A p,=0. 293 7. BARES Ale Ht TE eA ~4F 365 K,30 FAME HAHA AT ARE EB AE 1/2, BRA AIA 2100 ATE FAAS A TT A BE A AY. — he AS UY (PL, Be 2.7 SAS (1. 2. 12) HE MLAS HEA HY p, (. R27 9 EO Inp, ~= (1.2.12) a 10 20 30 40 50 60 », 0.8840 05942 0.3037 0.1180 -0,0349 0.0078 I-p, 0.1160 0.4058 0.696 30.8820 0.9651 0.9922 FPL — TEM Ea PAB AE TT” BEAL -p, 14 n=60 Bt 1p, = 0. 992 2 Ze CE 60 A AUREUS Hf 28 Ay BR Ae AT 0 AH aL 99% BAL STABBED. TE — 2b RATT TA HY n> 23 OE, Ai 1-p,>0.5. “me 1.2.5 REMSHLAAE Wh iE EYL Co PA: , HE A A (1) 4 RL IER PEAR i EI A ae CIE HE BR BLE) KATH Sy Be. (2) PERE EE EA OF PT HH PE AS FA] FMEA RA fA 52 A Se BE A BLA HY FEA PA ATG HRI. 2.2), (3) PEIEME Ay 2 SE AF RC UL 1. 2.3), ASE BE ACD aT HS, AR UAE A AY BEE a (1.2.13) ‘a SEAM TL fa BE ERE BBE AY ZS A 9 SRL fi ES (09) HE EE PEA 2S (] ALE OR AE AFT AB TE ( — SR 3 WRU PE) SE HT 9 BEE ( 9 BR). 912.2 Ae PEMA AY F123 JLT REE FSA 9 YE 1.2.8( SMA) OAL ETE RF 6 OF 7 YZ Mod AEM AE FEY SE HEI FINE ERE — TCA, 20 min, SEI BOTT RT AC HE ST EE RR UL Aly SP FEAR ZA BAS SOLAN TALC DL min ALE) , HEFL EN xOy ESR AR CWA 1. 2.4). FAH ZABILLE 0 3 60 min A FY MES) ORDA PAT ABH LE — IL STD. (2, y) ABATE CA IS Ig 60 AE ATE, PHT hy Sig = 60". TOY A =" TB) A MEMS Se” HI |x-y| <= 20, WRI A BME RBA, SE TM BL Wy S, = 607-407, phy HIP SM MLEEH A a5 4 225+ (1.2.13) 050 5, _ 60° - 40’ _ 5 P(A) 235 ay = 0555 6. ER ERGY He AH ALI 25 ae PLAC BE TD ABB AS HS. 6. a ELS eH] Cy PE FF 6 WEB 6 ef 30 4}, HE HAS PALA fie 2 A EE HR FG HF] 0. 888 9, 1.2.9( MERA) FH LM AMR d (d>0) HART. A SF AE EBLE — BK Wy! (cd) BY EE REL SEF 7 RA HE. R Ws RAPHE A SAE TROEY, Lo RR SHAR Tal 9 38 $4), DLP 1. 2.9. SA AUPE AS 18] 0 O- +. * aoe —_—a tt == a z — B27 KEHe MARES REB W128 AEM A PE A SURE AD = ATE BRE: = TEP ERE SAP SE A DR SiR ERE AS A (oe, 2S ED BD A 0 HE. 10. Mon PBC 1.2m ER 2 4, fal pP— AF kh i ASELAS HAE RR EH Rt 1 HA PAV UPDATE. TE A AL Wk — A A 17, 8 a P80" 5 mL RBS HER SR REA TA" HEE — i 1B. BELO Pei AHI 2 AR 2 AREER 4 BEER 2 ION XR ER wb. 19, 0 PBB om PHBE mS me) BAHL HE IR. RR AE ET A A A BE, 20. HE 9 PERRO ULIGBEA 4 OR de ARE BRD ACA BOR SA. 21 HE 12 PERERA 3 Thre BARI hb AE 3 PRC. 22. m APE SAM ER SR RIE A BY) UIA NRE PR (1) SIE BT AT OR A (2) ARPA me 4h et EE (3) EE) m aE EA | RO 23. (EK (0,1) HABLA eM Fe" BUM AN 7/5" OH. 24. ZR AY) — 1 AA A ke A A L570 Ae RA FD — a, 2 ERE Tl oR ATT REED A A NEES D2 25. (EF LA RY) oO PEAT, FE A PH a.b,0 OAT 4) i= ANTE R= AE STR I, 26, HEE Hy RAIN A FBR on AM Re HE RE ESP AT EA ee A a A HT KIRA R NO RER. 3) 27 RP LR AE Oy FETAL Esa 2 by AMAL AR y= 1 AR = AE A SRI A A A a = SRO ORT He ROR UCL ARIMA, <2 mM ob? 28. i a>0, 47 (ERIM x.y, AL O P(B) Fai HEH ADB. 1.3.5 MLR T IE ABA P(A = B) = P(A) ~ P(AB)- (1.3.4) GER] PAW A-B=A-AB, HL ABCA, SALAM TEME 1.3.4 1 P(A ~B) = P(A ~ AB) = P(A) ~ PCAB). BEATE. AURA WEE 1.3. 4, RAPD AT BR — 208 Wy 5 AR EF 9 1.3.3 CARAT RL 12 e+ mm TBR, AT LIE ma SLA me RA Ha NB EE $A A, A AY m PERE K SBD WSL LAE AE IB EE A, TLL BESE AS , BLD HA Sy "OT A AGS LK ICH 2 W kyo JE m Kk HARE BHA m PRAIA ES PEF I i= D2, n. SB, RAE AG EMI 2, SBR PHAR AD AY , BF LA ce Th SAE AL P(B,) =4, b=) 2m n MBH A,=B,-B,,, 1B, CB, WHEE 1.3.4 P(A.) =PCB, = By.) = PCB) - PCB) aI" b= 1,2, EM n=6,m=3,A - 36 - 4-3 _ 37 POA) = 25g 20-1713. BEA PCA,) tL ABH TE Hy, UY FEMI k 1 2 3 4 s 6 an P(A) | 0.0046 0.0324 0.0880 0, 1713 0.2824 0.4213 1.0000 EAC BES MURA RIC ALBUS Bk WR 6 AHR 0. 421-3, AL P(k <3) = 0.004 6 + 0.032 4 + 0.088 0 =0.125 0. BLO BRS RE A BOL 3 HE ARAL 0. 125 0. 1.3.3) MEM MAAS 5 (EAR MASONS AF WL J ew De AR A GSR. HA Rt — AHO IE PE OR HE AA AE), IRE EE ER HEHE 1. 3.6 Sea OR AE RE BU SEE IF ARID AS, (1. 3. 6) SC HR HE RE PRE ME IE HARE HMI ASK. Be He Ce TE MER TE A a AL HER 13.6( MAN) AHEM AB Oe P(A UB) = P(A) + P(B) — PAB). (1.3.5) HER n MEE A, A A P( U 4,) =S P(A) - 3. PAA) om y PAA) + (= 1)'P(A,Ay A, (1.3.6) HERA AGHE(1. 3.5) aR. AUB=AU (B-AB), HLA 5 BAB LAA , STL chy A BRAT AE APE 1.3.5 P(A U B)= P(A) + P(B- AB) = P(A) + P(B) - P(AB). FAA Wve (1.3.6) X.Y n= 2 BY, C1. 3.6) RAD C1. 3.5) (1.3.6) 08 o-1 RIE, URE ny SEAT PME CA, UA, UU UA, ) SOA (1.3.5)xk, P(A, UA, UU A,) =P(A, UA, Uo UA, + PCA,) - P((A, UA, Us UAL) AQ) =P(A, UA, UU UA,.,) + PCA) = P((A\A,) U (AA) UU (A, A,))- Sey ee TB RT P(A, UA, Us UAL, BR PC (A,A,) U (AA,) Uo U (A,A,)) + SH PEATE EE WEA IE NY Fa: (1. 3.6) OE nL RE IE PEE. Hie (EAH) AER NE ABT P(A UB) < P(A) + P(B). (1.3.7) MERE n PAE A) A.A, (UA) < SPA) (1.3.8) BAL.3.4 LMI A,B,AUB HU BARSP LY 0. 4,0.3,0. 6, RPA B). MMR PCAUB) = P(A) +P(B) -P(AB) SRE APH 0.6 =0.4 +0.3 - PCAB), HGRA PC AB) = 0.1 RRA HE EH (1. 3. 4) NE P(AB) = P(A ~ B) = P(A) ~ P(AB) = 0.4 - 0.1 = 0.3. 1.3.5 EM P(A)= P(B)=P(C)= 1/4, P(AB) = 0, PCAC) = P( BC) = 1/16, Si A,B,C oft 3b Bes — 4 BE Me 7 ABC ABA BEE HAL RED? 4% Ay P(AB)=0, HL ABC CAB, BELA ch EE (HE Jad PCABC)= 0. FF HIN ASK, ABC HD Be — 4 P(A U BU.C)= P(A) + P(B) + P(C) - P(AB) ~ P(AC) - P(BC) + P(ABC) = 3) 2a 4°16 8° A,B CBA RAE” RE RIA BC ae AP EE ORLA a AEE ME PEA 3 P(A,B.C BA HE) = 1 RET EY RY EDA ARE” BY AE FAD a A PP AR SOR TT HE. {AF 1. 3. 6 RENE RAS NE RA I 2 HAP RR” RR MEE HITE PR ee FH — A FY DE AR OR A. G11.3.6(RHGB) C—T4 nPASIMNMA bP A TEAL iy, ELABR ae AA BY ALB AS AD. he eT A HE AY re RL BEAL Se — CE ad EA A AL 9 PE 4 RB WA TE BE PAA CBAC Hoel”. P(A\UA,U-* UA, ). arene JPR AEN P(A,) = P(A,) = = PCA) 2 =P aes =e! PCAAg) = PCAAS) = = PCA AQ) =O ay + 36+ P(A\A,A,) = P(A,A,A,) = 8 = POA P(A\A;A,) =. FPA ee ABE 9 J YA Aes (1. 3. 6) 1 P(A, UA, U = UA.) = 5t tybeget +t. WEA = 5 AY MEARE I 0. 633 35° aoe INE NE ES A BR AE Te = 0.632 1. 3X ARUN

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