TRAINING ON ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

(22 June – 6 July 2023)

Global Road Safety Scenario

National Road Safety Council (NRSC) Research and Training Unit (RTU)
Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Department of Civil Engineering
Transport (MoPIT) Pulchowk Campus, IOE, Tribhuvan University

Er. Saroj Kumar Pradhan National Road Safety Council

Trend in Road Accidents (Global)
Estimated Road Traffic Death
1,300,000
1,280,000
1,260,000
1,240,000
1,220,000
1,200,000
1,180,000
1,160,000
1,140,000
1,120,000
1,100,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2014 2016 2017 2018 2019
Estimated Road Traffic Death

Source: World Health Organization

22 June – 6 July 2023
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Trend in Road Accidents (Global)
Estimated Road Traffic Death
1,300,000
1,280,000
1,260,000
1,240,000
1,220,000
1,200,000
1,180,000
1,160,000
1,140,000
1,120,000
1,100,000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2014 2016 2017 2018 2019
Estimated Road Traffic Death

Source: World Health Organization

22 June – 6 July 2023
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 MORE DATA
• 3,700 people lose their lives every day on the
roads
• Between 20 and 50 million more people suffer
non-fatal injuries
• More than half of all road traffic deaths are
among vulnerable road users: pedestrians,
cyclists, and motorcyclists

Source: World Health Organization

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3
Global Accident trend..

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Trend in Road Accidents (Regional)
40

35
Death per 100,000 population

30

25

20

15

10

0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2014 2016 2017 2018 2019
Africa Americas Eastern Mediterranean Europe South-East Asia Western-Pacafic

Source: World Health Organization

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5
Global Causes of death by age

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Status of Road Traffic Injuries

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Projection of Fatalities in the World

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Statistics on road accidents and fatalities

Approximately 1.35 Leading cause of cost most countries 93% of the world's
million people die death for children 3% of their gross fatalities on the
each year and young adults domestic product. roads occur in low-
aged 5-29 years and middle-income
countries
Source: World Health Organization

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Vulnerable Road Users: High Fatality Risk
Vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists,
motorcyclists) account for 50% of global traffic deaths

Motorcyclists have a 20 times higher fatality risk than

car occupants

Cycling and walking have 7 to 9 times higher fatality risk

than car travel
Source: World Bank’s Global Mobility Report
10 2017
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Population, road traffic deaths, and registered
motorized vehicles,
by income group
Population Road Traffic Deaths Registered Vehicle

15.60% 8.50% 9.20%

36.70% 41.90%
38.70% 52.10%
49.60%
47.80%

High Income Country High Income Country High Income Country

Middle Income Country Middle Income Country Middle Income Country
Low Income Country Low Income Country Low Income Country

Source: World Health Organization

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Trends in road traffic fatality rates in selected high-income countries

Source: World Health Organization

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12
Trends in road traffic fatality rates in selected Low-income countries

Death per 100,000 Population

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan China India Japan
Malaysia Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka

Source: International Road Federation

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14
Economic Impact of Road Crashes

Road injuries will cost the world The study also projected that reducing
economy US$1·8 trillion (constant 2010 road injuries by 50% by 2030, as per the
US$) in 2015–30, which is equivalent to UN target, could generate a 7·5%
an annual tax of 0·12% on global GDP increase in global GDP per capita

Chen, S., Kuhn, M., Prettner, K., & Bloom, D. E. (2019, September). The global macroeconomic
22 June – 6 July 2023 burden of road injuries: estimates and projections for 166 countries. The Lancet Planetary
Health, 3(9), e390–e398. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2542-5196(19)30170-6
14
 ECONOMIC IMPACT
OF ROAD CRASHES

• A study by the World Bank found

that halving deaths and injuries due
to road traffic could potentially add
22% to GDP per capita in Thailand,
15% in China, 14% in India, 7% in the
Philippines and 7% in Tanzania over
the period 2014–38
Road Deaths and Injuries Hold Back Economic Growth in Developing Countries
~A report by World Bank

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Challenges
• The scale and complexity of the road safety problem requires a comprehensive and multisectoral approach that
addresses all key risk factors such as:

Speed Alcohol Seat-belts

Helmets Child restraints Road infrastructure

Vehicle standards Post-crash care Data Collection

22 June – 6 July 2023

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Challenges
• Lack of political will and resources in low- and middle-income
countries
– 93% of road traffic deaths occur in these countries
– Insufficient implementation of effective road safety policies and
measures
• Impact of rapid urbanization and motorization
– Increased exposure and vulnerability of road users
– Pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists account for over 50% of
road traffic deaths

22 June – 6 July 2023

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Challenges
• Data and evidence gaps in road safety policies
– Limited data collection systems in low- and middle-income
countries
– Lack of informed decision-making for interventions and policies
• Need of innovation and technology in addressing emerging road
risks
– Distracted driving, electric vehicles, autonomous vehicles, and
shared mobility
– Need for proactive solutions to adapt to evolving challenges

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Way Forward
• Adopt Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2021-
2030
• Promote healthy and environmentally sound modes of transport
such as cycling and walking by policies that ensure their safety
and accessibility
• Investment in intelligent infrastructure
– Monitors traffic conditions and detects hazards
– Communicates with vehicles and road users
– Provides real-time information and guidance

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GLOBAL EFFORTS
Efforts in curbing road fatalities

20
• UN General Assembly proclaimed in September 2020
• Target: Prevent at least 50% of road traffic deaths and injuries by 2030

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21
 Guiding document to support Member States in
implementing the Decade of Action

Developed by WHO, UN regional commissions, and UN

GLOBAL PLAN Road Safety Collaboration

FOR THE Launched in October 2021

DECADE OF Emphasizes holistic approach to road safety

ACTION Focus on road and vehicle design, laws and law

enforcement, and emergency care

Promotes walking, cycling, and public transport as healthy

and sustainable modes

22
Five Pillars of Global Plan

MANAGEMENT SAFER ROADS AND SAFER VEHICLES SAFER ROAD USERS POST-CRASH
AND GOVERNANCE MOBILITY RESPONSE

• Each pillar contains a set of actions that are recommended for countries to implement according
to their national contexts and capacities.
• The Global Plan also provides indicators and targets to monitor and evaluate the progress and
impact of these actions.

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UN Road Safety Fund

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UN General Assembly

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Global Action Plan

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Decade of Action for Road Safety

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“How to” Road Safety Manuals

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Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety

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UN Assembly

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2nd Decade of Action for Road Safety

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Global Plan

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Global Plan

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What to do?

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How to do it?

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Building on the Safe System approach

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Sustainable evelopment Goals

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Sustainable Development Goals

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Global Road Safety Performance Targets, 2030

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Global Road Safety Performance Targets, 2030

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Global Road Safety Performance Targets, 2030

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Reduction of FSI by 50% by 2030

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World –wide Road Fatalities

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Road Safety Scenario in Nepal :

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 Very common scene
Motorcycle slipping in
the road

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Dropping down into the water bodies

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National Scenario (F.Y. 2078/79)

2883 7282 25,722 1.5%

Death Serious injuries Injured Of total
national GDP
at loss annually
( Ref. Economic burden of road traffic
injuries in Nepal by Amrit Banstola and
others)

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Some Records..

• 9th leading cause of death in Nepal

• 2883 lost their lives on the road in 2078/79
• 39,379 vehicles involved in road accidents
• 50.7% (19,974) were motorcycle
• Pillion rider fatalities comprised 26% despite only 27% of motorcycle
trips having double riders.
• Estimated Rs 45,04,51,000 loss in vehicle damage
• 50% of the crashes involve driver in between 25 to 40 year
• Urban roads have the worst safety record: 646 crashes per 100 km

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Road Fatalities trend
Road Accident Trend by Year
3500

3000 2762 2789

2541 2500
2500 2384
2255
2004 2006
2000 1750 1816 1787
1620
1500 1205
1083
815 925
1000 735 785

500

0
03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13 13/14 14/15 15/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 19/20 20/21
Road Accident Trend by Year Linear (Road Accident Trend by Year)

Source: Traffic Police

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 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2007-2008

2008-2009

2009-2010

22 June – 6 July 2023

2010-2011

2011-2012
Road Accident trend

2012-2013

2013-2014

2014-2015

2015-2016
Crashes per 100,000 Population

2016-2017

2017-2018

2018-2019
50

2019-2020
Cause of Accidents (F.Y. 2078/79)
Total Accidents: 24,537
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Cause of Accidents
Carelessness Over speed Overtaking Alcohol Others

Source: Traffic Police

22 June – 6 July 2023 51
Road Fatalities Break Down
Road Crash data breakdown
35000 33135

30000
25789
25000 22087
20640 20116
20000 18600
15554 15484
15000 13366 13711
10360 11225
10000
6448
4376 4617
5000 2789 2255 2500

0
2018/019 2019/020 2020/021
Death Major Injury Minor Injury No. of Vehicle Accident Vehicle Involved in RTA Damaged Vehicle

Source: Traffic Mirror 2021/21

22 June – 6 July 2023 52
Fatalities and Death compared to other countries
Death per 100,000 population
25

20

15

10

Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Myanmar Nepal

SriLanka Sweden Netherlands United Kingdom Australia New Zealand

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Vehicle fleet

39,87,267 2,72,812 31,60,623

Nearly Forty Thousands Around 7% are four- Around 80% are two-three
vehicles registered wheeler wheeler

Source: Economic Survey

22 June – 6 July 2023 54
Total Number of Registered Motorized Vehicle
Total number of registered motor vehicle
4500000
3,987,267
3,836,502
4000000 3,591,280
3500000 3,221,042
3000000 2,783,428
2,339,169
2500000
1,995,404
2000000 1,755,821
1,491,422
1,348,995
1500000
1000000
500000
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Total number of registered motor vehicle

Source: Economic Survey

22 June – 6 July 2023 55
Challenges: Road Safety Management
Getting functional Collaboration with
National Road Safety stakeholders and
Council implement NRSAP

Legal frame and

Safety Governance
enforcement

Road safety data

Land use and Mobility
management

22 June – 6 July 2023 56

Challenges: Technical

Increasing road Increasing road

Increasing vehicles
networks accidents

Increasing need of
Traffic management
coordination between Road users’ behavior
and traffic awareness
various stakeholders

Vehicle fitness and Preparedness for post

vehicle testing crash rescue

22 June – 6 July 2023 57

Challenges:
Safe Roads &
Mobility
• NMT
Transport

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 Challenges:
Safe Roads &
Mobility
• Pedestrian
Safety &
Footpath

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Challenges:
Safe Roads
and Mobility
• Lack of proper facility

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Challenges: Safer Road User

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ROAD SAFETY INITIATIVES
Past Effort
• 2000, First Road Safety Action Plan based on 3E’s of road safety
– Target to reduce road crashes by third
– Before UN decade of action
– Initiative ended due to lack of proper crash data
• 2007, committed to halving road fatalities in a decade at the
Ministerial Conference on Transport, Busan (But from 835 in 2007 to >1600 by 2017)
• 2010, declaration of first UN decade of action
• Drafting of Road Safety Action Plan 2013-20 in line with the First UN
Decade of Action for Road Safety
– Due resource constraints, sustained commitment and poor coordination,
the recommendations and planned activities could not be effectively
implemented
22 June – 6 July 2023 63
Global Commitments

The Stockholm Declaration in

2020, Bhushan, Moscow
Global
Commitments

SDG Target 3.6 on road safety

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15th Periodic plan
• Creation of a conducive legal framework,
• Need to utilize Information Technology and GPS
technologies in traffic management,
• Nationwide rollout of RAIMS,
• Road-condition based bus-route allocation,
• Safety audit at different stages of road development,
• Encouraging private investment for VFTC,
• Delineation of vehicle-free zones within dense
settlements,
• Enhancement of road safety awareness.
• Balanced development and extension of health services
at the federal, provincial, and local levels.
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National road safety council
• Study, research and surveys on road safety.
• Collaborate with international agencies on the study and research
• Formulation, implementation, and monitoring of road safety action plan.
• Coordinate with governmental and non-governmental agencies to share
information and experiences.
• Provide financial and other support to road safety-related programs.
• Counsel GON and affiliated agencies on matters related to road safety.
• Prepare and apply specifications for road safety-related works.
• Review specifications for public, private and other vehicles.
• Investigate and conduct research on road crashes.
• Identify road crash black spots, conduct research on, and prevent these.

22 June – 6 July 2023 66

NRSAP 2021-30

National Road Safety Action Plan 2021-30

Vision: Achieve vision zero by 2050

Goal: 50% reduction in road death injuries by 2030

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 NRSAP 2021-30: Action Area
Action Area I

Action Aera II

Action Area III

Action Area V
Action Area IV
• Multim • Safe • Vehicle • Safe • Post
odal Road Safety Road Crash
Transpo Infrastr Use Respons
rt and ucture e
Land
Use
Plannin
g

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Nepal’s Unique Challenge in Managing Road Safety

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Challenges for Road Safety Management in Nepal

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Challenges for Road Safety Management in Nepal

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Road Traffic Injuries/Deaths are man made plague

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What are the factors involved?

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Often it is stated that

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Challenge 1

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Road Safety Management -Ingredients

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Road Safety Management -Institutions

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Road Safety Management System

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Road Safety Management Capacity Review Framework

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To do anything with road safety…

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Recommendations

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Recommendations

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Recommendations

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Safe system approach for Road Safety

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Safe System- A Forgiving System

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Safe System Approach

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Safe System Approach

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Evolution of Road Safety

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A framework to assess, guide and improve the safety of Travel

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Vision Zero..

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Road Safety Management-Institutions

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Transport Authority –Issues and Concerns

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Transport Authority –Issues and Concerns

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Road Safety Management-Institutions

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Enforcement Agency-Issues and concerns

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Enforcement Agency-Issues and concerns

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Challenge-2

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We can see only the tip of the iceberg

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The Problem is much bigger than we think

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Commonly Attributed reasons for road crash

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Innovation..

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Challenge -4 Safety Vehicle

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In India

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In India..

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In India..

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In India..

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Challenge 5

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Behavior Modification Required by Multi-prong Action Plan

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Risk Taking Behaviour

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Risk Taking Behaviour

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Risk Taking Behaviour

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I WANNA PLAY….BUT I CAN’T

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Challenge-6

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Challenge in Enforcement

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Technology based Enforcement System

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Challenge 7

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Emergency Response Services
• Emergency Response is mostly taken care by the
government agencies.
• Need to bring PPP mode in handling Emergency
Response services.
• Emergency service provided by the other non-
governmental agencies are not enough for the
number of accident.

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Coordination..

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It is necessary to understand…

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Global Road Safety Facility ( GRSF) (Bloomberg Philanthropies) stated….

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Global Road Safety Performance Targets 2030

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Global Road Safety Performance Targets 2030

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Change in Impact speed changes the Risk of Fatality, by different crash types

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Changes in speed and changes in crash risk

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To learn from others, who have better managed..

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History of RTI death rates in rich countries

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Trends in Road Traffic Fatalities Rates in Developed Countries

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Vaccines for Roads

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Lesson learned..

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But with Effective Policy and Planning e.g. Australia

22 June – 6 July 2023 133

NZ’s effective mew measures and multiple initiatives kept reducing
the death toll

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Road Traffic death rates have been dramatically reduced in
developed countries

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One Example of Road Safety Measures

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Important observation

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How we do things in Nepal for Road Safety

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In Nepal

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But still than..

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What is required is a…

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To realize built-in safety in road transport system..

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So realize..

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So realize..

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So realize..

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Road Safety Management as a Part of ISO

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PDCA Cycle to support continual improvement

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Delivery of Road Safety must be Managed Differently

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Lessons for Effective Management

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Something to remember always..

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Individual’s Pledge for Road Safety

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The need is

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 Thank you
?

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