Experiment Task

1.1. What is the difference between contacts and coils? How about Normally Open
and Normally Close?
The main difference between contacts and coils is regarding storing and reading
data. Contact will check periodically if the data in a given address is true. If it is,
then contacts will close (or open, depending on the type). Coil will write
periodically true or false statement depending on the logic behind it. Normally
Open and Normally Close (abbreviated as NO and NC) are contact type. NO
contacts will close if the data read is true, and NC contacts will open instead.

2.1. Why should we put an NC contact in the self-holding circuit?

To control the Y0 coil once it set to true. Without NC contact once Y0 become
true it will stay true.
2.2. Make a ladder design of a blinking lamp with a self-holding circuit. Explain your
design!

In that design the X0 and Y0 NC contacts are in series. This makes an AND gate
that depends on X0 and Y0 NC contacts. X0 is the switch for the blinker. Y0 NC
is connected that way so when Y0 coil is set to false the Y0 NC contact become
true, combined with X0 true the Y0 coil is set to true in the next clock, which will
make the Y0 NC contact become false, making Y0 coil set to false. This will go
on until X0 set to false.

3.1. How many variables in the timer function? Explain!

There are 2 variables, the output variable (Denoted as T) and the time variable
(Denoted as D). Timer function will count from 0 to set time variable D in
seconds timestep as the rung set to true. The output variable T will set to true if
timer function is true if the counter reaches the set time variable D. Timer
function will reset if rung set to false
3.2. Could we make two Timer functions in a rung? Explain! No, because the
program didn’t allow it :(

4.1. How many variables in the counter function? Explain!

There are 2 variables, the output variable (Denoted as T) and the counter variable
(Denoted as D). Counter function will count from 0 to set counter variable D as
the rung set to true in non-continuous manner. The output variable T will set to
true if counter matches the set counter variable D. An external reset is needed to
make the counter 0 again.
4.2. Draw a state diagram input and output for counter experiment!
In general, the counter function state diagram looks like this:

In the experiment, the state diagram looks like this: