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Ijciet 09 07 116
Ijciet 09 07 116
S.D. Talegaonkar
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, College of Engineering Pune, Maharashtra, India
P.T. Nimbalkar
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, College of Engineering Pune, Maharashtra, India
ABSTRACT
This paper deals with designing of gravity main of the Pipe Distribution Network
(PDN) System. It also includes estimation of saving in water due to adoption the PDN
system and also studies alternatives for the utilization of saved water. The project
discusses about various available equations for calculation of the head loss in pipe. In
this project the PDN system is designed with help of Modified Hazen William
Formula. The project taken under consideration is Chilhewadi Medium Project in
Pune district of Maharashtra state in India. The estimation of the saving works out to
be 0.845 Mcum of water. The alternatives studied for the utilization of this water is
according to water policy adopted by the Maharashtra State Government. The
utilization of the water serves drinking water needs of nearly 6758 population from
two water scarcity villages of Pune and Ahmednagar districts. It also helps in
bringing 41 ha of land under irrigation of the same area. The utilization of water was
studied by using established Canal network system of adjoining projects and also
through proposed Pipeline system of the Chilhewadi Project. The alternative
comprising use of existing adjoining Pimpalgaon Joge Canal by lifting of water
proves to be economical.
Key words: PDN Design, Modified Hazen William equation, Junnar, HGL.
Cite this Article: Santosh Patil, S.D. Talegaonkar and P.T. Nimbalkar, Hydraulic
Design of Pipe Distribution Network for Irrigation Project. International Journal of
Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(7), 2018, pp. 1109-1116.
http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=9&Issue=7
1. INTRODUCTION
Out of India’s Ultimate irrigation potential of 140 million hectare about 102 million hectare
has been created through major/ medium/ minor surface water irrigation projects and use of
ground water. Even after creation of 102 million ha of irrigation potential, it’s utilization is
about 87 million hectare only. It is due to poor water use efficiency of conventional Canal
Distribution System (CDN) of Irrigation Projects. It is assessed to be only of the order of 30 -
35%. Thus it is evident that the gap between irrigation potential created and utilized is due to
poor water use efficiency. This gap can be reduced by using irrigation system which has
highest water use efficiency. Therefore use of pipe distribution network (PDN) system is
inevitable.
The effectiveness of PDN system is possible only when there is 1) proper layout planning
of PDN. 2) Proper selection of material of pipe, 3) Proper design of the PDN system, 4)
Proper management and maintenance of the PDN.
In view of above facts the present study deals with the design of the PDN system of
irrigation project. It also estimates the saving of water due to use of pipe distribution network.
The attempt has also been made to study various alternatives for utilizing the saved quantity
of water. For this purpose Chilhewadi Medium Project in Maharashtra is considered which is
originally planned for CDN.
3. METHODOLOGY.
3.1. Steps in PDN Design
Detailed steps involved in design of PDN for irrigation are as follows
Calculation of water availability for irrigation at Source.
Finalization of Command chaks after detailed survey.
Calculation of Crop Water Requirement for the Project.
Calculation of Discharge for Minors, Distributaries and Main canal.
Finalization of Diameter of pipeline.
Calculation of Hydraulic Gradient Line (HGL) / Head Loss.
Checking adequacy of HGL.
Check for the Design velocity and Residual Head
As steps a), b) and c) are common for design of flow CDN and PDN system, the data for
these steps is readily available from Project report of the Chilhewadi Project. This paper deals
with steps onward d).
(Q/CR)1.81 x L
HL = 994.62 x D 4.81
Where, HL = Head loss due to wall friction (m), L= Length of pipe (m), D = Diameter
of pipe (m), Q = Flow rate (m3/s), CR = Coefficient of relative roughness of the pipe
material
3.2.2. Total Minor Losses
In general for pipe system, head losses due to bends and valves comprises only 5 to 10 % of
pipe friction losses and are frequently referred to as minor head loss. It is given by Hm = Km
V2 / 2g
Where, Hm = minor head loss (m), K m = minor head loss coefficient, V = velocity before
feature causing friction losses (ms -1).For preliminary estimation purpose, total minor losses
may be taken as 10% of the major loss.
The check for the maximum velocity and minimum velocity is verified for every segment
of the pipe. If check does not fulfill the criteria, then the diameter of the pipe is changed
accordingly to fulfill the criteria. The check for the residual head is also verified. If check
does not fulfill the criteria, then the diameter of the pipe is changed accordingly to fulfill the
criteria.
Canal(703.00m). At the canal head depth of water was 1.33m. In Chilhewadi project reservoir
is connected to Distribution system by 300m tunnel.
As per design of PDN the full supply level of 706m is required in intake chamber. For
new Full Supply Level of 706.00m, new M.D.D.L. must be at least above 2 m to have
sufficient driving head.
As per original DPR( for CDN)
For M.D.D.L. is 703.170 m, Dead Storage is 2.51 Mcum.
As per PDN design requirements
For M.D.D.L. 708.00 m, Dead Storage is 4.340 Mcum.
Additional Storage available for use =2.675-(4.34 – 2.51) = 0.845 Mcum.
The drinking water requirement is about daily 135 lit per capita. As per Chilhewadi
project water requirement, 5298 cum of water is required to irrigate 1 ha of field. Therefore
saved quantity of water can
Supply drinking water to the population of 8000 or
Irrigate additional ICA of 160 ha.
As per the State water policy the priority for drinking water is prime to irrigation water,
the saved water can be utilized for drinking water scheme.
The area below tail end of command of Chilhewadi project is water scarcity area.
Gulunchwadi village in Junnar taluka of Pune District having population 2626 and Kalas
village in Parner taluka of Ahmednagar district has population of 4132, have drinking water
demand for long time. The population is based on 2011 census and for design of water supply
scheme for next 30 years; projected population with growth rate of 1.72% per annum comes
out to be 12701. The combined water demand comes out to be 0.626 Mcum for year. The
balance 0.219 Mcum quantity of water can be used for irrigation. This quantity can irrigate 41
ha of area.
This can be achieved by
Alternative 1
The excess water of Chilhewadi reservoir can be released into Yedgaon reservoir. This
water can be released from Yedgaon reservoir in to Kukadi River or Kukadi Left Bank Canal.
These villages lie about 10 km from left flank of Kukadi River. The drinking water can be
supplied to the villages by lifting arrangement.
This alternative costs around Rs.80.50 Lacs.
Alternative 2
These villages lie on left flank of Pimpalgaon Joge canal. The excess water can be discharged
in Mandavi River which crosses Pimpalgaon Joge canal near Otur village and at canal
chainage 13km. There is Otur Kolhapur Type (K.T.) weir on Mandavi River just below the
crossing of Pimpalgaon Joge Canal and Mandavi River Lifting water in to Pimpalgaon Joge
canal at chainage 13km and Supplying water to the villages at chainages at 45 km and 49 km
respectively by lifting arrangement. The lifting arrangement for both the villages is separate.
The Gulunchwadi village lie around 2.8 km and Kalas village lie within 500 m of the PJLB
canal. This alternative cost around Rs 35.85Lacs.
Alternative 3
By discharging water from tail out let of Chilhewadi Pipe line for 2.5km for Gulunchwadi and
3.5 km for Kalas village. As discharge of tail outlet is 10 liter per second (lps) and will not be
sufficient to fulfill the demand of the area. For fulfilling the demand 70 lps discharge is
required at the tail outlet. For this purpose, diameters of the CLBC pipe line are required to be
increased beyond chainage 26900 m TO 39080m. The pipes having diameter 1000 mm have
increased by 1780 m length where as saving of 500 mm diameter pipe length is in tune of
1720 m. This alternative costs for increased diameter of CLBC beyond chainage 26900 m is
around 209.98Lacs.
Thus Alternative 2 is economical and hence should be adopted
5. CONCLUSIONS
The Modified Hazen William equation is suitable for calculation of head loss due to friction
in PDN system. Adoption of underground PDN systems had lead to the reduction in
conveyance and distribution losses. The estimation of saving of water due to enhanced
efficiencies is carried out. Out of 0.845 cum of saved water, the drinking water demand can be
fulfilled of population of 6758 with 0.626cum and balance 0.219 cum can be used to irrigate
41ha of the area in the villages.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors express their deepest gratitude to Dr. A. R. Bhalerao (Principal), Bharati
Vidyapeeth University College of Engineering, Pune, for their support and encouragement.
The authors are also thankful to WRD, Maharashtra for their valuable cooperation and timely
guidance during the course of project studies.
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