Addis Ababa University

Addis Ababa Institute of Technology School of

Information Technology and Scientific Computing
Fundamental of Networking Individual Assignment –I
Sub-netting using VLSM

Name ID

1. Leul Bayesa…………………………………..ATE/6690/12

Submitted To: Mr.Endrias.H

Submission Date: May 22, 2022
Use the 172.16.128.0/17 network address to design an appropriate VLSM addressing scheme
for the network displayed in the topology diagram. VLSM is used to meet the IPv4 addressing
requirements.

For each subnet, please answer to the following questions below. Please make sure to give both
the 32 binary numbers and the dotted decimal notation.

Question 1. How many bits need to be used for a host id?

Question 2. How many bits need to be used for a subnet id?
Question 3. What is the subnet id?
Question 4. What is the IP address for the 1st usable host id in the subnet?
Question 5. What is the IP address of the last useable host id in the subnet?
Question 6. What is the broadcasting IP address for the subnet?
Question 7. What is the subnet mask for the subnet?
  Before I can answer the questions given above, I have to find a subnet for all of the hosts
given, starting from the largest host to the lowest host.
 Calculate a subnet from the original 172.16.128.0/17 block to accommodate the largest LAN,
i.e. 16000 hosts
 Require 14 host bits to accommodate 16000 hosts
14
2 – 2 = 16,382 useable host addresses
Mask for last octet: 255.255.192.0
 1 bits are borrowed to create 2 possible subnets
172.16.128.0/18 (Subnet 0) / 10101100.00010000.10000000.00000000
172.16.192.0/18 (Subnet 1) / 10101100.00010000.11000000.00000000
 Assign Subnet 0 (172.16.128.0/18) to this LAN
Subnet 1 left unused
 Consider the LAN with the next fewer hosts, i.e. 8000 hosts
 Require 13 host bits to accommodate 8000 hosts
13
2 – 2 = 8,190 useable host addresses
Mask for last octet: 255.255.224.0

 Use the next available address of 172.16.192.0/18 to create an address block

for this subnet
 One more bit is borrowed from the above subnet
172.16.192.0/19
 This subnet, 172.16.192.0/19,creates two more subnets
172.16.192.0/19 (Subnet 0) / 10101100.00010000.11000000.00000000
172.16.224.0/19 (Subnet 1) / 10101100.00010000.11100000.00000000
 Assign Subnet 0 (172.16.192.0/19) to this LAN
Subnet 1 left unused
 Consider the LAN with the next fewer hosts, i.e. 4000 hosts
 Require 12 host bits to accommodate 4000 hosts
12
2 – 2 = 4,094 useable host addresses
Mask for last octet: 255.255.240.0

 Use the next available address of 172.16.224.0/19 to create an address block

for this subnet
 One more bit is borrowed from the above subnet
172.16.224.0/20
 This subnet, 172.16.224.0/20,creates two more subnets
172.16.224.0/20 (Subnet 0) / 10101100.00010000.11100000.00000000
172.16.240.0/20 (Subnet 1) / 10101100.00010000.11110000.00000000
 Assign Subnet 0 (172.16.224.0/20) to this LAN
Subnet 1 left unused
 Consider the LAN with the next fewer hosts, i.e. 2000 hosts
 Require 11 host bits to accommodate 2000 hosts
11
2 – 2 = 2,046 useable host addresses
Mask for last octet: 255.255.248.0

 Use the next available address of 172.16.240.0/20 to create an address block

for this subnet
 One more bit is borrowed from the above subnet
172.16.240.0/21
 This subnet, 172.16.240.0/21,creates two more subnets
172.16.240.0/21 (Subnet 0) / 10101100.00010000.11110000.00000000
172.16.248.0/21 (Subnet 1) / 10101100.00010000.11111000.00000000
 Assign Subnet 0 (172.16.240.0/21) to this LAN
Subnet 1 left unused
 Consider the LAN with the next fewer hosts, i.e. 1000 hosts
 Require 10 host bits to accommodate 1000 hosts
10
2 – 2 = 1,022 useable host addresses
Mask for last octet: 255.255.252.0

 Use the next available address of 172.16.248.0/21 to create an address block

for this subnet
 One more bit is borrowed from the above subnet
172.16.248.0/22
 This subnet, 172.16.240.0/21,creates two more subnets
172.16.248.0/22 (Subnet 0) / 10101100.00010000.11111000.00000000
172.16.252.0/22 (Subnet 1) / 10101100.00010000.11111100.00000000
 Assign Subnet 0 (172.16.248.0/22) to this LAN
Subnet 1 left unused
 Consider the LAN with the next fewer hosts, i.e. 500 hosts
 Require 9 host bits to accommodate 500 hosts
9
2 – 2 = 510 useable host addresses
Mask for last octet: 255.255.254.0

 Use the next available address of 172.16.252.0/22 to create an address block

for this subnet
 One more bit is borrowed from the above subnet
172.16.252.0/23
 This subnet, 172.16.252.0/23,creates two more subnets
172.16.252.0/23 (Subnet 0) / 10101100.00010000.11111100.00000000
172.16.254.0/23 (Subnet 1) / 10101100.00010000.11111110.00000000
 Assign Subnet 0 (172.16.252.0/23) to this LAN
Subnet 1 left unused
 Point-to-point WAN links require two host addresses
 Require two host bits to provide two host addresses
22 – 2 = 2 useable host addresses
Mask for the last octet is: 255.255.255.252
 Use the next available address of 172.16.254.0/23 to create an address block for this
subnet
 Continue sub-netting the first subnet of each new subnet until we have three /30
subnets.
172.16.254.0/30 / 10101100.00010000.11111110.00000000
172.16.254.4/30 / 10101100.00010000.11111110.00000100
172.16.254.8/30 / 10101100.00010000.11111110.00001000
  Now I can design the VLSM Address Scheme in two tables, the first table is the subnet
information and the second table is device interface address

Table 1(Subnet Information)

Subnet Description Number of Network First Host Broadcast

Hosts Needed Address /CIDR Address Address
HQ G0/0 16,000 172.16.128.0/18 172.16.128.1 172.16.191.255
HQ G0/1 8,000 172.16.192.0/19 172.16.192.1 172.16.223.255
BR1 G0/1 4,000 172.16.224.0/20 172.16.224.1 172.16.239.255
BR1 G0/0 2,000 172.16.240.0/21 172.16.240.1 172.16.247.255
BR2 G0/1 1,000 172.16.248.0/22 172.16.248.1 172.16.251.255
BR2 G0/0 500 172.16.252.0/23 172.16.252.1 172.16.253.255
HQ S0/0/0 – BR1 S0/0/0 2 172.16.254.0/30 172.16.254.1 172.16.254.3
HQ S0/0/1 – BR2 S0/0/1 2 172.16.254.4/30 172.16.254.5 172.16.254.7
BR1 S0/0/1 – BR2 S0/0/0 2 172.16.254.8/30 172.16.254.9 172.168.254.11

Table 2(Device Interface Address)

Device Interface IP Address Subnet Mask Device Interface

HQ G0/0 172.16.128.1 255.255.192.0 16,000 Host LAN
G0/1 172.16.192.1 255.255.224.0 8,000 Host LAN
S0/0/0 172.16.254.1 255.255.255.252 BR1 S0/0/0
S0/0/1 172.16.254.5 255.255.255.252 BR2 S0/0/1
BR1 G0/0 172.16.240.1 255.255.248.0 2,000 Host LAN
G0/1 172.16.224.1 255.255.240.0 4,000 Host LAN
S0/0/0 172.16.254.2 255.255.255.252 HQ S0/0/0
S0/0/1 172.16.254.9 255.255.255.252 BR2 S0/0/0
BR2 G0/0 172.16.252.1 255.255.254.0 500 Host LAN
G0/1 172.16.248.1 255.255.252.0 1,000 Host LAN
S0/0/0 172.16.254.10 255.255.255.252 BR1 S0/0/1
S0/0/1 172.16.254.6 255.255.255.252 HQ S0/0/1
  Finally, I can answer the asked questions shortly since I have subnet information. It’s easy
to answer and I can answer those questions in table.
Table for Question number 1 and 2

Host Name Bits need to be used for a host ID Bits need to be used for a subnet ID
(Question num. 1) (Question num. 2)

16,000 32-18 = 14 1 (look at the 3rd octet 8-bit binary of Sub ID)
8,000 32-19 = 13 2 (look at the 3rd octet 8-bit binary of Sub ID)
4,000 32-20 = 12 3 (look at the 3rd octet 8-bit binary of Sub ID)
2,000 32-21 = 11 4 (look at the 3rd octet 8-bit binary of Sub ID)
1,000 32-22 = 10 5 (look at the 3rd octet 8-bit binary of Sub ID)
500 32-23 = 9 6 (look at the 3rd octet 8-bit binary of Sub ID)
2 32-30 = 2 7 (look at the 3rd octet 8-bit binary of Sub ID)
2 32-30 = 2 8 (look at the 3rd octet 8-bit binary of Sub ID)
2 32-30 = 2 9 (look at the 3rd octet 8-bit binary of Sub ID)

Table for (Question number 3 – 7) in Decimal dot notation

Host Subnet ID 1st usable host id Last usable host id in Broadcast IP address Subnet mask
Name in the subnet the subnet (Question num. 6) (Question num. 7)
(Question num. 3) (Question num. 4) (Question num. 5)
16,000 172.16.128.0/18 172.16.128.1/18 172.16.191.254/18 172.16.191.255 255.255.192.0

8,000 172.16.192.0/19 172.16.192.1/19 172.16.223.254/19 172.16.223.255 255.255.224.0

4,000 172.16.224.0/20 172.16.224.1/20 172.16.239.254/20 172.16.239.255 255.255.240.0

2,000 172.16.240.0.21 172.16.240.1/21 172.16.247.254/21 172.16.247.255 255.255.248.0

1,000 172.16.248.0/22 172.16.248.1/22 172.16.251.254/22 172.16.251.255 255.255.252.0

500 172.16.252.0/23 172.16.252.1/23 172.16.253.254/23 172.16.253.255 255.255.254.0

2 172.16.254.0/30 172.16.254.1/30 172.16.254.2/30 172.16.254.3 255.255.255.252

2 172.16.254.4/30 172.16.254.5/30 172.16.254.6/30 172.16.254.7 255.255.255.252

2 172.16.254.8/30 172.16.254.9/30 172.16.254.10/30 172.168.254.11 255.255.255.252

  Note: For the matter of space I would like to describe the binary number of the above
table as follows:
Table for (Question number 3 – 7) in the 32 Binary numbers notation

Host Subnet ID 1st usable host id in Last usable host id in Broadcast IP address Subnet mask
Name the subnet the subnet (Question num. 6) (Question num. 7)
(Question num. 3) (Question num. 4) (Question num. 5)
16,000 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 11111111.11111111.
10000000.00000000 10000000.00000001 10111111.11111110 10111111.11111111 11000000.00000000
8,000 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 11111111.11111111.
11000000.00000000 11000000.00000001 11011111.11111110 11011111.11111111 11100000.00000000
4,000 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 11111111.11111111.
11100000.00000000 11100000.00000001 11101111.11111110 11101111.11111111 11110000.00000000
2,000 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 11111111.11111111.
11110000.00000000 11110000.00000001 11110111.11111110 11110111.11111111 11111000.00000000
1,000 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 11111111.11111111.
11111000.00000000 11111000.00000001 11111011.11111110 11111011.11111111 11111100.00000000
500 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 11111111.11111111.
11111100.00000000 11111100.00000001 11111101.11111110 11111101.11111111 11111110.00000000
2 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 11111111.11111111.
11111110.00000000 11111110.00000001 11111110.00000010 11111110.00000011 11111111.11111100
2 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 11111111.11111111.
11111110.00000100 11111110.00000101 11111110.00000110 11111110.00000111 11111111.11111100
2 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 10101100.00010000. 10101100.10101000. 11111111.11111111.
11111110.00001000 11111110.00001001 11111110.00001010 11111110.00001011 11111111.11111100