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MotionGPT: How to Generate and Understand Human Motion

Introduction

Human motion is a fascinating and complex phenomenon that can

convey rich information and emotions. However, modeling and
generating realistic human motion from different modalities, such as text,
images, or videos, is still a challenging and largely unexplored task. How
can we build a unified and versatile model that can understand and
produce human motion as well as language?

In this article, we explain a new AI model, a novel motion-language

model that treats human motion as a foreign language and leverages the
power of large language models (LLMs) to handle multiple
motion-related tasks. This model is developed by researchers from
Fudan University, Tencent PCG, and ShanghaiTech University, who aim
to bridge the gap between motion and language and enable diverse

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applications such as gaming, robotics, virtual assistant, and human

behavior analysis. This new AI model is called 'MotionGPT'.

What is MotionGPT?

MotionGPT is a unified, versatile, and user-friendly motion-language

model that can learn the semantic coupling of motion and language and
generate high-quality motions and text descriptions on multiple motion
tasks. MotionGPT is based on the idea of treating human motion as a
specific foreign language that can be modeled by LLMs such as
GPT-3/T5. Moreover, inspired by prompt learning, MotionGPT can be
pre-trained with a mixture of motion-language data and fine-tuned on
prompt-based question-and-answer tasks.

Key Features of MotionGPT

MotionGPT has several key features that make it unique and powerful:

● It can use multimodal control signals, such as text and

single-frame poses, to generate consecutive human motions by
treating them as special input tokens in LLMs.
● It can support various motion tasks, such as text-driven motion
generation, motion captioning, motion prediction, and motion
in-between, by using different prompts and instructions.
● It can achieve state-of-the-art performances on multiple motion
benchmarks and datasets, such as AMASS, Human3.6M, etc.
As example, one of the tasks that MotionGPT can perform is
motion completion, which means generating missing or
intermediate motion frames from partial or sparse motion data.
To evaluate the motion completion capability of MotionGPT, the
researchers used part of the AMASS dataset. The researchers
used Frechet Inception Distance (FID) to measure motion
quality and Diversity (DIV) to measure motion diversity. They
also used Average Displacement Error (ADE) and Final

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Displacement Error (FDE) to measure the joints distance

between the generated motions and the ground truth motions.

source - https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.14795.pdf

The table above shows the results of the comparison. As we

can see, MotionGPT has the best performance on both motion
quality and diversity, indicating that it can generate high-quality
and diverse motions for both motion prediction and In-between
tasks.

Capabilities/Use Case of MotionGPT

MotionGPT has many potential applications and use cases in various

fields that require realistic and expressive human motion generation and
understanding. For example:

● In gaming, MotionGPT can be used to create diverse and

immersive animations for characters based on natural language
commands or scenarios.
● In robotics, MotionGPT can be used to control humanoid robots or
agents to perform complex actions or interact with humans based
on verbal or visual cues.
● In virtual assistant, MotionGPT can be used to generate natural
and engaging gestures or expressions for avatars or chatbots
based on the context or emotion of the conversation.
● In human behavior analysis, MotionGPT can be used to infer the
intention or sentiment of humans based on their body language or
movement patterns.

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How does MotionGPT work?

MotionGPT is based on the idea of treating human motion as a specific

foreign language that can be modeled by large language models (LLMs)
such as T5. To achieve this, MotionGPT uses three key components: the
motion tokenizer, the motion vocabulary, and the motion-aware language
model.

source - https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.14795.pdf

The motion tokenizer is responsible for converting 3D human motion into

discrete tokens that can be processed by the LLM. The motion tokenizer
consists of an encoder network and a codebook. The encoder network
maps a sequence of 3D joint positions to a sequence of latent vectors.
The codebook contains K code vectors that represent different motion
patterns. The motion tokenizer then assigns each latent vector to the
closest code vector in terms of Euclidean distance and outputs the
corresponding index as the token.

The motion vocabulary is the set of all possible tokens that can be
generated by the motion tokenizer. The motion vocabulary defines the
granularity and diversity of the motion representation. The size of the
motion vocabulary (K) can be adjusted according to different domains or
tasks. For example, a larger K can capture more fine-grained details of
the motion, while a smaller K can reduce the complexity and redundancy
of the motion.

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The motion-aware language model is responsible for modeling the joint

distribution of motion tokens and text tokens using a pre-trained LLM
such as T5. The motion-aware language model takes a sequence of
mixed tokens as input and outputs a probability distribution over the
vocabulary for each token position. The motion-aware language model
can be fine-tuned on specific motion-language datasets to adapt to
different domains or tasks. Moreover, inspired by prompt learning, the
motion-aware language model can perform various motion tasks by
using different prompts and instructions.

These three components work together to enable MotionGPT to handle

various motion-related tasks in a unified and versatile way.

How to Access and Use MotionGPT?

MotionGPT is not publicly available yet, but it will be released soon on its
project page and GitHub repository. Users will be able to try out
MotionGPT online through an interactive demo that allows them to input
different prompts and control signals and see the generated motions and
captions in real time. Users will also be able to download MotionGPT
from its GitHub repository, where they will find the source code,
pre-trained models, datasets, and instructions for running MotionGPT
locally or on a server.

MotionGPT is open-source and licensed under the MIT License, which

means that users can freely use, modify, and distribute it for both
academic and commercial purposes, subject to the conditions of
preserving the copyright and license notices.

If you are interested to learn more about MotionGPT model, all relevant
links are provided under 'source' section at the end of this article.

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Limitations

MotionGPT is a novel and promising model that opens up new

possibilities for human motion modeling and generation. However, it also
has some limitations that need to be addressed in future work. For
example:

● MotionGPT relies on DVQ to discretize human motion into tokens,

which may introduce quantization errors or lose some fine-grained
details of the original motion.
● MotionGPT uses a fixed codebook size (K) for all motions, which
may not be optimal for different domains or tasks that require
different levels of granularity or diversity.
● MotionGPT uses pre-trained LLMs such as GPT-3 as its
backbone, which may inherit some biases or limitations from these
models or require large amounts of data or computational
resources to train or fine-tune.

Conclusion

MotionGPT is an innovative model that opens up new possibilities for

human motion modeling and generation. It also contributes to the overall
future of AI journey by bridging the gap between motion and language,
two fundamental modalities of human communication and expression.
By enabling diverse applications and challenges in various fields that
require realistic and expressive human motion generation and
understanding, MotionGPT can enhance the interaction and
collaboration between humans and machines, as well as the
understanding and appreciation of human behavior and culture.
source
research paper - https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.14795
research document - https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.14795.pdf
GitHub Repo - https://github.com/OpenMotionLab/MotionGPT
Project details - https://motion-gpt.github.io/

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