Nursing Informatics (MIDTERMS)
COVERAGE:
➢ Policies, Guidelines, and Laws in Nursing
Informatics
➢ Nursing Information System
➢ Nursing Information System Team
➢ Leadership Role of the Nurse in the
Management of Nursing Information
System
➢
POLICIES, GUIDELINES, AND LAWS IN
NURSING INFORMATICS
➢ Patients have the right to privacy and
information shared with healthcare providers.
➢ It is essential to be aware of federal and state
laws so that Protected Health Information (PHI)
remains secure when stored and transmitted by
electronic health record systems.
Protected Health Information is health
information (i.e., a diagnosis, a test
result, an x-ray, etc.) that is maintained
in the same record set as individually
identifiable information
IMPORTANT LAWS AND REGULATIONS IN HEALTH INFORMATICS
Privacy act of 1974
➢ Regulates information collected by the federal
government and its agencies. The legislation
allows citizens to know what information is
collected about them, assure the veracity of that
data and obtain copies of the information. The
Veterans Health Administration and Indian
Health Services are subject to these regulations.
I. Alcohol and Drug abuse Patient
Confidentiality
 The Confidentiality of Alcohol and
Drug Abuse Patient Records rule
allows for additional privacy in any
federally-assisted drug or alcohol
abuse program. Identity, diagnosis,
and treatment are treated as
confidential information. Patient
impairment does not excuse the
release of confidential patient
information.
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II. Conditions for coverage of specialized
services by suppliers
 Part of Medicare laws that govern
providers and require that all PHI be
kept confidential and protected
against loss, destruction, or
unauthorized use
 requires the written approval of
the patient before it is used or
forwarded. Hospitals must protect
this information against
unauthorized use and
current Electronic Health
Records allow for monitoring and
securing data.
 Patients always have a right to
access their records; an institution
is allowed to charge a usual and
customary fee for paper copy
costs. These laws extend to home
health agencies and long-term
care facilities.
III. Institutional Review Boards
➢ governed by state and federal laws and require
informed written consent and data security and
privacy.
➢ State laws vary and may include special
requirements with regard to drug and alcohol
treatment, special disease states, and mental illness
IV. JCAHO (Joint Commission on Accreditation
of Healthcare Organizations)
➢ a private organization that has been used since
1965 to accredit hospitals and facilities, which
allowed for their participation in Medicare.
➢ In 2010, the process changed to provide for review
by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
(CMS) prior to facility participation. JCAHO has had
varying abilities to control and determine rules
related to patient care, several of which pertain to
PHI confidentiality. These rules are constantly under
review and have included a large number of recent
revisions coinciding with the increasing prevalence
of EHRs.
HITECH ACT (Health Information Technology for Economic and
clinical Health) (Act of 2009)
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➢ empowers the Federal Department of Health and
Human Services (HHS) to oversee the promotion
of Health IT – including quality, safety and security
as well as the secure information exchange.
V. HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act) (1996)
➢ enacted to allow for the continuance of health
insurance coverage in situations involving job
changes or loss. Major provisions of this law were
enacted to formulate and regulate federal guidelines
and standards pertaining to electronic healthcare.
Standards were developed to allow for identifications
of providers, health insurance plans, and employers,
including the National Provider Identifier Standard
(NPIS), which provides every physician with a
unique number used in all aspects of healthcare.
VI. Affordable Care Act of 2010
➢ was set up to fundamentally change the way people
are insured; goals include lowering healthcare costs
and making coverage accessible to previously
uninsured people. The law is undergoing major
changes as issues with its implementation are
encountered. Final resolutions should be expected in
the coming years as interpretations of its standards
are developed and enacted. As revisions are
implemented, there may be many changes to the
way healthcare is delivered, including control of PHI.
VII. FDASIA (Food and drug administration
Safety and Innovation of 2012)
➢ resulted in the collaboration of the HHS and FDA to
recommend a regulatory framework for Health IT to
improve mobile applications and other means to
promote patient safety and innovation in healthcare
delivery.
VIII. MACRA (Medicare Access & CHIP (Childrens
Health Insurance Program) Reauthorization
Act of 2015)
➢ intended to ensure that physicians are paid fairly,
that Medicare Part B costs are controlled, and that
healthcare is improved.
➢ In August 2015 it signaled a move away from the
sustainable growth rate formula once used to
determine physician reimbursement and toward a
model based on the quality, efficiency, value and
effectiveness of the medical care provided.
➢ Also, will combine existing quality reporting
programs into one new system.
IX. 21st Century Act
➢ Passed by both houses of Congress and signed into
law by President Obama in December 2016, covers
many facets of healthcare.
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➢ goals for all, though, are the same: to “help
modernize and personalize health care, encourage
greater innovation, support research, and streamline
the system,” according to the act’s mission
statement.
1. Intellectual Property Law
➢ deals with laws to protect and
enforce the rights of the creators and
owners of inventions, writing, music,
designs, and other works, known as
"intellectual property."
➢ Includes copyright, trademark, patents,
and trade secrets.
➢ IP is protected in law by, for example,
patents, copyright, and trademarks,
which enable people to earn recognition
or financial benefit from what they invent
or create.
➢ creations of the mind, such as
inventions; literary and artistic works;
designs; and symbols, names and
images used in commerce.
PATENT (lasts generally 20 years from the filing
date)
➢ exclusive right granted for an
invention, which is a product or a
process that provides, in general, a
new way of doing something, or
offers a new technical solution to a
problem.
➢ patent owner has the exclusive right to
prevent or stop others from
commercially exploiting the patented
invention. In other words, patent
protection means that the invention
cannot be commercially made, used,
distributed, imported or sold by others
without the patent owner's consent.
➢ Patents are territorial rights. In general,
the exclusive rights are only applicable
in the country or region in which a patent
has been filed and granted, in
accordance with the law of that country
or region
TRADEMARK (protected by IP rights lasts for 10
years)
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➢ sign capable of distinguishing the
goods or services of one enterprise
from those of other enterprises
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN
➢ it constitutes the ornamental aspect
of an article
➢ the owner has the right to prevent
third parties from making, selling or
importing articles bearing or
embodying a design which is a copy
or substantial copy of the protected
design
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION
➢ Sign used on goods that have a
specific geographical origin and
possess quality or reputation
that are due to that origin
➢ “Geographical indication” is
defined in the Agreement on
Trade-Related Aspects of
Intellectual Property Rights
(TRIPS) and in the Geneva Act
of the Lisbon Agreement on
Appellations of Origin and
Geographical Indications.
➢ “Appellation of origin” is
defined in the Lisbon Agreement
for the Protection of
Appellations of Origin and their
International Registration and in
the Geneva Act of the Lisbon
Agreement on Appellations of
Origin and Geographical
Indications.
➢ “Protected Designation of
Origin (PDO)” and “Protected
Geographical Indication (PGI)”
are terms used within the
European Union.
TRADE SECRETS
➢ Intellectual property rights on
confidential information which
may be sold or licensed
WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)
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➢ does not offer a copyright
registration system or a
searchable copyright
database.
PHILIPPINE LAWS ON IP
1. R.A 8293 (An Act prescribing
the Intellectual Property
Code and establishing
the Intellectual Property Office,
providing for its powers and
functions, and for other
purposes)
2. R.A 165 (An Act creating a patent
office, prescribing its powers
and duties, regulating the
issuance of patents, and
appropriating funds therefore)
3. R.A 166 (An Act to provide for the
registration and protection of
trade-marks, trade-names, and
service marks, defining unfair
competition and false marking
and providing remedies against
the same, and for other
purposes)
4. PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 49
(Decree on the protection of
intellectual property)
LAW
➢ R.A. 8293: The Intellectual Property Code, as
amended by R.A.s 9150, 9502, and 10372
RULE
➢ The Revised Implementing Rules and
Regulations (IRR) for Patents, Utility Models and
Industrial Designs Recently amended
by Memorandum Circular No. 17-013
2. Copyright Law
➢ form of intellectual property
law protects original works of
authorship including literary,
dramatic, musical, and artistic works,
such as poetry, novels, movies, songs,
computer software, and architecture
COPYRIGHT
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 Nursing Informatics (MIDTERMS)
➢ Collection of all rights enjoyed by the
owner of an artistic or literary work
➢ Derivative works are also protected as
new works provided that it does not
affect the existing copyright on original
works. (Dramatizations, translations,
adaptations, abridgements,
arrangements, and other alterations of
literary music works)
2 types of rights under copyright:
Economic rights (allow the rights owner to
derive financial reward from the use of their
works by others)
Moral rights (protect the non-economic
interests of the author)
What works are not protected by copyright
under Philippine Law?
1. Idea, procedure, system method or
operation, concept, principle, discovery
or mere data as such, even if they are
expressed, explained, illustrated or
embodied in a work;
2. News of the day and other
miscellaneous facts having the
character of mere items of press
information;
3. Official text of a legislative,
administrative or legal nature, as well as
any official translation thereof;
4. Work of the Philippine Government,
unless there was a prior approval by the
appropriate government agency; and
5. Statutes, rules and regulations, and
speeches, lectures, sermons,
addresses, and dissertations,
pronounced, read or rendered in courts
of justice, before administrative
agencies, in deliberative assemblies and
in meetings of public character.
Duration of Copyright Protection
➢ In the Philippines it lasts during the lifetime
of the author plus 50 years after the authors
death.
In case of anonymous or pseudonymous works,
copyright protection shall last for 50 years from
the date on which the work was first lawfully
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published. If the work was not published, it shall
be protected for 50 years counted from the
creation of the work.
Can a copyright be transferred or assigned? Yes.
Copyright can be transferred or assigned in whole or
in part.
SPECIAL LAWS THAT ENSURE THE PROTECTION TO COPYRIGHT
OWNERS OF AUDIO-VISUAL WORKS
Optical Media Act of 2003
➢ regulates the manufacture, mastering,
replication, importation and exportation
of optical media in which information,
including sounds and/or images, or
software code, has been stored, either
by mastering and/or replication.
➢ requires that Source Identification (SID)
Codes, prescribed by the OMB to, be
applied to each and every optical media
mastered, manufactured or replicated
including glass masters, stampers or
other parts used for the manufacture of
optical discs.
FAIR USE
➢ The fair use of a copyrighted work for
criticism, comment, news, reporting,
teaching including multiple copies for
classroom use, scholarship, research and
similar purposes is not an infringement of
copyright.
➢ DE compilation, which is the reproduction of
the code and translation of the forms of the
computer programs to achieve the inter-
operability of an independently created
computer program with other programs, may
also constitute fair use.
COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT
➢ occurs when there is a violation of any of
the exclusive economic or moral rights
granted to the copyright owner. It may
also consist in aiding or abetting such
infringement
What are the penalties provided by
Philippine law for copyright
infringement?
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Under Philippine law, copyright infringement is
punishable by the following:
1. Imprisonment of between 1 to 3 years and a fine
of between 50,000 to 150,000 pesos for the first
offense.
2. Imprisonment of 3 years and 1 day to six years
plus a fine of between 150,000 to 500,000 pesos
for the second offense.
3.Imprisonment of 6 years and 1 day to 9
years plus a fine ranging from 500,000 to
1,500,000 pesos for the third and
subsequent offenses.
3. Privacy of Personal and Public Domains
➢ Privacy policy watchdog groups believe
that the biggest challenge may be that
technology seems to develop at the
speed of light, while the legal protection
of personal privacy moves at the speed
of legislators.
➢ Government officials and privacy-rights
defenders agree that today, at least at
government agency Web sites, care is
being taken to ensure that citizen
information is being kept confidential.
However, as technology use grows,
what may seem like paranoia today
could be a legitimate concern
tomorrow. Consequently, agencies
have made privacy policy a priority, and
some citizens groups are making
lawmakers aware that they are under
surveillance on this issue.
4. Netiquette Rules and Guidelines
➢ Netiquette is a portmanteau of net
and etiquette
➢ refers to the socially acceptable rules
of online conduct.
➢ includes self-presentation standards,
behavior norms, and accepted forms
of expression.
➢ Prevent identity theft and other types
of cybercrime by safeguarding
personal information and protecting
communications
DIGITAL NATIVES (those immersed
in digital tech from birth)
❖ Proper netiquette helps you avoid offending friends,
employers, and other people in your social network.
10 NETIQUETTE RULES
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1. REPRESENT YOURSELF WELL
➢ Self-presentation is crucial online,
because of the lack of visual cues. Your
word and punctuation choices matter, so
make every stroke count.
➢ Use respectful language, be careful with
sarcasm, check grammar
2. RESPECT OTHER PEOPLES PRIVACY
➢ Digital privacy is just as important as
physical privacy. Confirm with the
sender before forwarding an email to
someone else — they may have
intended it for your eyes only.
3. IF YOU WOULDNY SAY IT DIRECTLY DON’T
SAY IT ONLINE
➢ Whether you’re communicating with
strangers or friends, don’t let your
emotions do the talking online.
Interacting behind a screen can make
you feel invincible, and can remove your
social filter in the worst possible way.
4. FOLLOW THE RULES
➢ If the rules are implicit, ask around or
“lurk” (read without posting) for a while
to get the feel for the proper netiquette
policy. If the rules are explicit, they’ll be
posted somewhere clearly. Rules might
include acceptable topics to discuss,
formatting procedures, link policies, or
just a general code of behavior.
5. FACT CHECK
➢ Research thoroughly before making
factual claims online.
6. RESPECT PEOPLES TIME AND
BOUNDARIES
➢ Pick and choose your moments, or
explain why you feel the other person
might enjoy it. Don’t take it personally if
the person doesn’t check it out or report
back — instead, consider they may have
other preferences or might simply be too
busy.
➢ Bcc (Blind Carbon Copy) option hides
email addresses from recipients, so use
it in mass emails if you’re unsure of the
group’s social dynamics
➢ Doxxing (act of revealing someone’s
personal information online) someone is
a serious offense.
7. RESPOND AS PROMPTLY AS YOU CAN
8. KEEP INFORMATION UP TO DATE
9. SEND FILES PROPERLY
10. BE FORGIVING
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➢ Peer-to-peer services
NURSING INFORMATION SYSTEM
- the newest of these three
1. Internet Applications Internet applications, and
also the most controversial,
➢ a client/server application that uses because its uses have
standard Internet protocols for created problems related to
connecting the client to the server the access and use of
3 most important internet services: copyrighted materials
➢ E-mail (Electronic Mail)
- Most widely used and - fastest growing, most
successful internet controversial, and
applications potentially most important
- Principal Internet application areas of Internet
E-mail is fueled by 2 factors applications
1. Increasing numbers - based on the sharing of
of INTERNET physical resources, such as
SERVICE hard drives, processing
PROVIDERS (ISPs) cycles, and individual files
2. number of physical among computers and other
devices capable of intelligent devices.
supporting e-mail
has grown to TWO BASIC P2P MODELS
include highly
portable devices 1. based on a central host
such as personal computer that
digital assistants coordinates the
(PDAs) and cellular exchange of files by
telephones. indexing the files
available across a
The formulation of Multipurpose Internet Mail network of peer
Extensions (MIME) and its adoption by software computers. highly
developers has made it much easier to send and controversial because it
receive attachments, including word-processed has been employed
documents, spreadsheets, and graphics. widely to support the
unlicensed exchange of
➢ Web browsing commercial sound
- application that had the recordings, software,
greatest influence on the and other copyrighted
dramatic expansion of the materials.
Internet and its use during 2. Under the second
the 1990s. model, which may prove
- developed in a highly ultimately to be far more
commercialized important, peer-to-peer
environment dominated by applications aggregate
such corporations as and use otherwise idle
Microsoft and Netscape, resources residing on
and heavily influenced by low-end devices to
the World Wide support high-demand
computations. For
Web Consortium (W3C). example, a specially
W3C- founded 1994 by Tim designed screensaver
Berners-Lee (original running on a networked
computer may be
architect of the web)
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 Nursing Informatics (MIDTERMS)
employed to process
astronomical or medical
data.
2. Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and wireless
Devices
➢ a term for a small, mobile, handheld
device that provides computing and
information storage and retrieval
capabilities for personal or business
use, often for keeping schedules,
calendars and address book
information handy.
➢ Wireless devices such as cell
phones, PDAs, and most recently the
iPod touch are becoming more
common among nursing students
and nurses.
➢ They can be used in the clinical
setting and also for theory and
learning.
➢ They can provide faster and easier
access to patient records, charting,
etc.
➢ The term now commonly refers to
software that recognizes a user's
voice and uses artificial intelligence
to respond to queries.
➢ EXAMPLES: Apple Siri, Microsoft’s
Cortona, and amazons Alexa
3. Emails, Bookmarks
➢ Electronic mail (email or e-mail) is a
method of exchanging messages
("mail") between people using
electronic devices.
➢ Bookmarks are used to save
shortcuts to your favorite web pages
and navigate to them in seconds
from anywhere
4. Wireless Phones
➢ A telephone in which the handset is
portable and communicates with the
body of the phone by radio, instead
of being attached to a cord
5. Two-way Video Teleconferencing
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➢ Combines audio and video to
provide voice communications and
video images
6. Facetime
➢ A proprietary videotelephony
product developed by Apple Inc.
7. Text messaging
➢ or texting is the act of composing
and sending electronic messages,
typically consisting of alphabetic and
numeric characters
8. Twitter, Google, Internet, Facebook, Web 2.0,
blogs, wikis
➢ Web 2.0 (participative or participatory
web and social web)
➢ Websites that emphasize user-
generated content, ease of use,
participatory culture, and
interoperability (i.e. compatibility
with other products, systems,
and devices) for end users.
Ways to address “DOWNTIME”
➢ Internet connection is unstable, especially
during times of natural disasters
• Invest in a backup connection
• Have offline copies of work
• Make necessary preparations
NURSING INFORMATION SYSTEM TEAM
A. Health Care Team
➢ Members are doctor physician
Assistants, Nurses, Pharmacists,
Dentists, Technologists and
technicians, Therapists and
rehabilitation specialists, Emotional,
social, and spiritual support
providers, Administrative and
support staff, Community health
workers, and patient navigators
B. IT team
➢ the stewards of the company's
portfolio of technology investments.
Not only are they responsible that
systems are operating properly to
keep the business running, but also
manage the total cost of ownership
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of IT systems and make technology- ➢ Nursing informatics a specialty

lifecycle decisions. that incorporates nursing care with
the use of computers and
Responsibilities of IT teams information science to provide
information about nursing care
➢ MANAGING AND MAINTAINING IT SYSTEMS delivery.
(maintaining and upgrading systems
that are being used by the company
e-Health
and its employees)
➢ AUTOMATING PROCESSES (use
appropriate technology to automate ➢ A term used by Health Canada to describe the
various business operations) information and communication
➢ SYSTEM INTEGRATION (integrating the technologies used in health care, which
various systems a company uses.) includes a range of services such as electronic
➢ MANAGING DATA (takes care of storing, patient administration systems, lab and
protecting, validating, and diagnostic tests, information services, and
processing data) telehealth and tele homecare monitoring devices
(including remote vital sign monitoring).
➢ SYSTEM SECURITY (Develops and
implements procedures to make the m-Health
operating systems work effectively)
➢ includes many different types of medical- and
➢ TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT (Assist users health-related apps, currently available either
when they need help with free of charge or for a fee.
technology and they fix operating
systems when they malfunction)
C. Listserv And Newsgroup
➢ For personal/professional support and
updating
➢ Constant
➢ A mailing list that is automated to
distribute mail electronically
D. Newsgroups’ messages
➢ Keeping an ear to the ground on a topic
or beat
➢ Transient
➢ Need to access to a news server and
newsreader

LEADERSHIP ROLE OF THE NURSE IN THE MANAGEMENT

OF NURSING INFORMATION SYSTEM
➢ The goal of nursing management is
to actualize leadership functions, including
informatics research, over nurses in practice.
Health Informatics

➢ Health information systems specialize in storing,

managing, capturing, and transmitting
information about the health of individuals along
with all activities within the health care
organization

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