India’s Best Institute for IES, GATE & PSUs Main Exam Detailed Solutions PAPER-II EXAM DATE : 26-06-2022 | 2:00 PM to 5:00 PM MADE EASY has taken due care in making solutions. If you find any discrepency/error/typo or want to contest the solution given by us, kindly send your suggested answer(s) with detailed explanation(s) at Delhi | Hyderabad | Bhopal | Jaipur | Lucknow | Bhubaneswar | Pune | Kolkata | PatnaFAMADE [=] =[-}" pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EXT SN ANALYSIS Civil Engineering [Paper-It } Pre CUE) sh. Subjects Marks 1. | Fluid Mechanics & Hydraulic Machines 89 2. | Engineering Hydrology ° 3. | Water Resource Engineering 20 4. | Environmental Engineering 131 5. | _ Soll Mechanics & Foundation Engg, 106 6. | Surveying and Geology 60 7. | Transportation Engineering 74 Total 480 BCE LTS Crete Retry aoe)FaMADE [=] =[-} pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EYNTa% Eee @1 (a) A straight 20 cm diameter pipeline 4 km long is laid between two reservoirs having a difference of levels of 40 m. To increase the capacity of the system, an additional 2 km long, 20 cm diameter pipe is laid parallel from the upper reservoir to the mid-point of the original pipe. Find the increase in discharge due to installation of the new pipe. Assume f as 0.00625. [12 marks} Solution: og T 40m dey Diameter, d = 0.2m Length, L = 4000m f= 0.00625 ‘Apply energy equation between (A) and (8) Py WB b 2 Biz, ea en pg pg Pg pg cee xg DP 40 = 8XG° [0.00625 x 4000 ng (oa Q= 0078718 mijsec. o Q=78.718Ips pees ayfaMADE [=] =[-}" pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EXT SN pont enercy equation between (A) and(@) bean, pg 2g fa Maz, pg" 2g 8(g12) fly, 8xlaf f(L/2) ®- "8g “DB ng OF aq) FL “= fy eg

oH Critical Thoma’s number = 1.042 x 10° (N,)** where Nis specific speed of pump, NPSH = (H,-h,)-H, where H, = atmospheric pressure head H, = vapour pressure head = suctionhead @1 (c) A well is pumping near a barrier boundary at a rate of 0.04 m%s from a confined aquifer 20 m thick. The hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer is 3.5 x 10-4 m/s and its storactivity is 3 x 10-§, Determine the drawdown in the observation well after 15 hours of continuous pumping. What is the fraction of the drawdown attributable to the impermeable barrier boundary? Barer boundery Ee Observation oO wal area)faMADE [=] =[-}" pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Inia Bet nettuve for EB, GATES FEU nen) u [10 [20] 30] 40 | 50] 60 | 70 | 80 0 x1_ [0218 [0.048 [0.078 | 0.0038 | 0.0017 | 0.00036 | 0.00072 | 0.000088 | 0.000012 xto” | 1.82 | 1.22 | 0.91 | 0.70 0.56 0.45 0.37 0.31 0.26 xto* | 4.04 | 3.35 | 296 | 268 2.47 2.30 215 2.03 1.92 xto™ | 6.33 | 5.64 | 5.23 | 4.95 4.73 454 4.39 4.26 4.14 xio* | 8.63 | 7.94 | 7.53 | 7.25 7.02 6.84 6.69 6.55 6.44 xto* | 10.94 | 10.24 | 9.84 | 9.55 9.33 9.14 8.99 8.86 8.74 xio* [13.24 | 12.55 [1214| 11.85 | 11.63 | 11.45 | 11.20 | 11.16 | 11.04 xo” [15.54 | 1485 /1444| 14.15 | 1393 | 1375 | 1360 | 1346 | 13.34 xio* [17.84 | 17.15 |16.74| 16.46 | 1623 | 1605 | 15.90 | 15.76 | 15.65 x10 [20.15 | 19.45 | 19.05 | 18.76 | 18.64 | 1835 | 18.20 | 1807 | 17.95 x10-° | 22.45 [21.76 [21.95 | 21.06 | 20.84 | 20.66 | 2050 | 20.37 | 20.25 x10" | 24.75 | 24.06 | 23.65 | 23.36 | 23.14 | 2296 | 22.81 | 2267 | 2255 x10"? | 27.08 | 26.36 | 26.96 | 25.67 | 25.44 | 25.26 | 25.11 | 2497 | 24.86 xio-* | 29.36 | 28.66 | 28.26 | 27.97 | 27.75 | 27.56 | 27.41 | 2728 | 27.16 xio-" | 31.66 | 30.97 |30.56| 30.28 | 3005 | 20.87 | 2071 | 2058 | 29.46 x10" | 33.96 | 33.27 |32.86 | 32.58 | 32.35 | 32.17 | 3202 | 31.88 | 31.76 [12 marks] Solution: Observation —Barrior well boundary Imaginary pumped well 300m Discharge through a pumped well, Q= 0.04 m*/s Thickness of confined aquifer, B= 20m Hydraulic conductivity of aquifer, k= 3.5 x 10-4 m/s Storativity, s = 3x 10 Drawdown in the observation well is 1+ 8 area)RANK IMPROVEMENT COURSE FOR GATE 2023 Streams : CE, ME, EE, EC, CS Batches commenced from 6" June, 2022 (7:00 PM - 9:00 PM) + Course Duration : 300-350 Hrs - Fee: Rs. 18,000 + GST Comprehensive problem-solving sessions by India's top faculties. 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BRE GSE Download z z the A PP Bi ie Android ios www.madeeasyprime.com 9021300500faMADE [=] =[-} pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EYNTa% eS mm (for pumped well) where, Bs an u, = 23 (orimaginary pumped well id us = Fz (lorimaginary pumped well) 2 = 250? «3x10 ees 48.5% 10 x 20 x (15 x 3600) 2 ‘ 408.36" x3x107 ___ 3. 998x104 43.5% 10" x 20 x 15 x 3600 = 3.23 x 10% ‘The value of Mu,) from the table is: For u= 1x 10%, Mu) = 6.33 For U= 2x 108, Mu) =5.64 By interpolation, for u 1.24 x 10°: 5.64-6.33 W(u,) 6.33 = (1.24 10° -1x 10°) 2x10 -1x 10 Wu) = 6.1644 The value of W{u,) from the table is For. u= 3x 10%, Mu) = 5.23 For U= 4x 10%, Mu) = 4.95 By interpolation, for Uy = 3.23 x 10° 495-5.23 _ e Wu) -§.23 = ——>— > __ (3.23x 10 -3x 10°) es (10°) (6x10) Wu,) = 5.1656 0.04m*/s ———_ [6.1644 + 5.1656] Sex (OSx10-4 20) I =5.15m Ifthe impermeable barrier boundary would not exist, then drawdown in the well 0.04m%Is 4nx(3.5x10"4 x 20)m¥/s Drawdown additionally caused due to impermeable barrier S—S' = 5.152-2.80=2.35m 6.1644 = 2.80m 7! of Solution area)FAMADE [=] =[-}" pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EXT SN 1 (d) What do you mean by Environmental Lapse Rate (ELR) and Adiabatic Lapse Rate (ALR)? How and in what manner do the environmental lapse rate and adiabatic lapse rate affect the dispersion of an air pollutant into the atmosphere? Explain clearly. [12 marks] Solution: Lapserate:In the troposphere, the temperature of the ambient air usually decrease with an increase in attitude. This rate of temperature change is called the lapse rate, This rate wil differ from place to place and from time to time even at the same place. Environmental lapse rate (ELR)/Ambient lapse: The ELR can be determined by sending up. a balloon equipped with a thermometer. The balloon moves through the alt, not with it, and the temperature gradient of ambient air, which the rising balloon measures is called the ambient lapse rate, the environmental lapse rate or the prevailing lapse rate. Adiabatic Lapse Rate: When a parcel of air, whichis hotter and lighter than the surrounding air is released, then naturally it tends to rise up, unti it reaches to a level at which its own temperature and density becomes equal to that of the surrounding using the law of conservation of energy and gas law. This-rate of decrease of temperature with height is called adiabatic lapse rate. Dry air expanding adiabatically, cools at ate of 98°C per kilometer and itis called dry adiabatic lapse rate. In wet adiabatic process a saturated parcel of ait rises and cools. Temperature changes of the parcel are due to liberation of latent heat as. well as of expansion of the air. Wet adiabatic lapse rate (6°C/km) is thus lesser than dry adiabatic lapse rate. Since a rising parcel of emitted smokes will normally, neither be fully dry nor fully saturated, the actual adiabatic lapse rate (ALA), representing cooling of the emitted smokes will be between the dry adiabatic rate and wet adiabatic rate, The three: major relative position of ELR line with reference to ALR line are as follows: (a) Super Adiabatic Lapse Rate: When the ELR is more than the ALR then ambient lapse rate is super adiabatic and the environment is said to unstable Dispersion of pollutants will be rapid due to rapid vertical mixing of the air making the environment unstable. 2500,- 3 1500). 3 ; 8 5 t0 15 20 25 30 Temp. inc —» (b) Sub-adiabatic Lapse Rate: When ELR is less than the ALR the environment set to be stable and environmental lapse rate is called the sub-adiabatic lapse rate. Kalu Sarai, New Dalhi-170 area)faMADE [=] =[-} pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EYNTa% 2s00| #200 vs in moves. 1000] 5.00| Temp. n° —e. Under such condition, the atmosphere is said to be stable. (c) Neutral: Wnen ELR equals the ALR and both the lines coincide, the environment such a case is called neutral End of Solution Q1 (e) A community of 50,000 people uses a 12 ha landfill site that can be filled to an average depth of 20 m. If the municipal solid waste is generated at the rate of 25 N per person per day, and its compacted unit weight in the fill is 8 KN/m® and the municipal solid waste to cover ratio is 4: 1, what is the anticipated useful life of the landfill site? [12 marks] Volume of landfill site available = 12 ha x 20n Total MSW generated = 50000 x 25 Nic usw 4 Cover ~ Weight of cover = 7 x 1250000N/d = 312500 Nid Total landfill weight filled per day = 1562500 Nid Volume of compacted landifil filed per day 1862500N/4 _ 95.3484 ‘B000N/m Time required fo fill the volume of landfill 1e. 240 ha-m is 240 x 104m? 195.31 mid = 33.67 yrs = 1228.16 days area)faMADE [=] =[-}" pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Inds Gea Instuce or ES GATE & PEL CivilEngineering PUTT Q2 (a) A centrifugal pump having outer diameter equal to two times the inner diameter and running at 1200 rpm, works against a total head of 75 m. The velocity of flow through the impeller is constant and equal to 3.0 m/s. The vanes are set back at an angle of 30° at the outlet. If the outlet diameter of the impeller is 600 mm and width at the outlet is 50 mm, determine the following: (i) Vane angle at the inlet. (ii) Work done per second by the impeller. ) Manometric efficiency. (iv) Loss of head at inlet to impeller when the discharge is reduced by 40% with changing the speed. [20 marks) Solution: Given: Manometric head, H,, = 75m Flow velocity, V, = N= 1200 rpm = 30° Outer diameter of impeller, D, = 0.6 m Wiath of outlet, B, = 0.05 m Dz 08 _ gam Inner diameter of impeller, D 2727 03 Discharge, Q = nD,B, x Vjp = mx 0.6 x 0.05 x 3 = 0.2827 mY/s 2x0.3%1200 ue = 18.85 uy 60 8.85m/s x 0.6x1200 we =377 3 60 mvs Vy 3 3 (i) Vaneangleatinlet, tano= 4 =7ggg «(0 = 9.048 Vo = 4-2 = tang (il) Work done per second, W = pQVjoly = 1000 x 0.2827 x 32.504 x 37.7 = 346420.81 Novs (ii) Manometrc eficiency, Hm» 9.81x75 VyoXUp 32504x377 Thy = 0.6004 ~ 60% I 2 01510 ae 1° |faMADE [=] =[-} pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EYNTa% is 18 m high, in triangular shape. The specific gravity of the dam material is 2.25. Find the minimum safe width of the dam. Use uplift factor K as 0.45. Also calculate the principal and shear stress at the toe of the dam. Consider safety against sliding when the reservoir is full. [20 marks] Solution: H=18m G, - Specitic gravity of dam material = 2.25 Uplift factor, K = 0.45 For safety against tension, Ban ~ Minimum width of the dam 4 18m Bon = = = 13.4164 hn = GK J2.25-045 ” = 13.42m 18m 13.42 m Principal stress at the toe of the dam o= ¥AG,-K+ 1) = 9.81 kNim? x 18m x (2.25 -0.45 + 1) 494.424 Nim? Maximum normal stress at the toe of the dam, Pmaxtce = YwhG,-K) area)faMADE [=] =[-}" pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EXT SN 9.81 x kNim? x 18 m(2.25 ~ 0.45) 317.844 KNim? Shear stress at the toe, toe = Prnaxtoe tN 13.42 317.844 x—5= = 236.97 kNim? End of Solution @2 (c) A wastewater treatment plant produces 900 kg of dry solids per day at a moisture content of 96 percent. The solids are 70 percent volatile with a specific gravity of 1.0 and 30 percent non-volatile with a specific gravity of 2.5. What would be the sludge volume under the following conditions: (i) After digestion process, which reduces volatile solids content by 50 percent and decreases the moisture content to 91 percent. (ii) After dewatering process to 72 percent moisture. [20 marks] Quantity of dry sludge produced = 900 kg/d 100 Total mass of sludge = 800kg/dx “>> = 22500 kg/d Quantity of volatile solids in the sludge = 900 x 0.7 = 630 kg/d Quantity of non-volatile solids in the sludge = 900 x 0.3 = 270 kg/d Gases = 630 kg/d « 0.5 Moisture content= 919% 22500 kal Digester |_» Volatile sols = 630 x 0.5 Non-volaile solids = 270 kala Total solids present in the digested sludge = (680 x 0.5) + 270 = 585 kg/d These solids are 9% of total mass 100 Total mass of sluclge = S85kg/d x ~~ = 6500ka/d Mass of water in the sludge = 6500 - 585 = 5915 kg/d S915kgid = 5.915m*/d 1000kg/m Volume of water in the digested sludge = Specific gravity of volatile solids = (630 0.5)kg/d =0.315m%/d 15000 kgim® =. Volume of volatile solids in the digested sludge = Specitic gravity of non-volatile solids = 2.5 area)GENERAL STUDIES FOR STATE ENGINEERING & SSC EXAMS LIVE-ONLINE COURSE TotalTeaching Hours: 250 Hours | Course Duration:3 Months | Validity :6 Months Batches commenced from 1" June, 2022 (6:30 PM - 9:30 PM) Early Bird Discount of Rs. 4,000/- till 30” June, 2022 Fee:Rs-480004 Rs. 12,000+ GST © Comprehensive coverage of the entire sections of General Studies. @ Designed as per the latest syllabus and trend of various State Engineering Exams and SSC Exams. @ Designed as per the latest syllabus and trend of various State Engineering Exams and SSC Exams. @ Well-designed comprehensive study material will be sent to your address. SUBJECT COVERED : @ History © General Science © Polity © Environment © Geography @ General Knowledge @ Economy —& Current Affairs Note: Recorded videos are available for the subjects which are already taught. Download the App www.madeeasyprime.com 9021300500faMADE [=] =[-} pe ESE 2022 Main Examination yids bet nes for Eb ONE SPS eee en paper 270KGId —__ 5 voamt folume of non-volatile solids in the dige: jo = = 0.108m*/d Volume of non-volatile solids in he digest sludge = 3-55 soo qgin? . Total volume of digested sludge = Vs, * Vosste * Viens = (5.915 +0.315 + 0.108)m%/d = 6.338 m4d (i) Moise content «72% — Dewatering |____. Volatile solids = 0,315 mid ‘Non-volatile solids = 0.108 m'id Dewatering Is assumed to reduce volume by explusion of water only Mass of solids inthe dewatered sludge = 315 + 270 = 885 kgld Now mass of moisture in the dewatered sludge 2 = se5hgld 72 = 1508 285kg/4 1804 28ka/d , Cee - = 1.504m*/d Volume of moist inthe dewatered sludge = “neg ee Thus, volume of dewatered sludge, Volume = (1.504 + 0,315 + 0.108) mid = 1.927 md @3 (a) Design a sewer to serve a population of 50,000 with per capita water supply of 150 litres per day. Assume that the sewer should run 0.7 times full at the maximum discharge. The slope available for the sewer to be laid is 1 in 500 and the sewer should be designed with a peaking factor of 3.0. Assume Manning's rugosity coefficient value (N) = 0.012. Also perform check for self-cleaning velocity. The following table may be used if required: Proportionate depth | Proportionate velocity | Proportionate discharge 0.20 0615 0.088 0.30) 0776 0.196 [20 marks] area)ESE 2022 Main Examination FAMADE EnSH fen =arelatssaiit] Indias Beat Ineritute for (EB, GATE & PELS Design discharge of the sewer, q= 3x (150 l/e/d x 0.8) x 50000 ¢ = 18x 10° Vd (A factor of 0.8 is taken for assuming 8070 of water supplied is converted to sewage). q= 0.2083 m/s { \) |, | Ws Sh Gi 4 oz iven ¢ a7 = 4{1-cos) 2 2. « = 1-c0s# 14 1-008 = 227-156" a _sra\?” @ _(_o__ sina) 360° an Bes @ le = @ 360° For assumed full ow a- 4 _ 0.2083m%/s 0.838 0.838 1 (0%? (7) ave - area 500) 4 D=0561m Check for self cleansing velocity: Self cleansing velocity must be generated at minimum flow. d ‘Assuming the minimum flow in the sewer to be -5 the average flow. area)faMADE [=] =[-} pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Inia Bet nettuve for EB, GATES FEU CivilEngineering EXCITE an = (1S0Hfe/ax 0.8 x 500000) x 2 = 2x 108 iid = 0.0281 mils Gen _ 0.0231 _ 5 o999 Q = 02486 a ey = Saag = 0.2486 mils Ve 1929, from the given table, by interpolation, can be found out. Grin | Min a_|iv 0.088 [0.615 0.196 0.776) o.os27| xX _| 0.776- 0.615 X= 0618 = DoE opp (0.0927 - 0.088) = 0.622 Voor, = 62x 1A age - 4 (oset?/* [7 = 0622x—5x 5 = 0.621 mis greater than 0.6 m/s is satisfactory as per Criteria 3.15.1 of GOI manual on sewage and sewage treatment. Hence, 0. Usually, minimum vel Q3 (b) An open tank of diameter D containing water to depth h, is emptied by a ‘smooth orifice at the bottom. Derive an expression for the time taken to reduce the height to A. Also deduce the expression for if D is 0.5 m, diameter of ori e if d << D. Then estimate the time 0.025 m with water level as 0.5 m. — ——+ (Orifice) [20 marks) area)FAMADE [=] =[-}" pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EXT SN Given D= 0.5m, d= 0.025 m, hy = 0.5m os t [eb tn ti C T bs h bo Diameter of tank = D Areaoftank =A, ie. A= Diameter of orifice = Areaoforifice=a ie. a= ie Let time for liquid to fall from and Coefficientot discharge = C, -A.dh = Cyel2gh-at ih cena = eT nen F = - fat iz. . dh Vi -sf) <7 im Fl “Get ae) 2D? ro gv) pees ayFAMADE [=] =[-} pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EYNTa% 2005) ——— (V0.5 - vh) T= 6,(0.025) a a) = 0899.05 - JA) seconds " where his in mete End of Solution Q3 (c) State Buckingham’s n-theorem. Write the procedure for selecting the repeating variables. [15 marks] Solution Buckingham n-Method + Thetheorem states thatif there are n dimensional variables involved in a phenomenon, which can be completely described by m fundamental quantities or dimensions (such as mass, length, time ete.), and are related by dimensionally homogeneous equation, then the relationship among the r-quantities can always be expressed in terms of exactly (n- m) dimensionless and independent x terms. * _Inagenetal dimensional analysis problem, there is one x that we call the dependent zr, giving itthe notation m. The parameter x, is in general a function of several other ¢s, which we call independent r’s. Thus, ™, = ty, ...-7) where kis the total number of rs + Ifa quantity is dimensionless, itis a n-term. * Ifany two quantities have same dimension, then their ratios will be a a-term. * Any mterm can be replaced by any power of that term, can also be replaced by multiplying or dividing it by another r-term, Procedure for Selecting Repeating Variables () Select the first repeating variable from those describing the geometry of flow e.g. size and shape of fluid passage or of the moving body such as diameter, length, height, ete. (ji) Select the second repeating variable from those representing the fluid properties such as density, viscosity, surface tension, elasticity, vapour pressure, etc (ii) Select the third repeating variable from those characterising the fluid motion such as velocity, acceleration, discharge, pressure, force, power. End of Solution Kalu Sarai, New Dalhi-170 area)General Studies & Engineering Aptitude for ESE 2023 Prelims (Paper-l) @ 200 Hrs of comprehensive classes. @ Teaching pedagogy similar to the classroom course. 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[10 marks] Sol 4 (b) A 20 cm diameter well fully penetrates a confined aquifer of thickness 25 m when the will is pumped at a rate of 200 litres/minute. The steady state drawdown in two observation wells located at 10 m and 100 m distance from the pumping well are found to be 3.6 m and 0.05 m, respectively. Calculate the permeability and transmissivity of the aquifer. [10 marks] cL —!t et] layer 2 S, ~ drawdown in frst observation well $,=35m S, = drawclown in second observation well S, = 0.05m Applying Thiem’s equation: qe 28KB (hy =) _ 2nk6(S;-S;) (t2 nl ta) xt? 2nxk x 25m(3.5~0.05)m OnE yap, . BAER MIS-008)m pees ayfaMADE [=] =[-} pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering FXG ST k= 1.4163 x 10% mis Transmissibility, T= kB 1.4163 x 10° m/s x 25m 3,841 x 104 m/s End of Solution @4 (c) A drinking water treatment plant has a circular sedimentation basin to treat 13 million litres of river water per day. After storms occur upstream, the river often carries 0.010 mm silt particles with an average density of 2300 kg/m?, and the silt must be removed before the water can be used. The sedimentation basin is 3.5m deep and 21.0 m in diameter, The water is at 15°C. Answer the following: (i) What is the hydraulic detention time of the basin? the sedimentation basin (clarifier) remove all of the silt par from the river water? Justify your answer with appropriate calculations, (Take density of water (p) = 999.1 kg/m? and viscosity of water (1) 0.00114 kg/m.s at 15°C) [20 marks] Solution: (Assuming a standard circular tank with side water depth, H=35m and Diameter, D = 21m Hydraulic detention time Volume of the tank °.= Discharge passing through the tank 0? (0.785H +0.0110) @ 28 (0.785 x35 +0.011%21}m® 13x 108 md 0.101039 m*dx 2an/d = 2.424 h (i) Surface overtiow rate, _ Q_ _ 13x10? md nl (nx2P/4)n? 4 = 37.533 m*im?id The settling velocity can be found at by stokes law. vy, 2 £18(G, = (87 +70) = 0.0624 mm/s /, a 0.06: Is area)faMADE [=] =[-}" pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Inds Gea Instuce or ES GATE & PEL CivilEngineering PXCSCEN = 418(2.3- V(8x15470) (6 gy? 100 = 0.0624 mm/s 37.53 mid = 0.4344 mm/s, (23-1x9.81x999.1x(0.010x102)*° — Wex0004 0.0621 mm/s V, = minimum(0.0624, 0.0621) = 0.0621 mm/s Settling velocity is less than surface overflow rate therefore all silt particles will not be removed. @4 (d) Explain the Hardy Cross method used for pipe network analysis in the water distribution system. Also derive the expression to apply correction to assumed flow successively for each pipe loop in the network. [20 marks) In any pipe network, the following two conditions must be satistied: (). The algebraic sum of the pressure drops around a closed loop must be zero, i.e. there can be no discontinuity in pressure. (i) The flow entering a junction must be equal to the flow leaving the same junction; i.e. the law of continuity must be satisfied, Gardt-Cross Method: The flow in each pipe is assumed by the designer (in magnitude as well as in direction) in such a way that the principle of continuity is satisfied at each junction (.e. the inflow al any junction becomes equal to the outflow at that junction). Acortection to these assumed flows is then computed successively for each pipe loop in the network, until the correction is reduced to an acceptable magnitude. IQ, is the assumed flow and Qis the actual flow in the pipe, then that correction Ais given by A=Q-0, or Q=Q,4+4 Now, expressing the head loss (H,) as Hi = Kat We have, the head loss in a pipe, = K(Q, +A = [Qj Q31 4 +..... Neglecting terms containing higher powers of A] = [5 + xara] area)faMADE [=] =[-} pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering FXG ST Now, around a closed loop, the summation of head losses must be zero. BK[Q3 + xQ3"A] = 0 or EK QE = -3K,Q5" _EKOE or a= apt Since Ais given the same sign (or direction) in all pipes of the loop, the denominator of the above equation is taken as the absolute sum of the individual items in the summation, Hence where head loss for the assumed flow Q,, End of Solution @5 (a) The following two size of sampling tubes are available in the market: Parameters | Sampling Tube 1| Sampling Tube 2 [OuterDia(mm)| 75S? [InnerDiatmm [72 |S [Length (mm) | 600 i 600 To obtain undisturbed soil sample from borehole, which sampling tube needs to be selected and why? [12 marks] The data provided in the question is not sufficient to determine inside clearance, outside clearance and area ratio, because diameter of cutting teeth is not given, So, as per given data: 08 - 0? A=" pp 75? - 72? Forsampingtube-t, 4, = “= =7% x100= 86% area)faMADE [=] =[-}" pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EXT SN x 100 = 104.08% For sampling tube-2, As per 11892: Area ratio should be kept as low as possible. It's value should not be greater than about 20% for stiff soil and for soft sensitive clays, area ratio of 10% or less should be preferred. Hence Sample-t should be selected @5 (b) An infinte dry sandy slope is just stable at a slope angle of 35°. Unit weight of sand = 20 kN/m®. In monsoon, water starts flowing through the sand down the slope. At what inclination of slope will it be stable in such [12 marks] Given: Slope angle, B = 35° Yoana = 20 KNIm# In dry infnte slope, for the siope to be just stable, FOS = 1 tano tarp ~ | tang tan35 — $= p=35° When flow takes place at ground slope surface, ‘A tang 2tanB =t *| Lean(ss) = tan tan” | Stan B= 1929" @5 (c) What do you mean by spot speed, running speed, space-mean speed and time-mean speed? Explain them with appropriate examples. Also discuss the main purposes of spot speed studies [12 marks] area)A MADE EASY Eee CS cuineth Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EYNTa% 1. Spot speed is the instantaneous speed of a vehicle at a specified section or location. 2. Running speed is the average speed maintained by a vehicle over a particular stretch of road, while the vehicle is in motion. This is obtained by dividing the distance covered by the time during which the vohicle is actually in motion. Space-mean speed represents the average speed of vehicles in a certain road length at any time. This is obtained from the observed travel time of the vehicles over a relatively long stretch of the road. Space-mean speed is calculated from: v,= 36ch 4 where V, = space-mean speed, kmph d= length of road considered, (in m) n= number of individual vehicle observations t, = observed travel time (sec) for the vehicle to travel distance dm The average travel time of all the vehicles is obtained from the reciprocal of space mean speed, 4, Time-mean speed represents the speed distribution of vehicles at a point on the roadway and itis the average of instantaneous speeds of observed vehicles at the spot. Time- mean speed is calculated from: where, ime-mean speed, kmph observed instantaneous speed of ith vehicles, kmph 1umber of vehicles observed ‘Ths space-mean speed is slightly lower than time mean speed under typical speed conditions on rural highway, Purpose of spot speed study is: (@) Planning traffic control and in traffic regulations. (b) Geometric design-for redesigning existing highways. (¢) Inaccident studies. (d) Study the traffic capacity. (@) Decide the speed trends (f) Compare diverse types of drivers and vehicles under specified conditions. End of Solution Kalu Sarai, New Dalhi-170 area)GATE 2023 Lo Tests are live Throughly researched, quality ‘questions as per standard & ‘Test series interfaces orientation of GATE consisting ‘exactly similar to actual GATE MCQs, NATS & MSOs Get video solutions by senior ey Facity to appear in test Pred anywhere & anytime (247) ee, ee al ——A$A——> Askyour doubt to our experts, Detailed, step by step and ‘Get answer of your queries weliustated solutions, ‘on chat window Foruser’s better understanding el ww... EX Evaluate yourselfand get Al inca Rank ‘embedded vital caleulator —§|@—r. Available on android, i0S (Desktop & Laptop) » | 54 TESTS 1782 + Newly Designed Questions Creu ee AEDT) COSC Oai) SrmcrconFAMADE [=] =[-}" pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EXT SN 5 (d) What is meant by crossing? What are the essential requirements of a good crossing? Discuss various types of crossing in use in Indian Railways. [12 marks] Soluti ‘A‘crossing’ ora ‘rog' is a device which provides two flangeways through which the wheels of the flanges may move, when two rails intersect each other at an angle. The flanged wheel of the train jump over the gap from ‘throat’ ot ‘nose’ of crossing and to check the whee! flanges from striking the nose, the opposite wheel flanges are guided by Use of ‘check rails’ inside the running rail Components of Crossing: () Acrossing ot Vee piece. (i) Point and splice rails. (ii) Wing rails (iv) Check rails, (v) Chairs at crossing, at toe and at hee! (ui) Throat of crossing Requirements and characteristics of a good crossing (0) The assembly of a crossing has to be rigid to stand against severe vibrations.and splice rails. (i) The wear on patts of the wing rails, opposite the nose and also of nose itself must be protected. The medium manganese steel(ie., an alloy steel) is used where traffic is ight whereas high manganese steel is used where traffic is heavy. (ii) The crossing body should be as rigid as possible and as long as practicable (iv) Ramp the wing rails by 3 mm to 6 mm at the top from throat to nose and flushing itto the normal level of the chair (¥) By use of the distance blocks closely touching the web. (vi) The nose of crossing should have some thickness, aries from 6 mm to 18 mm Type of Crossings: Crossing can be classified as below: 1. Acute angle crossing or "V” crossing or Frog. 2. Obtuse angle crossing or Diamond crossing 3. Square crossing 1, Acute angle crossing: It is obtained when a left-hand rail of one track crosses a rig hand rail of another track or vice versa, The crossing used widely, 2. Obtuse angle crossing: This crossing is obtained when left-hand rail of one track crosses right hand rail of another track ot vice versa at an obtuse angle. In diamond crossing, a pair of special crossing is used whichis called "Obtuse crossing’ Kalu Sarai, New Dalhi-170 area)faMADE [=] =[-} pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering FXG ST 3. Square crossing: When two straight tracks cross each other at right angles, they give rise to square crossing. Ths type of crossing must be avoided on mainlines because there is heavy wear due to dynamic loads. End of Solution Q5 (e) The top point P of a tower having reduced level of 200 m was sighted using the theodolite from two stations A and B which were 100 m apart and were on the same side of the tower. All the three points A, B and P were in the same plane. The angles of elevation of point P from instrument stations A and B were 10°30’ and 16° 20’ respectively. The horizontal axis of instrument at point A was 2.5 m below the horizontal axis of instrument at point B and 1.5 m above the base of the tower, Calculate the: horizontal distance between point A and the top of the tower. height of the tower. i) reduced level of station A, if the height of instrument at A was 1.5 m. [12 marks] Solution: From APO: remorse 2 V228 fant0"30' = 400 = V+ 2.5 = Diant0° 30+ 100tan10'30" ) From ABPC, tantorzo = 4 anter20' = & = V= Danter20" @) = 0.293 D From (1) and (2), 149.53m 43.81m V = 148,857 x tan16° 20' = 43.81 m tween (A) and tower: = (D + 100) = 149,53 + 100 = 249.53 m () Horizontal distance be area)faMADE [=] =[-}" pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EXT SN (i) Heightoftower PE = (V+2.5+ 1.5) = (43.81 +25 41.5) =47.81m (ii) RLof ground statrm A: = RLp- V-2.5-15 = (200 43,81 -2.5-1.5) = 152.19m 0/5107) Q6 (a) Dust, gravel and intact pieces of rock are produced during rock coring with core advance of 2 m. The lengths of the rock pieces are 150 mm, 200 m, 90 mm, 300mm, 60 mm, 250 mm, 120 mm, 170 mm, 80 mm, 210 mm and 75 mm. Calculate RQD and comment on the rock quality based on RQD. [20 marks] Total length of rock pieces greater than 100 mit T= 180 + 200 + 300 + 250 + 120+ 170+ 210 T= 1400mm Total care run length = 2000mm, 1400 2000 RQD = 70% For ROD value between 51 - 75%, rock quality is considered to be fairi.e. moderate weathered, SO, rock quality is fair, 7 0/5110) Qs (b) A 5 m high rigid vertical retaining wall has to retain a dry backfill cohesionless soil with the following properties: Void ratio (2) = 0.74, specific gravity of soil (G) = 2.68, Poisson's ratio of soil (1) The wall needs to be designed for no lateral movement condition of earth pressure. In monsoon, the dry backfill becomes fully submerged with water table at the top of the backfill surface. Estimate the percentage change in the total lateral thrust acting on the wall during monsoon. [12 marks} RQD = x 100 area)FaMADE [=] =[-} pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EYNTa% 067 Tu 1-04 Gry _ 268x981 7 Yee Te aeogy = ISAOKNIMY 1 9, = y2= 15.1 x z{at any depth 2) 2 Bo = kyo, = O87 x 15.1 xz 3 for z= 0, py=0 for z= 5m, pp = 50.585 kNim? ° om P, 50.585 «0.67 x15.1% 5? 1 4, Total earth pressure, Py = hoy H? = = 126.46 kNim area)faMADE [=] =[-}" pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EXT SN (li) When the backfillis submerged: Sm P, 807745 Y @-1 268-1 — (Sa, = 28S! <081- 3 oohy Feo7a *281 = 9.47 kN = xz =9.47x2,u=¥,x2= 9.812 (at any depth 2] Po = KgBy tu = 0.67 x 9.472 + 9.812 atz=0,p,=0 at z= 5m, pp = 80.7745 kNIm® 1 4, Total earth pressure, Py = 580.7745 x5 = 201.9 kNim 201.9 - 126.46 6 inge = AE 5 100 = 59.65% age change aaa er area)MADE St | ESE 2023 Preliminary Exam Online Test Series TOTAL RCN Re orer ae Key Features : Newly designed quality questions: per standard of SE occ evra Enor te comprare shen Comprehensive and detailed analysis report of test performance Inco tet ofPpel (ene tudes KEngheeng Ate) andPapert eh) All india Ranking EBD daatiable on android ios (Desktop & Laptop) AD) streams offered : cE, ME, EE, E&T EonsfaMADE [=] =[-} pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EYNTa% Qs (c) Plate bearing tests were conducted with 30 cm diameter plate on soil subgrade and over 15 cm base course. The pressure yielded at 0.25 cm deflection is 1.25kg/em? and 5 kg/cm? for subgrade and base course respectively. Design the thickness of flexible pavement for a wheel load of 4080 kg with tyre pressure of 4.5 kg/cm?, Take rigidity factor 1.11. EVE, YO FERRET EEA t a oa 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.04 ‘Two layer deflection factor F, 0.03 0.02 0 052 10a 153 20a 3a 4a sa. Thickness of reinforcing layer [20 marks] Plate bearing test conducted on subgrade, 30, a3 p= 1.25kgiom® A= 0.25em pa a= 1108 cr 0.25 = 1,18x*28%18 4 E, = 88.5kgiem? Plate bearing test conducted on 18 om base, h h=180m,a= 150m, > area)FAMADE [=] =[-}" pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Indias Beat Incite for ES, GATE & PL CivilEngineering PRCIOST 4 4g 5x15, 0.25 = 18 og55 0 o ol hae — FOS = 25 2425m Group action: 2, =90A, +a CA, 9 x 40 x [4.25 x 3] + 1x 40 x [2 (8 + 4.25) x 30] = 21990kN Individual action: 1Q,,= n|9CA,+aCA,] = 12) 940% 4 x05? +0.85x 40x2%05x:90] = 20074,77 KN Quy ies @.yc S| Fos pees ayfaMADE [=] =[-}" pe ESE 2022 Main Examination LESS civingineering ESTEE 2980 soon zs Jor } [2222877 soo om Oye = 220918 End of Solution @7 (c) An oedometer test on a 2 cm thick clay sample took 15 minutes time to attain 50% consolidation under a loading with double drainage condition. How many days will it take in the field to achieve the same degree of consolidation for the same clay soil 4 m thick? Consider similar loading and draiange conditions for laboratory and field. [10 marks) Solution: Lab test sample-Thickness, H= 2.cm Double drainage condition, 7,=G—, [472] For 50% consolidation, T, = 0.196 t= 15min 0.196 = ¢, x min 2x10 pam 1.31 x 10° mein Field conditions:Thickness, H= 4m : t sox = Cy x . [H/ 0.196 = 1.31x10 x! [472] t= 416.67 days area)ag FOUNDATION COURSE ——__——__| KEY FEATuRES |} © Classes by experienced & renowned faculties. @ Face to face interaction for doubts. © ‘Systematic subject sequence & timely completion. & Concept practice through workbook solving, © Comprehensive & updated books. © Exam oriented learning ecosystem, @ Efficient teaching with comprehensive coverage. @ Proper notes making & study concentration in cass. © Regular performance assessment through class tests. Regular Batches Commencement Dates © Delhi: » 30" June, 2022:CE + 28" June,2022:ME +28" June, 2022:EE + 28" June,2022:EC +7" July, 20225 © Patna: 21° june, 2022 © Lucknow :25"June, 2022 | @ Hyderabad: 27" June, 2022 | @ Bhopal: 7 June, 2022 © Bhubaneswar: 26° May, 2022 | @ Jaipur: 15° June, 2022 :2"July2022 | @ Pune 2" July, 2022 44-A/1, Kalu Sarai, Near Hauz Khas Metro Station, New Delhi- 110016 CoS en ne Cm Cm ccc) Crete) PAE ESA a7 MADE EASY Eee CS cuineth Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EYNTa% (a) List and briefly discuss the geological factors affecting the construction of high speed rail project. [10 marks] Following geological factors can affect the construction of high speed rail Rock Types Attitude of Rocks Batter and Slope Angle ‘Surface and Groundwater Joints, Shear Zones, Fault and Fault Zone a opens Rock Types: The overall behavior of rack mass will depend on its intrinsic properties such as density, porosity, strength, cohesion a factor of mineral composition and texture of rocks as well as on the presence of joints and shear zones in a rock mass. 2. Attitude of Rocks: Tho strike and dip of layers in rocks such as volcanic flows, bedding, lamination and foliation planes with respect to slope cut and bench plays a very important role. Horizontal rocks will provide moderate to good conditions while vertical rocks will pose problems on cut slope and bench. 3. Batter and Slope Angle: The inclination and height of side slope are also important as they are going to control the space that would be available after cut and fillforlaying the rail 4. Surface and Groundwater: Waters the most important factor in aiding and triggering the landslides. Surface runotf caused bby rainfall result into suclden mass transportation of debris on the slopes. Infitration of water through pores and fractures result in to reduction of frictional resistance along fractures, increased pore pressure and swelling of clays all causing landslides, 5. Joints, Shear Zones, Fault and Fault Zone: Joints the most ubiquitous feature in rock mass will control the overall rock mass characteristics. Lesser the joint sets, farther the joints, closed joint apertures and high degree of asperities will make the rock slope stronger and stable. End of Solution as (a) Two different contractors carried out plate load test at the same site location as per IS code. Details are as follows: Parameters Contractor? | Contractor 2 Size of plate 45 om x4 cm| 75 em x75 em Load 100 KN T75KN Settlement al above load| 10mm. 10mm Estimate the maximum load which a footing of size 3 m x 3 m can carry at the settlement of 10 mm at the same site location. Consider the depths of both tests and that of proposed footing are same. [10 marks] area)faMADE [=] =[-}" pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EXT SN Plate load test: Parameter | Contractor 1| Contractor 2 Area of plate | 0.2025 m? | 0.5625 m? Perimeter of plate | 1.8m gm Unimate toad | 100kN 175 KN ‘As per Housel approach Q,=Am+Pyn Q=Am+ Pn = 400 = 0.2025 m+ 1.8m 1) 175 = 0.5625m+3n (2) On solving (1) and (2), we get m = 37.02 n= 51.388 Now, for footing of size 3 x 3m: Q,=Am+ Pp Q,= (8 x 3) x 37.02 + [4 x 3] x 51.388 949,836 kN Utimate bearing capacity of footing Q _ 949.836 a y= Gb = ARES = 108.537 kNin Maximum load of 949.86 kN can be carried by the footing, Q8 (b) A twenty-storeyed building carries a load of 10 kN/m? at each floor level. A fully compensated (buoyant) raft foundation is proposed for such building at a soft clay soil site with unit weight of clay as 15 kN/m®, Find the depth at which the raft foundation needs to be placed. [10 marks] Load acting on each floor = 10 kN/m? Number offloors = 20 Total load = 20 x 10 = 200 kNIn? Forfloating/ouoyantraft Toll load = x 0, 200 = 15 D, D,= 1333m .. Depth at which raft is place is 13.33 m. ae 3° |FAMADE [=] =[-} pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EYNTa% Q8 (c) (i) What are the different types of resolutions in Remote Sensing? Briefly explain the significance of each resolution in the field of Civil Engineering. ‘Two points A and B were selected 80 m apart from each other for testing permanent adjustment of a dumpy level using two peg test. Following staff readings were observed at both the points while keeping dumpy level at two different locations: ‘Staff Reading (nm) Instrument Location set A a Midway betwen Aands | 1490 1.780 ALP (10m from Aand Tom rom) 1500 1980 Calculate the following: (1) Level difference between point A and point 8. (11) Inclination of line of sight, if any. (Ill) Corrected staff readings at point A and point B when dumpy level was set at P and having no error in its permanent adjustment. [10 marks] Solutior (i)Resolution in Remote Sensing: Resolution is the ability to obtain the finer details of an image. Itcdetermines the details of the surface features that can be distinguished. Four types of resolutions are generally considered-spatial resolution, spectral resolution, temporal resolutions, and radiometric resolution 1.Spatial resolution: This refers to the ability of the remote sensing system to record spatial details. The concept of spatial resolution is different for photographs and digital images. In the case of aerial photographs, spatial resolution is defined as the sharpness of the image. In the case of optical scanning systems, resolution depends upon the focal length of the optical system, the height of the imaging platform, and the size of the sensor element. Resolution is usually expressed in terms of the instant field of view. 2. Spectral resolution: This refers to the wavelengths to which the remote sensing system is sensitive. Aerial photography uses only a narrow band of the spectrum (visible light). The spectral resolution of aerial photographs thus happens to be low. The resolution depends upon the number of wavelength bands as well as on the width of each band. For higher resolutions, a large number of bands of natrower bandwidth are used. 3. Temporal resolution: This refers to the frequency with which images are obtained in terms of time: ‘Temporal resolution is important for predi and crop patterns. 4. Radiometric resolution: This refers to the sensitivity of the system to small changes in the radiation (wavelength). In photography, this referred to as contrast or the number of grey tones in the image. ting environmental changes, vegetation cover, Kalu Sarai, New Dalhi-170 area)A MADE EASY Bezels cine Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EXT SN (i) Assume, indication error = ot (downward) 1.780 When instrument kept midway, Collimation error = 40 tance Corrected statf reading at A= 1.430 + 40tana Corrected staff ready at B = 1.780 + 40tana. 1. Level difference between A and B H= [Corrected staff ready at A-Corrected staff ready at Bi = [1.4304 40tana- (1.780 + 40tana?)| = 0.35 m 2. Inclination of LOS Corrected staff leadingat A= 1.5 + 10tana B= 1.95 + 70tana Level diff. = [Corrected ready at A - Correctedready at Bj 0.35 = [1.95+70 ance - 10tana| 0.35 = 0.45 + 60tana a= - 0° 43.77" Itmeans our assumption was incorrect, inclination error is upward, 3. Corrected staff ready at A=1.5 - 10tana. = 1.5~ 10tan0°5'43,77" = 1.483 m Corrected staff reading at B= 1.95 ~ 70 tana = 1.98 -70 tan(0°S’ 43.77") = 1.833 m area)faMADE [=] =[-} pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering FXG ST 8 (d) The design speed of a highway is 80 km/h. There is a horizontal curve of radius 200 m in a certain locality. What should be the superelevation required to maintain this design speed? If the maximum superelevation of 0.07 is not to be exceeded, what should be the maximum allowable speed on this curve? Also determine the extra widening required and length of transition curve using the following data: Length of wheel base of the largest vehicle = Pavement width = 7.2 m. Number of lanes Rate of introduction of superelevation = 1 in 200. = 0.16. [20 marks] Solution: Design speed, V = 80 kmph Radius of curve, A = 200m Snag = 7% Superelevation required maintain design speed, ve 807 - = 0.1422 °° 226R ~ 225% 200 Provide, e = 7% and check for friction \ (20 max | =| -0.07| = 0.18194 0.15 J* (327x200 Max. allowable speed, ac = (OTR (Cran +4) = 127 200x(0.07+ 0.15) = 74.75 kmph Extrawiding (sen) 2x6. 80 2200 " 9.5200 =0.781m Length of Transition curve. Critera: 1 As per rate of change of centrifugal acceleration, go _ 80 75+V 75+80 0.516 mis* area)FAMADE [=] =[-}" pe ESE 2022 Main Examination Incite Best Intitute for EE, GATE & PELs CivilEngineering EXT SN o.oz18V> CR 0.0215 x 80° = “a516x200 ~ 183m Critera: 2 As per rate of attainment of superelevation, ‘Assume rotation about @ inner edge, Ly = eNw+ W,) = 0.07 x 200 x (7.2 + 0.781) Critera: 3 As per minimum length, IRC method for plain terrain ve 80? Lyx 275 = 27555 = 864m Minimum length of transition curve is maximum of all above criteria i.e, 111.734 m. 734m pees ayFOUNDATION COURSE ——__——_ KEY FEATURES #}—______ © Teaching pedagogy similar to offline classes. © Systematic subject sequence. @ Interaction and doubt chat with subject experts. @ Time bound syllabus completion, @ Concept of problem solving through workbooks. @ User-friendly and intuitive learner interface. © Convenience and flexibility of 24°7 learning. @ Regular assessment through tests & quizzes. @ Comprehensive & updated theory & practice books. New batches commencing from 30" June, 2022 Morning Batches (8:00 AM - 2:00 PM) Evening Batches (2:30 PM - 10:00 PM) ce | att CE, ME, EE,EC,CH | CE, ME, EE, EC, CS, IN (Hinglish) | (Hinglish) (Hinglish) (English) Download fees the App 3 fe ios www.madeeasyprime.com 9021300500