Victoria Junior College

Answers to 2012 JC1 H2 Chemistry Enrichment Paper 2

Chemical Equilibrium, Gases and Atomic Structure

Name: Marks: /20

CT Group: Duration: 30 min

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions [5 marks]

1 Flask X contains 1 dm3 of helium at 2 kPa and Flask Y contains 2 dm3 of neon at
1 kPa pressure. If the flasks are connected at constant temperature, what is the final
pressure?

A 1.33 kPa B 1.5 kPa C 1.67 kPa D 2 kPa

2 Measured values of the pressure, volume and temperature of a known mass of

gaseous compound are to be substituted into the equation

pV = nRT

in order to calculate the relative molecular mass, Mr, of the compound.

Which conditions of pressure and temperature would give the most accurate value of
Mr?

Pressure Temperature
A high high
B high low
C low high
D low low

3 What kind of orbital must an electron with the principal quantum number n = 2
occupy?

A a spherical-shaped orbital
B either an s or p orbital
C the orbital closest to the nucleus
D a dumb-bell-shaped orbital

1
4 The orbitals of a nitrogen atom, may be represented as shown:
1s 2s 2p

Which diagram represents the arrangement of electrons in the ground state of the
atom?

5 The equilibrium
N2(g) + 3H2(g)
2NH3(g)

is established with the gases having the following partial pressures, p (arbitrary units)

Gas p
N2 1
H2 9
NH3 1

What is the numerical value of the equilibrium constant, Kp?

1 1 1
A B C D 9
729 27 9

Section B: Structured Questions [15 marks]

6 (a) State Le Chatelier’s Principle. [1]

Le Chatelier’s Principle states that when a system in equilibrium is subjected

to
an external stress,
the position of the equilibrium will shift in a
direction that tends to reduce that change.
2
 (b) In relation to the following equilibria, use Le Chatelier’s Principle to predict and
explain the effect of

Equilibrium I:
H2O(g) + C(s)
H2(g) + CO(g); ∆H = +131 kJ mol-1

Equilibrium II:
2CrO4-(aq) + 2H+(aq)
Cr2O72-(aq) + H2O(l)

(i) Increasing the pressure on equilibrium I. [1]

Equilibrium shifts to the left.

To produce less no. of moles of gases and relieve the increased pressure.

(ii) Increasing the temperature on equilibrium I. [1]

Equilibrium shifts to the right.

To absorb the excess heat as the forward reaction is endothermic.

(iii) Adding [OH-(aq)] to equilibrium II. [1]

Equilibrium shifts to the left.

OH- will remove the H+, equilibrium will shift to replenish the loss in H+.

7 Nitrogen dioxide, NO2, is a brown gas that is a constituent of smogs caused by cars
in the cities.

(a) In the gaseous state, NO2 can dimerise as follows:

2NO2 (g)
N2O4(g); ∆H = - 58 kJ mol-1
At a temperature of 320 K and a pressure of 1.0 x 105 Pa (1.0 atm), 0.50 g of the
gaseous NO2 / N2O4 mixture takes up a volume of 190 cm3.

Calculate the average Mr of the mixture. [2]

m
PV = RT
M
• M = (0.50 x 8.314 x 320) (1.0 x 105 x 190 x 10-6) = 70.0 g mol-1
• ∴ Mr = 70.0 (no unit)

3
 (b) At another temperature, it is found that the partial pressures of NO2 and N2O4 at
equilibrium are 0.4 atm and 0.6 atm respectively.
Write an expression for Kp and calculate its value. [2]

Kp = pN2O4/ (pNO2)2
• = (0.6)/(0.4)2
• = 3.75 atm-1

8 Upon heating, pthalic acid reacts with ethanol according to the equation as shown
below.
H2C8H4O4(l) + C2H5OH(l)
C10H10O4 (l) + H2O(l)
A mixture with the following composition:

Compound No. of mol

H2C8H4O4(l) 0.400
C2H5OH(l) 0.600
C10H10O4 (l) 0.100
H2O(l) 0.100

was heated in a closed container and the reaction allowed to reach equilibrium. The
graph shows how the number of moles of H2C8H4O4 varies with time.

4
 (a) Write an expression for the equilibrium constant, Kc, for the reaction above. [1]

• Kc = [C10H10O4][H2O] / [H2C8H4O4][C2H5OH]

(b) What is the value of the equilibrium constant Kc for this reaction. Show how you
derive at your answer. [3]

H2C8H4O4(l) + C2H5OH(l)
C10H10O4(l) + H2O(l)

Initial no. of mol 0.400 0.600 0.100 0.100
Change in no. of mol -0.048 -0.048 +0.048 +0.048
• Eqm no. of mol 0.352 0.552 0.148 0.148

Kc = [C10H10O4][H2O] / [H2C8H4O4][C2H5OH]
• = (0.148/V)2/(0.352/V)(0.552/V)
• = 0.113

(c) The reaction was repeated at the same temperature with 0.300 mol of each of
H2C8H4O4 and C2H5OH and 0.200 mol of each of C10H10O4 and H2O. Determine
the concentration of H2C8H4O4 at this equilibrium, in a 1 dm3 container. [3]

H2C8H4O4(l) + C2H5OH(l)
C10H10O4 (l) + H2O(l)

Initial no. of mol 0.300 0.300 0.200 0.200
Change in no. of mol -x -x +x +x
• Eqm no. of mol 0.300 - x 0.300 - x 0.200 + x 0.200 + x

Kc = [C10H10O4][H2O] / [H2C8H4O4][C2H5OH]
• 0.113 = [(0.200 + x)/V]2/[(0.300 - x)/V]2
x = - 0.0744
• [H2C8H4O4] = 0.300 - (- 0.0744) = 0.374 mol dm-3