Electrotechnics

T11- Types of welding machines

and their use

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 Objective:
Identify the types of welding machines and their uses.

1. What is welding, and why it is done?

2. Advantages and disadvantages of welding
3. Type of welding machine
A. Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
B. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) or MIG
machine
C. Flux-core Arc Welding (FCAW) machine
D. Gas Tungsten-Arc Welding (GTAW) or
TIG machine
E. Energy Beam Welding (EBW)

4. Factors to be considered when selecting a welding

machine
5. Conclusions

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 How Does Welding Work? Soldadura (Introducción)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJ5Z6cWWJaE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2PyeDYlj3VY

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 1. What is welding, and why it is done?
The process of welding doesn’t just join the two
pieces together as in brazing and soldering,
instead, it causes the metallic structures of the two
pieces to join together and become one through
the use of extreme heat and sometimes the
addition of other metals or gases

Generally, welding process is distinguished

from lower temperature techniques like
soldering which don’t usually melt the base
metal.

Welding usually also involves the use of something

called a filler material or a consumable. This is
used to provide a "filler" or pool of molten material
that helps facilitate the formation of a strong link
between the base metals.

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 2. Advantages and disadvantages of welding
Advantages Disadvantages

Welding establishes strong,

durable, and permanent joint links.
It is a simple process that results
in a great finish.
The technique, when used with
filler material, produces a stronger
weld than the base material.
It can be performed at any place
It is an economical and affordable
process
It is used in various sectors like
construction, automobile, and
many more industries
• It is hazardous when
performed under the safety
and security guidelines
• It is a difficult task to
dismantle the joined material
through welding.
• Requires skilled labor and
electric supply.

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 3. Type of welding machine
Shielded
Metal Arc
Welding
(SMAW)

Energy Beam Gas Metal

Welding Arc Welding
(EBW) (GMAW)

Gas Tungsten- Flux-core Arc

Arc Welding Welding
(GTAW) (FCAW)

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 A. Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
It is an electric arc welding process that joins
metals together using a consumable electrode.
This is commonly known as stick welding and it
remains to be one of the most commonly used
welding techniques today.

Stick welding is a very versatile welding process,

as we can use it in almost any industry,
environment, position and metal. Since this
machine doesn’t use an added gas shield, there
is no tank to carry around. The rods are covered
in flux which provide protection for contaminants

Shield metal arc welders are considered budget

friendly and affordable. The cost can depend on
what features are included in the machine.
Although is a flexible option for both beginner
and advance welders, most expert don’t advice
using it with thin materials.

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 B. Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) or MIG
machine
These types of welding
machines are manufactured
using the maximum quality of
precision and hard ground
parts. Most welders prefer
this welding machine to fix
objects or mount them on a
suitable surface. These The machine can provide high
machines are great for gripping strength and is widely
welding solid core and flux demanded due to its
materials. dimensional accuracy,
durability, and toughness.
Thyristor MIG welding
machines produce a small
amount of spark, making them
easy to control. They can
easily weld metals like mild
steel, low carbon steel, alloy
steel, etc.

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 C. Flux-core Arc Welding (FCAW)
machine
In this machine, the weld uses the
heat generated by an electric arc to
Electric Arc fuse the base metal at the joint area.
FCAW machines are preferred for
working in indoor and outdoor
environments.

These types of welding machines

have less electrode waste and are
In extremely known to produce some fumes
hot during operation. Some FCAW
temperatures welders can operate at extremely
hot temperatures, approaching 1000
amps.

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 C.1. Which Metals Can Be Welded with FCAW?

Flux cored arc welding works well with most carbon, steels, cast
iron, stainless steel and hard facing / surfacing alloys. However,
nonferrous exotic metals, such as aluminum, cannot be welded
using this welding technique.

Carbon Steels Aluminum

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 C.2. What is FCAW used for?

It is a flexible welding process

suitable for all position welding,
given the correct filler material
and flux composition. Being
highly productive because of
the high deposition rates.
The high welding speed and
portability of this welding method
means that it is widely used in
construction. This is further
supported by the fact that the
process can be performed
outdoors, even in windy
conditions.

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 D. Gas Tungsten-Arc Welding (GTAW) or
TIG machine
TIG, or tungsten inert gas, uses a non-
consumable tungsten electrode to create
an arc and join metal.

It requires the use of shielding gas,

most commonly pure argon or argon
mixed with helium.

The absence of physical contact between

the electrode and the metal pieces and
that the electrode is not consumed in the
process. 

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 D.1. How Does TIG Welding Work?
TIG welding works by
melting the base metal with
an electrical arc formed
between the tungsten
electrode and the grounded
metal.

Tungsten metal melts at far

higher temperatures than
metals like steel and
aluminum. So, the tungsten
electrode easily tolerates
the high heat as it directs
the electrical arc into the
weld puddle

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 D.2. Filler metal

The TIG welding process can join

metals with or without filler metal.
The welding arc originating from the
tungsten electrode melts the two
base metals and fuses them.

You must add the filler metal by

rubbing a filler wire into the weld
pool with one hand while controlling
the TIG torch with the other.

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 E. Energy Beam Welding (EBW)

Electron beam
welding is
performed in a
This high-speed vacuum
stream of electrons environment as the
is tightly focused presence of gas can
Electron beam (EB) using magnetic cause the beam to
welding is a fusion fields and applied to scatter.
welding process in the materials to be
which electrons are joined.
generated by an
electron gun and
accelerated to high
speeds using
electrical fields.

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 E.1. What are the advantages of EBW?

The electron beam welding process is a very

precise technique and is also highly
repeatable due to the automation required.
This welding technology also creates strong
and pure joins that can be used across a
number of high-end applications for a
wide range of industries.
The EB process provides a small heat
affected zone due to the high depth-to-width
ratio, which minimizes distortion and
material shrinkage while allowing welds to
be performed in close proximity to heat
sensitive components.

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 4. Factors to be considered when selecting a
Welding Machine
Choosing regular or
complex welding
machine

Types of metal and Weld-quality

welders requirement

Choosing the right Thickness of metal

power source

Consider welding
conditions

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 A. Regular or complex welding machine,
Weld-Quality Requirement, & Thickness of
Metal
Regular/complex welding machine
Weld-Quality requirements
The choice of a welding
machine depends on the Thickness of metal
skill level of a beginner If you are looking for
or a trained welder. high-quality welding
results, a TIG welder is a Typically, you must use a
Beginners can select a
good option. stick welding machine for
basic welding machine
thicker metals. Whereas
such as a MIG welder. Also, consider using a for thin metals MIG or
For a trained worker: TIG stick welder or flux-core TIG welding machine is
welding machine if you required.
are welding rusty or dirty
metals and want to get
stronger welds.

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 B. Consider welding conditions, right power
source, types of metal and welders

Welding conditions Right power source Types of metal & welders

The welder must
always take care to
check where the
welding point is.
Generally, a stick or
flux-cored welder is
ideal for rough outdoor
conditions like wind, etc.
DC output is generally MIG welding
considered to be a machines are
good option for commonly used for
welding steel and welding stainless steel,
stainless-steel metals. steel, and aluminum
Aluminum and alloys. Stick welding
magnesium-type machines work well
metals require AC with stainless steel,
output THAT is a good steel, and cast iron.
choice except cast iron.

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 5. Conclusions
❑ Welding is a process of joining two metals. To do
this, the welder must use a welding machine
appropriately to achieve welding requirements.
❑ Welding differs from low-temperature methods
such as brazing and soldering, which do not melt
the base metal.
❑ Filler metal is typically added to the joint to form a
pool of molten metal that cools to create a joint.
❑ There are some MIG welding machines that can
operate as an FCAW.
❑ TIG machines can act as stick welding machines.
But the operator needs to buy additional
accessories or change the welder’s setting

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 NEW WORDST11- Types of welding machines and their use

NEW WORDS T11- GROUPS

SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING (SMAW) GROUP 01
GAS METAL ARC WELDING (GMAW)

ENERGY BEAM WELDING (EBW) GROUP 02

FLUX-CORED ARC WELDING (FCAW) GROUP 03

GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING (GTAW) GROUP 04

PLASMA TRANSFERRED ARC WELDING (PTAW)

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 TEST T11- Types of welding machines and their use

1. It is the method of joining metals together: The ___. 3. ______: Welder uses flux covered electrode rods in
varying sizes.
a. Robotics a. Electrode of zing
b. Electricity b. Shielded Metal Arc Welding
c. Welding c. Electrode wooden
d. Grinding d. Energy Beam Welding

4. ______ requires you to hold the welding

2. Gas metal arc welding or GMAW, in this
torch with one hand while feeding the filler
welding process if the gas used for shielding is
with the other
an inert gas. It is called ________.
a. MIG a. Welding machine
b. MIK b. Powered flux
c. Fusion welding c. Plumping
d. WGAT d. TIG welding

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