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Eng Pdffile 17 To 20
Eng Pdffile 17 To 20
among the best school of Houston. u'ith first--sraders piacing at the 82"d percentile level in reacling test which
is 50 points higher than the expected ler-el for similar at-risk schools.
What has made Wesley' so successful? The answer is classical education in the form of Direct
Instruction curriculum design by Siegfried Engelmana, an example of the much ridicuted ..Sage-on-the-
stag" approach. The Direct Instruction system boosts reading, writing, and math scores by 30 to 40
percentile points in at-risk schools. Sadly, Engelmann like others who successful challenge popular fads in
educational reform, has been rejected by much of educational establishment. His success is in
embarrassment to them.
17 | www.wangsiteducation.com
BTIHR'R INGGRI'
higher risk ofhaving a
child with autism than mother 25 to 29, arrd a77 percent higher risk than mothers under 25'
Autism-a developmental disorder characteized by impaired social interaction and
now
communication-appears to be on the rise. The U.S. -centers for Disease Control and Prevention
in autistic spectrum disorders-.a group of
estimates that as many as one in 110 children the U.S. has an
disorder' The
developmental disorders including autism, Asperger's syndrome and pervasive developmental
in
prevalence of autistic spectrum dilorders in Cirtifomia ln 200[ was 12 times that from 1987, representing
ur".ug" annual growti of 13 percent, according to a report from the Califomla Department of
Devei"opmental SJrvices. Only a iraction of these &ffu can be explained by changes to diagnostic
"ut"t
criteria and earlier diagnoses.
increase in
Matemal age ii also increasing in the U.S.A. Califomia-based study reported a three-fold
to woman ug", Z0 to 44 between 1982 and 2004. But this trend toward delayed child
the number of births
bearing accounted for less than 5 percent of the total increase in autism diagnose
in Califomia over the
a doctoral student in University of
decadJ According to the study-a finding that surprised Janie Shelton,
Califomia Davis's Departrnent of Public Health Sciences and the study's lead author. "I would have
are having kids later, "she
expected to see more of a contribution, because age is a risk factor and woman
that both maternal and patemal ages are independen-tly associated with
says. Earlier work had suggested
cuneniitudy found that paternal ages is only a risk factor when the mother is under 30'
autism risk. But the
- (SNMPTN 2010/
64) 3461 44)
Vfni"f, of the following best describes the author's purposes in this study?
A. To reveal that the case of autism among children is prevalent
B. To analyse how delayed pregnancy brings about autism
C. To make the readers aware of the consequence of delayed pregnancy
D. To refute a common misconception about the cause of autism
E. To demonstrate that autism is associated with delayed pregnancy
The most common causes of tsunamis are underwater earthquakes. To understand underwater
earthquakes, you must first understand plate tectonics. The teory of plate tectonics suggests that the
lithosphere, or top layer of the earth, is made up of a series of huge plates. Tese plates make up the
continents and seafloor. They rest on an underlying viscous called the asthenosphere.
Think of a pie cut into eight slices. The pie crust would be the lithosphere and the hot, sticky pir
filling underneath would be the asthenosphere. On the eafth, these plates are constantly in motion, moving
along each other at a speed of I to 2 inches (2.5-5 cm) per year. The movement occurs most dramatically
along fault lines (where the pie is cut). These motions are capable of producing earthquakes and volcanism.
which when they occur at the bottom of the ocean, are two possible sources of tsunamis.
When two plates come into contact at a region known as a plate boundary, heavier plate can slip
under a lighter one. This is called subduction. Underwater subduction often leaves enonnous "handprints" in
the form of deep ocean trenches along the seafloor. In some cases of subduction, part of the seafloor
connected to the lighter plate may "snap up" suddenly due to pressure from the sinking plate. This result in
an earthquake. The focus of the earthquake is the point within the Earth where the rupture first occurs, rocks
break and the first seismic waves are generated. The epicenter is the point on the seafloor directly above the
focus.
When this piece of the plate snaps up and sends tons of rock shooting upward with tremendous force,
the energy of that force is transferred to the water. The energy pushes the water upward above normal sea
level. This is the birth of a tsunami. The earthquake that generated the December 26,2004 tsunami in the
Indian ocean was a 9.0 on the Richter scale - one of the biggest in recorded history.
E. Floods
ldentifying ingredients in old paintings can help curators decide how best to maintain, display and
restore them. The l7th --century Dutch artist, Rembrandt, was found to use wheat, according to a new
advanced analysis of two of his works. It is the first study to identify wheat starch in any of Rembrandt's
work, even though scientists have performed numerous analyses on more than 150 of his.
In Rembrandt's time artist mixed their own pains which they then spread onto canvas in layers.
Often, individual layers of the same piece of art contained different binding agents, pigments, vamishes and
other ingredients. Besides color, each layer was mixed to just the right level of thickness, glossiness, texture,
evenness on the surface drying time and more.
Homever, paint layers are tough to analyze because they are spread so incredibly thin. The thinnest ones rise
just a thousandth of a millimeter above the layer below them. Using a variety of chemical and physical
analyical methods, along with old written records, scientists have been able to identify pigments and other
inorganic materials in many ancient paintings.
For the new study, the scientists used some of the most high-tech equipment around to look at the
"Portrait of Nicolaes van Barnbeeck" which Rembrandt van Rijn painted in 1641. First they took a crilss-
section from a miniscule section of the painting. Then they used a variety of methods to probe the layers,
including a technique called Time of Fly - Secondary Ion Mass spectrometry QoF-SIMS). This technique
involves sending a focused, high-energy beam of ions at the layered sample, then observing the ions that
bounce back. By analyzing the energy and chemical nature ofthe ejected ions, scientist can deduce detailed
information about the types of elements and chemical bonds held within.
For the second graysh layer of paint on the "Portrait of Nicolaes van Bambeeck" the scan showed,
Rembrandt mixed oil and a small amount of lead with wheat flour. It's not clear yet whether Rembrandt used
wheat earlier or continued to use the ingredient after painting the '?ortrait of Nicolaes van Bambeeck," who
rvas a rich wool merchant. But the researchers also found wheat the "Portrait of Agatha Bas," the merchant's
wife.