Concept of

Evaluation
TEACHING APTITUDE

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Concept of Evaluation
The term ‘Evaluation’ is related to the teaching-learning process in education. The American educator Ralph
Tyler first introduced the term ‘Evaluation’ in the early 1930s. Ralph Tyler also known as ‘Father of Evaluation’
for his contribution in the field of assessment and evaluation in education.

Meaning of Evaluation
Evaluation is nothing but a method which is used to find out the value of something. Evaluation is also referred
to as a part of the decision making process. Evaluation is a comprehensive and continuous process and efforts
to measure how much quantitative and qualitative objectives are implemented and achieved.

In education, evaluation is used to measure a student's development and achievements. It also measures the
effectiveness of the learning process and curriculum. The evaluation process is a complex process and should
have consistency and versatility. Evaluation is not only given importance to past and present behavioural
aspects of a student, but also given importance on future behavioural aspects of a student.

The major characteristics of evaluation are follow:

I. Evaluation is a continuous and systematic process.

II. It involves value judgments.

III. It is a comprehensive process which includes test, measure and assessment.

IV. It measures the learning effectiveness.

V. Evaluation is concerned about the whole and compact personality of the students.

Types of Evaluation
There are three major types of evaluation are found:

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Summative Evaluation Formative Evaluation Diagnostic Evaluation

Formative Evaluation is taken along or Diagnostic Evaluation is closely related

Summative evaluation is generally during the course or teaching to formative evaluation. It is taken
taken at the end of the course or programme. It is better to say that along the formative evaluation.
programme of teaching. formative evaluation is inbuilt to the Sometimes diagnostic evaluation is
course. taken prior to the course.

Summative evaluation is formal. Formative evaluation is informal. Diagnostic Evaluation is also informal.

Formative evaluation is mainly taken

Summative Evaluation is taken to find for getting feedback on student
out a student's achievement and progress and to understand the Diagnostic evaluation is taken to find
success as well as to promote, to give student’s learning improvement. out the weakness point of a student.
rank or to provide certificate. It is also taken to find out teaching
efficiency.
Annual Examination in school, public Informal class tests, assignments, and Vision test, Hearing test at starting
examinations are examples of different classroom activities are point of the course are examples of
Summative evaluation. examples of Formative Evaluation. Diagnostic evaluation.

Significances of Evaluation
Evaluation is a significant process in education. The major significances of evaluation are as follow:

I. It is known from the evaluation of how much a student gains knowledge effectively from the learning
process.

II. The evaluation process significantly identifies the degree of effectiveness of teaching-learning plan and
curriculum.

III. Evaluation detects learner difficulties and helps to solve and take proper remedies.

IV. Evaluation keeps a significant role for positive changes in education.

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Elements of Evaluation
Evaluation is processed through a plan which has eight elements. The eight elements are discussed following:

It includes the objectives behind the evaluation which determine the time requirement for the total
Purpose
evaluation process.

Audience It includes the kind of information which I want to get from evaluation.

It includes the selection procedure of data collection tools and data analysis type which are
Issues
performed in the evaluation process.

The resources mean the kind of tools which will conduct the evaluation process. The tools can be
Resources human resources as well as non-human resources.

Human resources are students or teachers. Non-human resources are questionnaires and rating
scales.

Evidence It includes the evidence type which needs to answer the questions in the evidence process.

Data collection
It means the way of collecting data. The data collection tools can be qualitative or quantitative.
tools

Frequency distribution charts, graphs, histograms as well as descriptive analysis are used to analyse
Analysis
the evaluation result.

Reporting It includes reporting the result of the complete analysis to the audience.

Functions of Evaluation
The main function of evaluation is to identify the learning progress of students. Beside this evaluation process
have other various important functions which are discussed in following:

Assessing the
needs of Evaluation can identify the needs of a student. According to the needs, instructors can provide the
students or knowledge and skill.
learners

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Preparing
An effective and continuous evaluation process helps to prepare fruitful materials for a particular
materials for a
course.
course

Providing
Through the evaluation, teachers get informed about the learning difficulties of a student. Beside this,
feedback to
evaluation helps students towards their improvement.
students

Find out student’s

A systematic evaluation finds out the total progress of a student and then the teacher can provide the
progress and
evaluation report to their parents to inform them about learning progress and difficulties of students.
report to parents

Student’s
An effective evaluation process identifies student’s abilities and interests which helps instructors to provide
counselling and
proper guidance and counselling to students.
guidance

Effective research on school programs is important to find out the effectiveness of organisational plan and
School research
curriculum design. The evaluation data can help in this effective research.

Through the evaluation data, a school administrator can identify strengths and weak points of the curriculum.
Effective school
According to that, they can arrange special programs in school. It also helps in the decision making process
administration
regarding admission and other development.

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