MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY REVIEWER

 SOCIETAL ISSUES IN MEDIA AND INFORMATION

 PLAGIARISM
 CYBERBULLYING
 COMPUTER ADDICTION
 SOCIETAL ISSUES IN INTERNET
1. PLAGIARISM – an act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and
thoughts of another author without authorization; the representation of that author’s work
as one’s own, as by not crediting the original author.

 Consequences of plagiarism
If you as a student are unsure of the consequences of plagiarism or rather doubt them, you
should consider the following:
1. Plagiarism can get you expelled from your course, college and/or university.
2. Plagiarism can result in your work being destroyed.
3. Plagiarism can result in expulsion from your academic institution, in some cases permanent
expulsion.
4. Plagiarism can result in legal action; fines and penalties etc.
Most cases of plagiarism are considered misdemeanors, punishable by fines of anywhere
between 100,000 and 50,000 – and up to one year in jail. Plagiarism can also be felony under
certain state and federal laws.
2. CYBER BULLYING – Bullying that takes place online or using electronic technology
such as cell phones, computers, and tablets over communication tools including social media
sites, text messages, chat, and websites.
 House BILL 5718 – An act defining and penalizing the crime of cyberbullying.
House Bill 5718, or the proposed “Anti Cyber-Bullying Act of 2015, Cyber bullies shall face a
penalty of fines ranging from P50,000 to P100,000 or imprisonment between six months and six
years, or both, at the discretion of the court.
EXAMPLES OF CYBERBULLYING
 Text messages or emails composed to insult or demean
 Rumors or false statements spread by email or posted on social networking sites
 And humiliating photos, videos, websites, or fake profiles deliberately shared across
social media.
 3. COMPUTER ADDICTION – The excessive use of computers to the extent that it
interferes with daily life. This excessive use may for example interfere with work or sleep,
result in problems with social interaction, or affect mood, relationships, and thought
processes.
 Consequences of Computer-Addiction
 The short-term effects of an online addiction include unfinished tasks, forgotten
responsibilities and weight gain. Long-term effects are seen more in the physical
symptoms such as backache, neck pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and vison problems
from staring at the screen.

Text media and information

What is a text?
TEXT – A simple and flexible format of presenting information or conveying ideas whether
hand-written, printed or displayed on-screen.
Text is very powerful as well in disseminating information, providing direction and giving
suggestions.
TWO TYPES OF TEXT-BASED
1. FORMAL TEXT-BASED
2. INFORMAL TEXT-BASED
 Formal Text-Based – materials are created and distributed by established institutions
(such as publishing companies, news agencies, etc.) and go through a rigorous process of
editing or evaluation and are usually governed by censorship of the state.
EXAMPLES: News articles, magazines, published books, newspapers, research works
 Informal Text-Based – come from personal opinions or views on different issues,
processes, etc.
EXAMPLES: Blog, online messengers, personal e-mails, social media platforms, text-
messages

Text as visual
 In the absence of images or drawings, text is the easiest way of communicating to
your audience. The use of various font types can express different emotions or
meaning.
TYPEFACE – Also called font, font type, or type
- Refers to the representation or style of a text in the digital format
- Usually comprised of alphabets, numbers, punctuation marks, symbol
and other special characters.
DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS
 The principles in designing text elements are Emphasis, Appropriateness, Proximity,
Alignment, Organization, Repetition, and Contrast.

EMPHASIS – Refers to the importance or value given to a part of the text-based content.
When trying to make a point or highlighting a message, you can make the text bold, italicized,
have a heavier weight, darkened or lightened (depending on your background color) or
enlarged.
APPROPRIATENESS – How fitting or suitable the text is used for a specific audience
purpose or event.
PROXIMITY – Refers to how near or how far are the text elements from each other.
When two things are closely related, we bring them close together.
ALIGHNMENT – Refers to how the text is positioned in the page. This can be left, right,
center or justified.
ORGANIZATION – refers to a conscious effort to organize the different text elements in
a page. Organization ensures that while some text elements are separated from each other
(based on the principle of proximity), they are still somehow connected with the rest of the
elements in the page.
REPETITION – concerns consistency of elements and the unity of the entire design.
Repetition encourages the use of repeating some typefaces within the page.
CONTRAST – creates visual interest to text elements. Contrast is achieved when two
elements are different from each other. When you place a white text on a very light yellow
background, contrast is not achieved and the text will be difficult to read, but when you put a
white text on a dark brown background, contrast is created.