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Chemistry SK025 Pre-Lab Module
Chemistry SK025 Pre-Lab Module
Pre-Lab Module
EXPERIMENT 1
RATE OF REACTION
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to study the effect of concentration,
temperature and catalyst on the reaction rate.
Direction: Read over the lab manual and then answer the following question.
Introduction:
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SK025
Pre-Lab Module
Procedure
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Pre-Lab Module
1. Calculate the concentration of sodium thiosulphate (refer to Table 1.1 in lab manual)
1
(s−1)
𝑡
1
a. Using the above data, plot a graph of 𝑡 against temperature.
b. Predict the relationship between reaction rate and temperature.
3. One sunny afternoon, Aunty Mariam went grocery shopping at AEON. She left the
groceries in the car and continues to shop for hours. When she reached home, she
found that the milk that she bought had gone sour. Why do we need to keep the milk
in refrigerator to maintain its freshness?
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EXPERIMENT 2
DETERMINING THE HEAT OF REACTION
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to study the effect of concentration,
temperature and catalyst on the reaction rate.
Direction: Read over the lab manual and then answer the following question.
Introduction
1. What is thermochemistry?
4. The specific heat capacity, c of copper metal is 0.385 J g-1C-1 while the heat capacity,
C of a calorimeter is 20.0 JC-1. Explain.
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Procedure :
1. Why must the same calorimeter be used for both parts of experiment?
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Pre-Lab Module
Calculate;
2. Given the following data, calculate the heat gained by the solution, the heat gained by the
calorimeter and heat of reaction:
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Pre-Lab Module
EXPERIMENT 3
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
i. Explain how electrochemical cell is constructed.
ii. Arrange the metals in an electrochemical series.
iii. State the differences between Ered and Ecell.
iv. State the differences between Ecell and Ecell
v. Determine the factors affecting the quantity of product during electrolysis.
vi. Suggest precaution steps to improve the accuracy of the data.
Student-Learning Time:
Face-to-face Non face-to-face
1 hour 1 hour
Direction: Read over the lab manual and then answer the following question.
Introduction
1. What is the main difference between galvanic cell and electrolytic cell?
2. The Standard Reduction / Electrode Potential (SRP) series shows the reduction potential
of various half-cell reactions and the corresponding E reduction values listed in the order
of the most positive to the most negative values;
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b) Draw a diagram to show the experimental set-up to obtain the Ered values.
3. What is the difference between standard electrode potential, Ered and standard cell
potential, Ecell?
4. In this experiment, we will be constructing four galvanic cells using various half cells
with Cu2+/Cu half cells and measure the cell potential of these cells.
Ecell E0cell
The potential difference between the two The The potential difference between the
half-cells measured under non-standard two half-cells at standard condition
conditions (P= 1 atm; T=25oC; concentration of the
solution used=1.0M).
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Procedure
2. Explain how to determine anode and cathode from the set-up of the electrolytic cell.
3. What are the precautions that need to be taken in carrying out this experiment?
Part A
Part B
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1. The table below shows the standard reduction potentials of several half cells.
Arrange the species in order of increasing strength of reducing agent. Explain your
answer.
2. State the factors that affect the quantity of product formed in electrolytic cell and explain
the law/principle applied.
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Pre-Lab Module
EXPERIMENT 4
REACTION OF ALIPHATIC AND AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
i. study the chemical properties of an alkane, alkene and arene
ii. differentiate an alkane from an alkene and arene.
Introduction
1. What is hydrocarbon?
hydrocarbon is organic compound that contain only carbon and hydrogen.
4. State the type of reaction for bromination of alkane, alkene and arene.
alkane - free radical substitution
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Procedure
If bromine is spilled on the skin, flood the area with water for 10 minutes.
2. Why must certain test tubes be fully covered with black sugar paper?
Even a small exposure to light will initiate the formation of free radicals.
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2. State the type of reaction for 1(i) and 1(ii). i) free radical substitution
ii)electrophilic addition
3. State the function of sunlight . -to provide energy for homolytic cleavage of halogens
1. Write the chemical equation for the oxidation of the following compound with hot
acidified KMnO4.
i. cyclopentene
ii. methylbenzene
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EXPERIMENT 5
REACTION OF HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
i. identify classes of alcohols
ii. study the chemical properties of alcohols and phenol.
Introduction
1-pentanol
2-pentanol
2-methyl-2-butanol
Lucas Test
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3. State the expected observation for the reaction of alcohol of each following class with
Lucas reagent in Table 2.
Table 2
Class of Alcohol Observation
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Oxidation:
1. State the expected observation for the reaction of alcohol of each following class with
hot, acidified sodium dichromate in Table 3.
Table 3
Class of Alcohol Observation
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Procedure
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HCl(conc), ZnCl2
Cyclohexanol
Na2Cr2O7, H+
Δ
2. The reaction of alcohol A with Lucas reagent gives cloudy solution immediately. Alcohol
B turns the orange colour of hot acidified K2Cr2O7 to green. The reaction of alcohol B
with Lucas reagent gives cloudy solution within 10 minutes. Alcohol C turns the colour
of hot acidified K2Cr2O7 from orange to green while no cloudiness is observed with Lucas
reagent after 10 minutes. State the class of alcohol A, B and C. Give the example for each
class of alcohol.
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EXPERIMENT 6
ALDEHYDES AND KETONES
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
i. name the functional group of aldehyde and ketone
ii. draw the structural formula of aldehyde and ketone
iii. list the suitable test and its used
iv. differentiate aldehyde and ketone.
Introduction
Aldehyde Ketone
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Benzaldehyde
Propanone
Table 2
Identification Test Reagent and condition Detect
Brady’s
Fehling
Tollen’s
Schift’s
Iodoform
7. State the expected observation for the reaction of carbonyl compound in Table 3.
Table 3
Observation
Test
Ethanal Benzaldehyde Propanone
Brady’s
Fehling
Tollen’s
Schift’s
Iodoform
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Procedure
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Question 1
A, B and C are isomers with a molecular formula C4H8O. When a compound A, B and C
react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhidrazine, a yellow precipitate is formed. Compound B and C
give positive result with silver nitrate in aqueous ammonia. Deduce the structures of A, B and
C.
Question 2
When compound Z with a molecular formula of C6H12 reacts with ozone followed by
treatment with zinc in dimethyl sulfide (CH3)2S, compound D and E formed. A yellow
precipitate formed when D and E reacted with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Upon treatment
with Fehling’s reagent, only E gives brick-red precipitate. When both D and E undergo
iodoform test, only D gives a pale yellow precipitate, which on acidification yielded ethanoic
acid. Deduce the structures of Z, D and E. Write the complete equations for all the reactions
involved.
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