CES1213 TESL METHODOLOGY

WORKSHEET 1: Learning Theories

NAME: SAKTHI A/P SURESH MATRIC NO: 4231002431

1. Tick in the box next to the statement that reflects your belief of language learning
principle.
I believe we all learn a new language in the same way, irrespective of our first
language.
I believe there are differences in the way we learn a new language depending on 
our first language
Why?

Answer : Different languages reflect unique cultural perspectives, norms, and ways of
communication. Understanding and adapting to these cultural nuances is an essential part of
language learning. Individuals from different language backgrounds may have different
cultural frameworks and communication styles, which can impact their language learning
process.

2. Move the relevant keywords under each approach.

Habit scaffold modeling modify
gradual Comprehensible input reinforcement imitation

The Natural Approach The Audiolingual Approach

 Comprehensible input  Imitation

 Gradual  Modeling
 Scaffold  Reinforcement
 Modify  Habit

3. List a minimum of 4 keywords for each theory below.

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 The Cognitive Learning Theory The Humanistic Learning Theory

1. Information processing - Learning 1. Self-Actualization: Refers to the

involves processing information in innate drive of individuals to fulfill
the mind, acquiring, organizing, their highest potential and become
storing, retrieving, and the best version of themselves.
understanding new knowledge.
2. Student-Centered - Student-centered
2. Schema - Refers to mental approaches aim to empower learners
frameworks or structures that and recognize their unique
individuals develop to organize perspectives, needs, and aspirations.
and interpret information.
3. Holistic Development - Refers to the
belief that education should address
3. Metacognition - Refers to the the intellectual, emotional, social, and
awareness and understanding of physical aspects of learners.
one's own cognitive processes.
4. Positive Learning Environment - . It
4. Cognitive lead - Refers to the involves fostering a climate of trust,
amount of mental effort or respect, and acceptance where
resources required to process learners feel valued, supported, and
information free to explore their interests and
passions.

4. List a minimum of 3 ESL teaching/activity examples for each theory below

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 The Cognitive Learning Theory
1. Graphic Organizers – (maps, Venn
diagrams, or mind maps)
2. Problem-Solving Tasks – (present a
real-life scenario, such as planning a
trip or solving a social issue, and have
students work in groups to
brainstorm solutions, discuss pros and
cons, and make decisions)
3. Reflective Journals – (ask students to
write about a time when they faced a
language barrier and how they
overcame it or to reflect on their
progress in a specific language skill)
5. List 2 criticism towards the social constructivist approach and offer a solution to the
counter the problems.
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The Humanistic Learning Theory
1. Personalized Goal Setting – (having
individual or group discussions where
students reflect on their language
needs, interests, and aspirations)
2. Project-Based Learning – (have
students collaborate on creating a
digital presentation or video on a
chosen topic, conducting interviews,
or producing a written report)
3. Role-Playing and Drama – (Assign
students different roles or characters,
and have them engage in role-play
scenarios or act out dialogues that
simulate real-life situations)
Criticisms:

 Insufficient Focus on Individual Knowledge Construction

 Potential for Knowledge Relativism

Solutions:

 Differentiated instruction allows educators to provide individualized support and

challenges based on students' abilities, interests, and learning preferences.
 Emphasize the importance of both social interaction and individual reflection. Provide
opportunities for collaborative learning and discussion to promote diverse
perspectives and the construction of shared meaning