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ELECTRIC MOTOR
CONTROL MANUAL

Laboratory Activity No.1

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

PREFACE

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Upon selecting the proper motor, understanding the many various control devices available
and their uses, limitations and connections, becomes an essential part related to reliable
operation and protection of the motor and the personnel using it.

Every electric motor has to have some sort of controller. The motor controller will have
different features and complexity depending on the task that the motor will be performing. A
motor controller is a device or group of devices that serves to govern in some
predetermined manner the performance of an electric motor. A motor controller might
include a manual or automatic means for starting and stopping the motor, selecting forward
or reverse rotation, selecting and regulating the speed, regulating or limiting the torque, and
protecting against overloads and faults.

This manual introduces the students to the basics of motor control, explains its importance,
applications and components and identifies various ways in which motor control can be
accomplished.

Upon completion of this manual, the student should be able to:

o Explain the role of motor control in an electrical system.

o Identify various components of a motor control system.
o Explain the difference between the various classifications and types of motor control
wiring.
o Draw motor control ladder diagrams.
o Connect various motor control circuits.
o Test and troubleshoot motor control components and circuits.
o Apply safety precautions while connecting motor control circuits.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LABORATORY ACTIVITY PAGE NO.

ELECTRICAL SAFETY 4

INTRODUCTION TO MOTOR CONTROL 7

MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM SYMBOLS 11

MOTOR CONTROL CIRCUIT 17

MOTOR CONTROL COMPONENTS FAMILIARIZATION AND TESTING 22

ACROSS THE LINE MAGNETIC MOTOR STARTER (Non- Reversing) 28

TWO STATION MOTOR CONTROL (Non- Reversing) 32

FULL VOLTAGE NON-REVERSING MOTOR CONTROL WITH JOG 36

FORWARD – REVERSE MOTOR CONTROL 41

(No Immediate Reversal)

FORWARD – REVERSE MOTOR CONTROL 47

(Immediate Reversal)

SEQUENTIAL MOTOR CONTROL 53

(Manual: Using Pushbutton)

SEQUENTIAL MOTOR CONTROL 56

(Automatic using Timer)

REDUCED VOLTAGE STARTER CIRCUITS 60

REDUCED VOLTAGE STARTER 62

(Wye-Delta Starter)

APPLICATION OF FORWARD-REVERSE MOTOR CONTROL 65

MOTOR CONTROL ACTIVITIES 67

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Name: Course, Yr. & Sec. Subject:

Group No. Time: Days: Rm: Date:
Professor/Instructor: Rating:

Laboratory Activity No. 1

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

I. Objectives:
At the end of the activity, students should be able to:

1. Be aware of the hazards of electricity to the human body.

2. Observe electrical precautions and guidelines to ensure safety.
3. Appreciate the importance of practicing safety in various conditions and situations.

II. Technical Information:

Physiological Effects of Electricity

 Threshold of perception: The minimal current that an individual can detect. For AC (with wet
hands) can be as small as 0.5 mA at 60 Hz. For DC, 2 ~10 mA

 Let-go current: The maximal current at which the subject can voluntarily withdraw. 6 ~ 100
mA, at which involuntary muscle contractions, reflex withdrawals, secondary physical effects
(falling, hitting head) may also occur.

 Respiratory Paralysis / Pain / Fatigue At as low as 20 mA, involuntary contractions of

respiratory muscles can cause asphyxiation / respiratory arrest, if the current is not
interrupted. Strong involuntary contraction of other muscles can cause pain and fatigue

 Ventricular fibrillation 75 ~ 400 mA can cause heart muscles to contract uncontrollably,

altering the normal propagation of the electrical activity of the heart. Heart rate can raise up
to 300 bpm, rapid, disorganized and too high to pump any meaningful amount of blood
ventricular fibrillation. Normal rhythm can only return using a defibrillator

 Sustained myocardial contraction / Burns and physical injury At 1 ~6 A, the entire heart
muscle contracts and heart stops beating. This will not cause irreversible tissue damage;
however, as normal rhythm will return once the current is removed. At or after 10A, however,
burns can occur, particularly at points of entry and e

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III. Reflection/Evaluation:

1. In your own words, define safety and explain why it is important to your field of
specialization.

2. List unsafe practices you have done or you have observed from others that involve
electricity, electrical appliances or devices? Cite specific examples to clarify your answer.

3. Why is it important to understand the nature of electricity e.g. how it is generated,

transmitted and utilized, to avoid any electrical related accidents?

4. Write at least fifteen (15) safety guidelines that can be adapted in your electrical
laboratory rooms, residence or any location that utilizes electricity.

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IV. Conclusion (How will you ensure safety in your motor control subject?):

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