NAME: ALEXANDRA T.

CORILLA
MAEd I- Educational Management

A FINAL EXAMINATION LEGAL BASES OF EDUCATION AND POLICY ANALYSIS

1. The 1987 Constitution provides under Section 3. 2 that educational institutions shall
inculcate patriotism and nationalism, foster love of humanity, respect for human rights,
appreciation of the role of national heroes in the historical development of the
country. How have you been exhibiting this provision as you faithfully do your role as
an educator in your respective school?

It's easy to become cynical and bitter in this age of political turmoil, where
citizens and even politicians show little regard for the flag and the country. We must be
cautious because children pick up on our attitudes as teachers in the statements we
make about our country. Even if we truly believe what we are saying, we do not have
the authority to instill our own beliefs in a captive audience of children. Our society
and system have flaws, but we live in the greatest country in the world, not for its
greatness, but for its freedom, including the ability to fail. Every teacher should find a
method to demonstrate their patriotism. Make positive remarks about our country.
Every teacher should find a method to demonstrate their patriotism. Make positive
remarks about our country and our country's heroes. With a little effort teachers can
create class projects that allow students to learn patriotism from local veterans and
local and national history.

2. What does the enhanced basic education encompass as clearly indicated in RA

10533?

Pursuant to Section 16 of Republic Act No. 10533, entitled “An Act Enhancing the
Philippine Basic Education System by Strengthening Its Curriculum and Increasing the
Number of Years for Basic Education, Appropriating Funds Therefor and for Other
Purposes,” otherwise known as the “Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013,” approved
on May 15, 2013, and which took effect on June 8, 2013, the Department of Education
(DepEd), the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), and the Technical Education
and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), hereby issue the following rules and
regulations to implement the provisions of the Act.

SEC. 4. Enhanced Basic Education Program. — The enhanced basic education

program encompasses at least one (1) year of kindergarten education, six (6) years of
elementary education, and six (6) years of secondary education, in that sequence.
Secondary education includes four (4) years of junior high school and two (2) years of
senior high school education.

3. How do you differentiate the types of bullying as provided in A 10627? What are the
mechanisms that your school utilize to address bullying?
 Bullying, as defined by the Act, is any severe or repeated use by one or more
students of a written, verbal, or electronic expression, or a physical act or gesture, or
any combination thereof, directed at another student that has the effect of actually
causing or placing the latter in reasonable fear of physical or emotional harm or
damage to his property; creating a hostile environment at school for the other student;
infringing on the rights of the other student at school; infringing on the rights of the other
student at any unwelcome physical contact between the bully and the victim, such as
punching, shoving, kicking, slapping, tickling, headlocks, and imposing school
discipline.

Any act that causes damage to a victim’s psyche and/or emotional well-being;
Any slanderous statement or accusation that causes the victim undue emotional
distress like directing foul language or profanity at the target, name-calling, tormenting
and commenting negatively on victim’s looks, clothes and body; and Cyber-bullying
or any bullying done through the use of technology or any electronic means. The term
shall also include any conduct resulting to harassment, intimidation, or humiliation,
through the use of other forms of technology, such as, but not limited to texting, email,
instant messaging, chatting, internet, social media, online games, or other platforms or
formats.

✓ Responding quickly to all bullying reports reported to the school and conducting
a thorough investigation. This should include speaking with the kids involved to
acquire as much background information as possible, as well as highlighting
that schools must conduct investigations in accordance with police direction if
they are also investigating associated criminal activity claims.
✓ Notifying all students' parents/caregivers and soliciting their input and
participation in future behavior management initiatives. It may be helpful to
advise a parent or caregiver of a child who has engaged in bullying behavior to
the Department's 'Changing Bullying Behaviours' fact sheet to promote positive
behavior at home as well as at school.
✓ Ensure that all students have access to counseling services and are encouraged
to use them. Schools should keep track of where school wellness supports are
given, accepted, and denied by students or their parents/caregivers.
✓ Keeping clear and accurate records of all complaints made by
parents/caregivers or children, as well as the measures taken in response. These
documents should be stored safely for future reference.

4. How do you ensure and protect academic freedom and promote its exercise and
observance for the continuing intellectual growth, the advancement of learning and
research, the development of responsible and effective leadership, the education of
high -level and middle-level professionals, and the enrichment of our historical and
cultural heritage as embodied in Section 2 of RA 7722?

We are prone to viewing school as a one-on-one relationship between instructor

and student, or between teacher and parent. The progress made by an individual
 child of our acquaintance, his normal physical development, his advancement in
ability to read, write, and figure, his growth in knowledge of geography and history,
improvement in manners, habits of promptness, order, and industry — these are the
standards by which we judge the school's work. And with good reason. However, the
scope of the view must be broadened. What the best and wisest parent desires for his
own child, the community must desire for all of its children. Any other educational
ideal is restricted and unlovable, and if implemented, it will destroy our democracy. All
that society has accomplished for itself is made available to future members of society
through the school. All of its improved self-images are hoped to be realized through
the new options now available to its future self.

When discussing a new educational movement, it is especially important to

consider the broader, or social perspective. Otherwise, changes in school institution
and tradition will be viewed as haphazard creations of individual instructors; at worst,
passing fads, and at best, minor tweaks in specific details— and this is the plane on
which it is all too common to evaluate school changes. The locomotive and the
telegraph can both be considered personal devices. The changing educational
methods and curriculum are as much a result of the changing social situation, and as
much an attempt to satisfy the demands of the new society that is growing, as they are
a result of the changing social condition.

5. How do you show through a pyramid the governance of basic education as included
in RA 9155? How are important decisions relevant to basic education cascaded? How
would you react to such a hierarchical structure

BEGIN
Regions

FIEL OFFICES
Divisions
PROGRAMS
PROJECTS District
SERVICES
level
learning centers
 Teachers can deal with student behavior more quickly and easily when the
school hierarchy is apparent. There should be no ambiguity or fear about approaching
their immediate superior for advice and help, and the school should provide clear
instructions on when to do so.

It also makes things easier for violating pupils because they aren't bounced
around among staff members with a variety of disciplinary procedures. A decision is
taken and a result is given.

6. What are the functions of the local school boards as embodied in RA 7160? Is your
school actively involved in the fulfilment of the functions through your representatives?
Why or why not?
7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code was enacted into law,
transferring control and responsibility of delivering basic services to the hands of local
government units (LGU). It aimed to enhance provision of services in the grass roots
level as well as improve the efficiency in resource allocation.

➢ Local government units must ensure and support, among other things, the
preservation and enrichment of culture, the promotion of health and safety, the
enhancement of the people's right to a balanced ecology, the encouragement
and support of appropriate and self-reliant scientific and technological
capabilities, the improvement of public morals, the enhancement of economic
prosperity and social justice, and the promotion of full employment among their
residents within their respective territorial jurisdictions. Volunteering, meeting
teachers and officials, and supporting school events are all possibilities. You can
participate in your teen's education from the comfort of your own home. Talk to
your teen about school and learning on a frequent basis. Make it clear that their
education is important to you.

7. Who can access quality tertiary education? How does one access quality tertiary
education as provided in RA 10931?
This year, with the support of President Duterte, the Universal Access to Quality
Tertiary Education Act (RA 10931) was passed. This did not affect you, for it benefits
only those taking first degrees, and for now, mainly those going to State Universities
Colleges or CHED-accredited Local Colleges and Universities.
The policy involved five key thrusts: school-based management; the
development of teacher education; national learning strategies; quality assurance
and accountability; and changes to the administration of DepEd, using the latest
technology to ensure more effective use of resources, whether staff or funds.

8. What are the amendments in RA 7836 as inscribed in RA 9293? What are the
implications of such amendments?
✓ Number of units in Profession Education required of non-education graduates
*18 units in Professional Education
 ✓ Registration of those engaged in teaching without examination
✓ Required rating for para-teachers
*With a rating not lower than five percentage points from the passing general
average rating.

9. How would you explain in a nutshell the above provision of RA 9710? Section 13 of RA
9710 provides that, "The State shall ensure that gender stereotypes and images in
educational materials and curricula are adequately and appropriately revised.
Gender- sensitive language shall be used at all times. Capacity-building on gender
and development (GAD), peace and human rights, education for teachers, and all
those involved in the education sector shall be pursued toward this end. Partnerships
between and among players of the education sector, including the private sector,
churches, and faith groups shall be encouraged. As a mentor, what have you been
doing to make alive Section 13?
The Magna Carta of Women is comprehensive women's human rights law that
seeks to eliminate discrimination against women by recognizing, protecting, fulfilling
and promoting the rights of Filipino women, especially those in marginalized sector.
GAD seeks to equalize the status and condition of women and men, as well as
their relationships, by influencing the process and output of policy-making, planning,
budgeting, implementation and monitoring, and evaluation so that gender issues and
concerns affecting women's full development are addressed.
Giving those who have less and those who are historically and socially
disadvantaged greater opportunities depending on their needs so that they can
compete on an equal footing. Focusing on the needs of women does not imply
discrimination or disadvantage towards men.

10. How is sexual harassment committed in education or training institutions as provided in

RA 7877? Is there a policy crafted in your school anchored on the law? Why or why
not?
Sexual harassment at work, in education, or in training is committed by anyone
who, in a work, training, or education environment, demands, requests, or otherwise
requires any sexual favor from another, regardless of whether the demand, request, or
requirement for submission is accepted by the object of said Act. RA 7877 also applies
to anyone who directs or induces another to commit any act of sexual harassment. RA
7877 ensures a safe environment for school or any other workplace.

11. What is online gender-based sexual harassment as indicated in RA 11313?

Unwanted sexual misogynistic, transphobic, homophobic, and sexist remarks and
comments online, whether publicly or through direct and private messages, invasion of
victim's privacy through cyberstalking and incessant messaging, uploading and sharing
without the consent of the victim are all examples of gender-based online sexual
harassment.
12. How you differentiate RA 7877 and A 11313? Give only the summary of the differences.
The main difference between the sexual harassment under RA 7877 and RA
11313 is that under the former law, consent by the victim is immaterial. Therefore, the
employee or trainee is not in a position to freely act or give meaningful consent. Such
imbalance of power is presumed not to exist under RA 11313. 11313 to be known as
the Safe Spaces Act or the “Bawal Bastos Act” to address existing gaps and issues on
equality, security, and safety of both women and men in private and public spaces.
The Safe Spaces Act is intended to expand the scope of the Anti-Sexual Harassment
Act of 1995 or Republic Act No. 7877.

13. How will gender be mainstreamed in the trilogical functions of State Universities and
Colleges as cited in CHED Memo No. 1 series of 2015? Cite one example for each.

According to the Gender Gap Index (GGI), the Philippines is the only country in
Asia-Pacific in the top 10 of the GGI, which measures women’s economic participation
and opportunity, girls’ and women’s educational attainment, women’s political
participation and empowerment and women’s health and survival. In education, the
Philippines registers a higher female (96.1 percent) than male (95.1 percent) basic
literacy rate, according to a 2008 report of the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (Tesda)). The same report says functional literacy rate is higher
for female (88.7 percent) than male (84.2 percent).

Women also show higher ability to communicate and comprehend (69 percent
vs 63 percent). While enrollment is equal for boys and girls in Science, Mathematics
and Technology, more girls graduate, according to a 2012 CHEd report.

More boys enroll in Engineering but the number of graduates is the same for
both sexes, the same CHEd report says. The number of women graduates of Physics
and Meteorology (weather forecasting) are also the same. In public elementary and
high schools, enrollment and completion rates for girls are higher than boys’ (school
year 2010-2011) In spite of these figures, Filipino women remain disempowered and
impoverished. They do not control family property and they have no decision-making
rights on the use of income.

As of 2013, women accounted for only 37.5 percent of wage and salary workers
in the country and only 49.8 percent of women, compared to 78.1 percent of men,
were in paid work. Four of seven unpaid family workers were women (in family-
operated ventures). With the continued outflow of overseas contract workers, there are
more and more poor women-headed households.
 14. How will basic education policy be gender-responsive based on Deped Order No. 32
series of 2017? You can give one specific answer and expound on it.
The policy uses the more inclusive definitions of "gender identity" and "gender
expression."
Implementation of sexual and reproductive health services in every school; Formulation of
policies to increase women's participation in sports; Provision of facilities for differently-abled
people; Establishment of a media network and mechanism to disseminate GAD-related
information/advocacy campaigns VAWC desks being installed in schools; andBreastfeeding
and child-minding stations are available. The LGBT community is being highlighted as a
result of the policy. For example, the Department of Education is considering include LGBT
Pride Month in the school calendar.

15. Why is policy analysis important?

Policy analysis is important for defining and outlining the goals of a proposed policy, as
well as identifying similarities and differences in expected outcomes and competing
alternative policies. It also ensures that you've gone through a systematic process to select
the policy option that is appropriate for the establishment or organization.

Prepared by: PRESLEY V. DE VERA, DCOMM