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  • Meningitis Pathophysiology Final

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    Francessé Layle Tezon
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    Group B Streptococcus is a common cause of neonatal sepsis. It enters the newborn during delivery and can cause a systemic infection. Key signs include fever, abnormal white blood cell counts, liver dysfunction, and seizures. Without prompt treatment, the infection can spread to the brain causing meningitis. This leads to neuronal injury, apoptosis and potentially death. Timely use of antibiotics like cefotaxime and amikacin is important to treat the infection and prevent serious complications.

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    Group B Streptococcus is a common cause of neonatal sepsis. It enters the newborn during delivery and can cause a systemic infection. Key signs include fever, abnormal white blood cell counts, liver dysfunction, and seizures. Without prompt treatment, the infection can spread to the brain causing meningitis. This leads to neuronal injury, apoptosis and potentially death. Timely use of antibiotics like cefotaxime and amikacin is important to treat the infection and prevent serious complications.

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    9 views3 pages

    Meningitis Pathophysiology Final

    Uploaded by

    Francessé Layle Tezon
    Group B Streptococcus is a common cause of neonatal sepsis. It enters the newborn during delivery and can cause a systemic infection. Key signs include fever, abnormal white blood cell counts, liver dysfunction, and seizures. Without prompt treatment, the infection can spread to the brain causing meningitis. This leads to neuronal injury, apoptosis and potentially death. Timely use of antibiotics like cefotaxime and amikacin is important to treat the infection and prevent serious complications.

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    of 3

    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

    Precipitating Factors
    Predisposing Factors
    • Immune system immaturity
    • Age (Newborn)
    • PROM
    Group B Streptococcus causing maternal infection during pregnancy • Gender (female)
    • low birth weight (< 2500 g)
    • Hospitalization
    • Fetal hypoxia
    • Dense community groups
    • Maternal Peripartum infection
    Infective organism passed through delivery of infant • Poor prenatal care
    • Group B. Streptococcus
    • Low socioeconomic status

    Enters through the nose and mouth


    causing colonization of bacteria

    Local Invasion causes release of pro- Fever 38.6 C


    inflammatory cytokines and chemokines

    • NEUTROPHILS - 0.32 LOW


    (NORMAL RANGE: 0.43-0.65)
    Endothelial activation and local vasodilation
    DISEASE PROCESS
    • LYMPHOCYTES - 0.50 HIGH
    LABORATORY RESULTS
    (NORMAL RANGE: 0.20-0.45)
    LEGEND

    SN AND SX NOT MANIFESTED • MONOCYTES - 0.16 HIGH


    ↑ Vascular Permeability (NORMAL RANGE: 0.05-0.12)
    RISK FACTORS
    DISEASE
    MANAGEMENT
    Invasion of pathogen in the mucosal barrier,
    COMPLICATIONS
    entering the bloodstream
    SN AND SX MANIFESTED

    Bacteremia

    Bacterial survival and replication in the Significant


    bloodstream mitochondrial damage
    and dysfunction
    ALKALINE PHOSPHATE - Injures the liver Neonatal Sepsis Tachypneic with suprasternal
    428.00 U/L HIGH chest retractions

    • HEMOGLOBIN - 122 g/L LOW


    Septic Shock
    (NORMAL RANGE: 145-225)
    Altered Bilirubin Not Manifested
    Endothelial Cell Injury
    metabolism or high bile
    secretion

    Enters the cerebrospinal fluid


    Weakness

    DIRECT BILIRUBIN - 79.59 Multiplication in the subarachnoid space


    umol/L HIGH

    (NORMAL RANGE: 1.7-8.6)


    Subarachnoid space inflammation
    because of leukocyte extravasation

    Increased blood-brain barrier permeability

    Release of cytokines and prostaglandins

    Diazepam 0.4mg IVTT as


    needed for seizures Neuronal Injury

    Seizures
    Adhesion and disruption of the BBB and
    invasion of the CNS
    Neuronal Apoptosis and
    Initiates adjacent cerebral cortex Death
    causing hypersynchronous Inflammation of the Meninges
    neuronal activity • Cefotaxime
    105mg IVTT q8H
    • Amikacin
    Stimulates dural nociceptors Detected by certain physical
    exam maneuvers:

    Around the Around the Around the


    Hip flexion while Passive neck
    brain brainstem (neck) spinal cord
    pt is supine flexion

    Headache Stiff neck Sore back Stretches Stretches


    lumbar/sacral lumbar/sacral
    meninges which meninges which
    irritates and irritates and
    “excites” nerve “excites” nerve
    roots innervating roots innervating
    knee flexors hip and knee
    flexors
    Kernig’s sign
    Brudzinki’s sign

    Meningococcus
    also infects blood
    vessel
    endothelium in
    lower limbs

    Immune response
    creates a vasculitis
    that causes local
    clotting
    abnormalities

    Petechial or
    purpuric rash

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