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Menh de Quan He Relative Clauses
Menh de Quan He Relative Clauses
- Mệnh đề (Clause) là một phần của câu, nó có thể bao gồm nhiều từ hay có cấu trúc
của cả một câu. Mệnh đề quan hệ dùng để giải thích rõ hơn về danh từ đứng trước nó.
- Mệnh đề quan hệ (mệnh đề tính từ) bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ: who, whom,
which, that, whose hay những trạng từ quan hệ: why, where, when. Mệnh đề quan hệ
dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó.
Xét ví dụ sau:
- The woman who is wearing the T-shirt is my girlfriend. (Người phụ nữ đang mặc cái
áo phông là bạn gái tôi)
Trong câu này phần được viết chữ nghiêng được gọi là một relative clause, nó đứng
sau “the woman” và dùng để xác định danh từ đó. Nếu bỏ mệnh đề này ra chúng ta
vẫn có một câu hoàn chỉnh:
Có hai loại mệnh đề quan hệ: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và mệnh đề quan hệ không
xác định.
1. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining relative clauses): là mệnh đề được dùng để
xác định danh từ đứng trước nó. Mệnh đề xác định là mệnh đề cần thiết cho ý nghĩa
của câu, không có nó câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa. Nó được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ
không xác định và không dùng dấu phẩy ngăn cách nó với mệnh đề chính.
Mệnh đề không xác định là mệnh đề không nhất thiết phải có trong câu, không có nó
câu vẫn đủ nghĩa. Nó được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ xác định và được ngăn cách
với mệnh đề chính bằng một hoặc hai dấu phẩy (,) hay dấu gạch ngang (-)
Ex: Dalat, which I visited last summer, is very beautiful. (Non-defining relative
clause) (Đà Lạt, nơi mà tôi đã thăm vào hà năm ngoái, rất xinh đẹp)
Note: để biết khi nào dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, ta lưu ý các điểm sau:
- Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her, their)
- Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa la một danh từ đi với this , that, these, those
1. WHO:
- Ví dụ: I told you about the woman who lives next door.
2. WHOM:
3. WHICH:
- Cấu trúc:
- Ví dụ:
4. THAT:
- có thể thay thế cho vị trí của who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ quan hệ xác
định
- khi đi sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng: no one, nobody,
nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any,
little, none.
Ví dụ:
+ She talked about the people and places that she had visited.
- sau giới từ
5. WHOSE:
- dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ: her, his,
their, hoặc hình thức 's
1. WHY: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason,
for that reason
Ví dụ: I don‟t know the reason. You didn‟t go to school for that reason.
2. WHERE: thay thế từ chỉ nơi chốn, thường thay cho there
- Cấu trúc:
(WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
3. WHEN: thay thế từ chỉ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then
(WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ví dụ: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day.
1. Nếu trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì giới từ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề
quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng với whom và which.)
Ví dụ: Mr. Brown is a nice teacher. We studied with him last year.
Ví dụ: I'd like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party.
4. Trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định , chúng ta có thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm túc từ:
whom, which.
Ví dụ: The girl you met yesterday is my close friend. The book you lent me was very
interesting.
5. Các cụm từ chỉ số lượng some of, both of, all of, neither of, many of, none of ... có
thể được dùng trước whom, which và whose.
Ví dụ: I have two sisters, both of whom are students. She tried on three dresses, none
of which fitted her.
3. Do you know the girls _____who/that_____ are standing outside the church?
4. The police are looking for the thieve (tên trộm) ____who/that___ got into my house
last night.
5. The chocolate ___which/that____ you like comes from the United States.
11. I don't like the boy ___whom____ Sue is going out with.
12. Did you see the beautiful dress ___which/that____ she wore yesterday.
15. He wore a mask ___which/that____ made him look like Mickey Mouse.
2. The man ___whose__ mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
4. The woman __whose____ daughter was crying tried to calm her down.
6. The family ___whose___ car was stolen last week is the Smiths.
9. The volunteers, __whose__ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly.
12. The girl ______ recited (kể lại, đọc lại) the poem is my niece.
13. The townspeople, __whose____ pride in their community is well- known, raised
enough money to build a new town hall. Raise money: gom đủ tiền
14. The Pacific Ocean, ______ might have been crossed by raft during the Stone Age,
is the world's largest ocean.
In which = where
At which = when
2. The factory _____closed last week had been there for many years
3. Two men, neither of _____I had been before, came into my office.
7. The village _____ I ran out of petrol didn’t have a petrol station
2. I don't remember the man. You said you met him at the canteen last week.
The man whom you said you met at the………week I don’t remember.
4. The most beautiful girl lives city. I like her long hair very much.
....The most beautiful girl whom I like her long hair very much lives city.
6. The children often go swimming on Sundays. They have much free time then.
.....The childen who have much free time then often go swimming on Sundays......
7. They are looking for the man and his dog. They have lost the way in the forest.
...The man and his dog that they are looking for have lost the way in the forest....
8. The tree has lovely flowers. The tree stands near the gate of my house.
10. The last man has just returned from the farm. I want to talk to him at once.
11. The students will be awarded the present. The students' reports are very valuable.
13. The botanist will never forget the day. He found a strange plant on that day.
14. Someone is phoning you. He looked for you three hours ago.
15. The man works for my father's company. The man's daughter is fond of dancing.
16. The girl gave Binh his phone. She is his daughter.
21. She opened the cupboard. She kept her best glasses in there.
24. I saw the lady in the shop. She was Vicki Zhao.
27. I first learn English from a book. I’ve just reread it.
28. The police officer has just arrested a man. He robbed the bank.
13. The teacher was right. Ngan asked him about her problem.
VII. Make one sentence from two. Use who/ which/ that/ where …..
5. John is one of my closest friends. I have known him for three years
6. New York is one of the largest cities in the USA. My sister is living there
8. The couple has got a married again. Their divorce was in the newspapers
A.when
B.where
C.which
D.that
2. I think doctors ___________work in disaster areas are both unselfish and very
brave.
A.who
B.which
C.they
D.those
A.which
B.where
C.who
D.when
A.who
B.whose
C.which
D.that
A.where
B.what
C.that
D.when
6. My older brother, ________was twenty-two last month, has gone to work in India.
A.who
B.that
C.he
D.which
7. India is the country __________he spent the early years of his life.
A.at which
B.on which
C.that
D.where
A.who
B.that
C.whose
D.which
9. Children always want to know the reason __________things are as they are.
A.why
B.whom
C.which
D.who
10. Is the first of March the day__________the astronaut will come and give a speech
at our school?
A.that
B.what
C.which
D.when
A.such as
B.as which
C.which
D.for which
12. There are several reasons_________Adam is not chosen for the school football
team.
A.from then
B.why
C.for what
D.explaining
A. that
B. who
C. whom
D. what
A. which
B. whom
C. who
D. that
A. which
B. where
C. whom
D. who
A. what
B. who
C. where
D. which
5. The woman _______ came here two days ago is her professor.
A. who
B. that
C. whom
D. what
6. The really happy people are those ……enjoy their daily work.
A. what
B. who
C. which
D. where
A. which
B. where
C. whom
D. who
A. which
B. where
C. whom
D. who
9. Blair has passed the exam last week, ________ is great news.
A. who
B. that
C. which
D. whom
A. who
B. that
C. which
D. whom
A.that
B. who
C. which
D. whom
12. Peter, _____ I played video games with on the weekend, was younger than me.
A.that
B. who
C. which
D. whom
A. of which
B. which
C. whose
D. whom
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when
_______________________________________.
_______________________________________.
_______________________________________.
_______________________________________.
_______________________________________.
_______________________________________.
7. My best friend can compose songs. Ly sings folk songs very well.
_______________________________________.
_______________________________________.
9. Zoe bought a new phone yesterday. I can use it to send and receive messages.
_______________________________________.
______________________________________.
1. Al Gore gave a long and boring speech. He won the Nobel Prize.
______________________________________.
2. Social network sites will definitely change business. They are very popular
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
______________________________________.
3. I never forget the park. We met each other for the first time at this park.
______________________________________.
4. The report was prepared yesterday. There was a heavy rain outside yesterday.
______________________________________.
5. Her husband was aboard in September. She bought this house at that time.
______________________________________.
ĐÁP ÁN
3. Do you know the girls ___who___ are standing outside the church?
4. The police are looking for the thieve ___who___ got into my house last night.
5. The chocolate ___which___ you like comes from the United States.
11. I don't like the boy ___who___ Sue is going out with.
12. Did you see the beautiful dress ___which___ she wore yesterday.
15. He wore a mask ___which___ made him look like Mickey Mouse.
2. The man ___whose___ mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
4. The woman ___whose___ daughter was crying tried to calm her down.
6. The family ___whose___ car was stolen last week is the Smiths.
9. The volunteers, ___whose___ enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly.
14. The Pacific Ocean, ___which___ might have been crossed by raft during the Stone
Age, is the world's largest ocean.
2. The factory _which/that____closed last week had been there for many years
3. Two men, neither of __whom___I had been before, came into my office.
7. The village __where___ I ran out of petrol didn’t have a petrol station
1. The first boy who knows the truth has just moved.
2. I don't remember the man whom you said you met at the canteen last week.
4. The most beautiful girl, whose long hair I like very much, lives in this city.
6. The children often go swimming on Sundays when they have much free time.
7. They're looking for the man and his dog that have lost the way in the forest.
8. The tree which stands near the gate of my house has lovely flowers.
9. My wife, whom you were speaking to, wants you to come to dinner.
10. I want to talk to the last man who has just returned from the farm.
11. The students whose report are very valuable will be awarded the present.
12. The book which I was reading yesterday was a lovely story.
13. The botanist will never forget the day when he found a strange plant.
14. The person who looked for you three hours ago is phoning you.
15. The man whose daughter is fond of dancing works for my father's company.
12. The man who was wearing a red shirt was rude.
15. The radio that was bought 35 years ago was stolen.
16. The girl who gave Binh his phone is his daughter.
21. She opened the cupboard where she kept her best glasses.
24. The lady that I saw in the shop was Vicki Zhao.
27. I’ve just reread the book which I first learned English from.
28. The police officer has just arrested the man who robbed the bank.
13. The teacher Ngan asked about her problem was right.
VII. Make one sentence from two. Use who/ which/ that/ where …..
3. Mary was wearing the red dress which/ that was made in France
5. John is one of the closest friends whom I have known for three years
6. New York is one of the largest cities in the USA where my sister is living
8. The couple whose divorce was in the newspapers has got married again
10. Jerry sent me the letter that/ which was very funny
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A
2 - Chọn D (That thay thế cho her computer – mệnh đề xác định)
3 - Chọn C (thiếu tân ngữ – whom thay thế cho the man)
9 - Chọn C (Which thay thế cho việc Blair đã vượt qua bài kiểm tra)
12 - Chọn B hoặc D < Who / Whom đối với câu này có thể chọn cả hai ý đều đúng
thay thế cho từ chỉ người>
6 - The children were attracted by the show which was performed so many.
9 - Zoe bought a new phone yesterday which I can use to send and receive messages.
1. Al Gore, who won the Nobel Prize, gave a long and boring speech.
2. Social network sites, which are very popular, will defintely change business
5. John F. Kennedy, who was president of the USA, was assassinated in 1963.
10. He’s the person who/ that wanted to buy your house.
11. We threw out the computer which/ that never worked properly.
2. The reason why he was sacked was that he used to go to work late.
3. I never forget the park where we met each other for the first time.
4. The report was prepared yesterday when there was a heavy rain outside.
5. She bought this house in September when her husband was aboard.
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