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Intrinsic Elements Bab 1
Intrinsic Elements Bab 1
Intrinsic Elements Bab 1
A Thesis
Submitted to Adab and Humanities Faculty
In Partial Fulfillment of One of The Requirements
For The Strata 1 Degree
By :
ETI KUSUMAWATI
203026002097
I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my
another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the
award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher
learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.
Eti Kusumawati
LEGALIZATION
This thesis entitled “An Analysis on intrinsic Elements of Agatha Christie’s “The
Pale Horse” has been defended before the Adab and Humanities Faculty’s
examination Committee on May, 31 2007. The paper has already been accepted as
Examinition Committee
Members:
A Thesis
Submitted to Adab and Humanities Faculty
in Partial Fulfillment of One of the Requirement
for the Strata1 Degree
Eti Kusumawati
NIM. 203026002097
Approved by:
2007
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………. i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………………….. ii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1. Method ……………………………………....... 5
A. Plot ………………………………………………………… 7
1. Exposition ………………………………………………... 9
5. Resolution ……………………………………………… 10
B. Character ……………………………………………… 10
C. Theme ……………………………………………… 13
1. Plot ………………………………………………. 19
a. Exposition…………………………………………… 19
b. Rising Action……………………………………….. 19
c. Climax ……………………………………………… 35
d. Falling Action……………………………………...... 37
e. Resolution ………………………………………….. 39
C. Character ………………………………………………. 40
2. Characterization ………………………………………….. 41
b. Ginger ………………………………………. 42
c. Detective Lejeune………………………………. 43
D. Theme…………………………………………………........... 45
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION & SUGGESTION…………………… … 47
A. Conclusion…………………………………………………...... 47
B. Suggestion ………………………………………............... 49
REFERENCES …………………………………………………………….. 50
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
nonfiction. And novel is one of the most well known fiction. The
and actions representative of the real life of past or present time are
when the book was written at the time. Usually the author will do it
selectively and
1
www.wikipedia.org
2
Jeremi Hawthorn, ”Studying The Novel” ,(New York: Oxford University,2001),P.102
from the story based on the purpose while on the same time the
belief of the culture. Novel has many sub plot, therefore novel could
not be read in one time but it’s need time even days to read for good
understanding.
aspects that built a novel. They are intrinsic and extrinsic elements.
Intrinsic elements are the elements which develop the literary work
come to life. Beside the intrinsic elements that built a novel from
inside, readers who want to analyze the novel also have to understand
the background of the author, the social background where the novel
has been created, the psychology of the characters of the novel, the
world view about the novel itself and those called extrinsic elements.
3
Patrick Swiden, “The English Novel of History and Society”,( London:Macmillan Press
Ltd,1997).
The extrinsic elements are the elements which built the novel from
get when we read it. It is not only the pleasure but also the utility
text.4
about three old women who believe the supernatural and make the
society believe that they are witches who are able to make someone
dies. If the client comes to them, they will show the black magic
equipment which can make the clients believes. They do their job by
do anything without a proof. They are three old virgins’ women who
are far away from the society. To add the mystical situation they
named their old cottage “The Pale Horse” where name board has a
picture of horses.
4
Drs.Burhan Nurgiantoro.Mpd., “Teori Pengkajian Fiksi”.,(Yogyakarta: Gadja Mada University
Press,2003),P.3
Like Agatha christie’s other novel, The Pale Horse is a murder
army captain. Her father died when she was eleven years old. Her
Paris to study singing and piano. Her first marriage, an unhappy one,
Flying Corps. The couple had one daughter, Rosalind Hicks, and
divorced in 1928. it was during this marriage that she published her
novel ?
the novel.
5
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgathaChristie
E. Methodology of The Research
1. Method
2. Instrument of research
check listing and tabulating the evidence which had connected with
the questions through reading the novel and the other references to
3. Technique of Analysis
approach.
4. Unit of Analysis
in 2002, London.
This research has been made since October 2006 at The English
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
intrinsic and extrinsic elements and to analyze the novel there are two ways,
they are analyze the intrinsic elements and analyze the extrinsic elements.
cultural studies and so on. And to analyze the intrinsic elements, we can
analyze the plot, theme, setting, points of view, language, etc. and because
character and characterization, so in chapter II, the writer only explains the
A. Plot.
the story is connected by cause and effect.6 Plot is the way in which events
6
Nurgiantoro,Opcit,.P.113
Plot gives information about the details of the story in the novel.
From the plot, the writer can find the theme of the story itself and how the
author
characterizes the main character in the novel because plot itself consist of
idea, tendency, motive and message leading from both of the incident and
the character. Plot is a basic of the story. It is too important because without
C Climax
Exposition Resolution
Novel, short story, drama that use progressive plot usually start with
introduction or exposition (A) to the rising action (B) culminating in the climax
(C) the falling action (D) leads to the resolution (E). Plot called regressive, if
the story does not begin from the first (exposition) step. Usually this kind of
plot shows the conflict in the first story 7. The schema of regressive plot is :
D1 – A – B – C – D2 – E .
1. Exposition
knowledge of the character and their relation to each other, the time, the place, the
2. Rising Action
antagonist always causes the problems for the protagonist and will not let
the protagonist enjoy his life. There are 2 (two) conflicts that are faced by
while external conflict is the conflict that appears from the characters. Both
conflicts happen between the protagonist and antagonist and the protagonist
and the other characters. This part is usually known as rising action. Rising
7
Ibid,.P.153
8
Ralph.H.Singleton, and Stanton Millet, “ An Introduction to Literature”, (Cleveland and
Newyork : The world publishing company, 1996). P.290
action is the portion of the play where the complication and entanglements
occurs.9
3. Climax
Climax is the top of conflict both internal and external conflict that
turning point, to change the story from rising action to falling action.10
4. Falling Action
what the characters lives like after this major change in their fortunes. In
falling action one by one of the problems or conflict that occurs in rising
5. Resolution
The falling action leads to the resolution. Resolution is the end of the
story.12
B. Character.
9
Lloyd J. Hubenka And Reloy Gracia,“The Design of Drama : An Introduction”,( Newyork:
Mcckay Company Inc.,1973). P.13
10
Soenarto,Yudhi,SS,MA.,”Introduction to drama I”,(Faculty of letters,UI Depok.,1998)P.35
11
Lloyd J.Hubenka And Reloy Gracia,Loc it
12
Yudhi Op.cit,P.40
Plot and characterization are two sides of the same coin. Plot is a
sequence of events that challenge the characters to grow; but the characters,
of course can also initiate events. According to Abrams people who’s shown
in a narrative work, or the drama which is translated by the reader who had
whom we know from the work we read on the page.14 There are two main
Laurence in literature structure, sound, and sense, characters are the people
in the text: there is part of the ordinary life that meets when the readers
read.15
particular way.16
13
Nurgiantoro,Opcit P.165
14
Sven P.Birkert,., “Literature the involving canon”, (Boston: Allyn & Bacon a division of Simon
schuster Inc., 1993), P . 47
15
Laurence Pierre, “Literature, Structure, Sound, and Sense”, (London: Harcourt Brace
Jovanovich, 1984), fifth Edition, P. 90
16
Richard Gill, “Mastering English Literature”,(London: Prentice-Hall, Inc, 1997), Fourth
Edition, P.105
Meanwhile, Steven Martin says that a character is presumably an
imagined person who inhabits a story although that simple definition might
admit to a few exceptions. Characterization means how the writer tells the
readers about the physical and non physical characteristics of the person in
the story.17 To understand the character, the reader can find it through (1)
how the author tells about the character, (2) The description that author
gives through their environment and how they dressed, (3) how the attitude,
(4) how the characters talks about themselves, (5) understand how their
mind,(6) how the other character talk about him/herself, (7) how the other
character talk to him/herself, (8) how the others character interaction with
Beside antagonist and protagonist, there are also round and flat
In addition, Judith A. Stanford as also says that flat character tends to stay
17
Steven Martin , “An Introductory Guide to English Literature”, (Essex:Longman Group Ltd,
1994),P.95
18
Aminudin,,Opcit. P. 80
19
Brikert,Opcit, P. 48
learns or became enlightened, growth or deteriorate.20 Moreover, Judith also
However, the readers need to remember that they do not have lives
outside the pages of the novel and so it is rarely useful to speculate about
More important, the reader need to pay attention to how they are
presented and how the relation the character to the plot. The characters are
person who inhabits a story, and the best guide to understand them is what
20
Judith A. Stanford, “Responding Two Literature: Stories, Poems, Plays, and Essays”, (
Newyork: McGraw-Hill 1 Higher Education, 2003), Fourth Edition, P. 38
21
Judith A. Stanford, Loc.it
C. Theme
subject and experiences of our public and private lives such as, love, death,
marriage, hope, despair, and so on. The common experiences in lives can be
a theme in literature.22
Like the other elements, a theme has also an important role in the
story. The story without theme will be dry, unclear and unlived. How
important the theme makes the writer anxious to know the definition of
theme.
Moreover Robert has pointed out that a word theme is defined by the
presence of this idea, for being theme; a piece of writing must have the
central idea as its core. Everything in the theme should be directly related
Meanwhile Stanton and Kenny says that theme is the real meaning
inside the story. To find out the theme of a fiction we should understand
and find the message through story and the elements which are build the
22
Nicholas Marsh, “An Introduction to Literary Studies” ( London: Rutledge, 1999) 1st ed. P. 2
23
Robert Edgar V, “Writing Theme about Literature” (Prentice-Hall, Inc., englewood chiffs, 5th
ed.,New Jersey, 1983), P. 8
24
Nurgiantoro, Op.cit P.80
Therefore, the theme of a piece of fiction is controlling its central
level of soul experience, from the simple one to the complex. There are the
In short, the theme is a main idea and central in a story. It also can be
defined that what is an important and significant about the things that go on in a
story.
25
Jerome Beauty, “fiction”, (Newyork: Norton Company. Inc, 1979), P.612
26
Nurgiantoro, Loc.it P.80
CHAPTER III
In this chapter the writer will analyze the plot, character and the
theme of the story to find out how the stories happen with all the problems
inside it. Then from the plot the writer tries to find out what the characters
and theme of the story itself is. And also the writer will put the summary of
Mark Easterbrook, the hero of the story, the narrator and the young
Lejeune with only a list of names given to him by Father Gorman before his
death. Before Mark knew about this mystery, Mark saw fought between two
mentions about the pale horse that arranges murder, but is suddenly scared
and frightened at having mentioned it and will say no more. After the death
of Father Gorman, the detective came to crime scene and found out the list
Dr. Jim Corrigan, because name was included in the list. The captain knew
that Dr.Jim Corrigan was in the list and the list includes the names of
that the list contains the names of those dead or shortly to die.
the witnesses of Father Gorman murder. Zachariah wrote that the man who
walked behind Father Gorman at the night was Mr.Venables who lived at
priors court, Much Deeping. After reading the letter Lejeune and Dr.Jim
he wanted to investigate the pale horse and the possible connection between
the list of name. Mark asked his friend Hermia to help him to investigate,
but Hermia refused to help because of her busy. How ever he receives
support from Ginger and Dr.Jim refused to help Mark, he thought that all of
Mark also makes an ally of Ginger Corrigan, a girl whom he has met
in the neighborhood and who successfully draws Poppy out about the pale
had connection with pale horse. Ginger wanted Mark to visited Mr.Bradley
means by which the pale horse can kill someone for him without breaking
the law. To get more information about how the process of killing people,
reason who the one to be a target. Ginger pretend to be Mark’s wife, after
quitted because she thought there was a connection to pale horse. It became
more interesting because the woman who gave Father Gorman the list also
Mark thinks that the same thing happened to Lady Heskett-Dubois, Mary
Delafontaine and Thomasina’s has lost her hair during her illness. More
over, Ginger has begun to shed her own hair. Mark told Lejeune that
Ginger’s hair comes out was not because of high fever but of thallium
poisoned. At the end revealed that Mr.Osborne as the man behind the scene.
The Black Magic element just a mask for the part while the real murders
were committed by visiting the victim’s houses with those poisoned with
thallium.
B. Intrinsic Element
1. Plot
a. Exposition
The story began in Chelsea, England. It started when Mark arrived in the
café. He was a writer with an old thought when he sat in the café he felt
uncomfortable. With all the modern things inside the café. The espresso machine
for him sounded like devilish. He thought that all the sound from the modern
In the beginning of the story, Agatha Christie introduces his first character as a
man named Mark Easterbrook and he describes the situation inside his
neighborhood.
b. Rising Action
In rising action the writer finds that the following problems happen.
Before Mrs. Davis died, she had to meet the Father Gorman to
done. She cann’t relax because what she has known. And then she
After the pastor had served a confession from Mrs. Davis, he went
shop to write down the names that he might forget. After listed the
was killed.
The fog was coming on fast. Father Gorman quickened his steps.
He knew his district very well. He took a shortcut by turning down
the small street which ran close by the railway. He may have been
conscious of steps behind him but thought nothing of them. Why
should he ?
The blow from the cosh caught him completely unaware. He heeled
forward and fell …..(Christie,2000:.32)
After the death of the Father Gorman, the detective came to crime
scene and found out the list of name in his shoes. Detective Lejeune
showed the list to Dr. Jim Corrigan, because Corrigan name was
included in the list. The Captain knew that Dr. Jim Corrigan was in
the list.
The Detective speculated the list that the list was the names of the
actually wanted the list. It was not a robbery because the father
came to pick three of her pictures, Mark met Dr. Jim Corrigan. Mark
Dr.Jim Corrigan had speculated this mystery with Mark, they are old
friends when in the college and then Lady Heskett-Dubois was his
Godmother.
Before leaving, Jim Corrigan told that Lady Heskett – Dubois was
included in the list. Jim wanted to ask some question for the
She lived her live in good way and she did not have children. She
an old lady who lived alone. Beside that she is a perfect woman and
good godmother for her nephew and niece. She gave Mark’s heritage
such as old painting which is very important for her. This paragraph
After the meeting with Dr. Jim, Mark called David his friend to find
some information about Poppy, the girl with whom when they had
dinner days ago. Mark remembered that Poppy once told about pale
horse, that if those who knew or visited Pale Horse, will be killed.
At the time, friend of David told about Pale Horse and she looks
nervous because if someone knew about the pale horse that person
can be died.
Mark remembered about that, and thought that the pale horse had
closely related to the list. After David gave him, it was a flower
studies Ltd. After finding Poppy, Mark asked about the pale horse
that she ever mentioned few days ago, but she denied that she never
mystery. This paragraph also gives a clue that Mark begins to asking
Mark came to visit Rhoda, his cousin. After the fete, Mark and the
which called Ginger, Mrs. Oliver, Caleb Dane Calthrop and his wife
Pale Horse. It just an old name of motel who lived by three woman.
There were three women staying in the pale horse, Thryza Grey,
Sybill and Bella. They look strange and believe in magic. One of
Thryza Grey, Sybill Stamfordis and Bella, they believe about spiritual
and magic.
The next day, they all went to the church after that they had been invited
by Mr.Venables for lunch. They all went to the prior court where
Mr.Venables lived. While they had lunch they also talked about pale
‘The pale horse ? yes. I rather wish it had been left as an inn. I always
feel that place has had a mysterious and unusually wicked past history. It
can’t have been smuggling ; we’re not near enough to the sea for that. A
resort for highwaymen, perhaps ? or rich travellers spent the night there
and were never seen again. it seems, somehow, rather tame to have
turned it into a desirable residence for three old maids.’
(Christie,2000:88)
The place who lived three old maids gave frightened situation to the
neighborhood.
5. Visiting Pale Horse
the door for them. Thryza welcomed them warmly and friendly. After
that she shown her house with little trip along the house. Pale horse
magic while Mark him self didn’t believe in such things called
magic. Thryza told about how to kill people without touching the
‘The maid knowledge of what the mind is – what it can do- what it
can be made to do.’
‘please go on. This is most interesting.’
‘The principle is well known. Medicine – men have used it in
primitive communities for centuries. You don’t need to kill your
victim. All you need do is – tell him to die.’ (Christie,2000:104)
This is Thryza’s statement when she describes the magic. She wants
to show Mark what magic she can do and knowledge can not be
reach it.
Mark went to visit Mrs. Dane Calthrop, and told about what he had
talked about with Thryza, that she could kill without touching the
Dane Calthrop said. Mark also talked about the death of father
Gorman and the list. She thought that pale horse was suggestive.
Mrs. Dane Calthrop asked Mark to investigate more about the list and
found out any connection between the death people in the list with
She was silent for a moment and then said : ‘what we really need is
a link of some kind. A link between one of these names and the pale
horse. Something tangible.’(Christie,2000:121)
This conversation shows that the connection between pale horse and
the witness of father Gorman’s murder. Zachariah wrote that the man
‘so you think there may be something in it ? what are you going to do
about it ?
‘There will be no harm, in any case. In making a few discreet
inquiries about this Mr.Venables of – he referred to the letter – of
priors court, Much Deeping.’(Christie,2000:129)
This paragraph shows another clue which the mystery can be solve.
pale horse and the possible connection between the lists of name.
Mark asked his friend Hermia to help him to investigate, but Hermia
investigate pale horse with all the possible connection to the list. Dr.
Jim refused to help Mark, he thought that all of that was balderdash,
In his note, Mark need some help for his investigation. He more
curious about Thryza and pale horse, but his friend Hermia and Dr.
Mark was almost hopeless because there was no one wanted to help
Rhoda for the address and phone number. He made a meeting with
Ginger, and talked about what happened. Ginger responded the story
and she loved to help him. They started to make plan about what to
do. She wanted to meet Poppy, if there was information she could
(one of in the list, which already dead), found out who wanted her
death.
Lou – the girl once fighter with Thomasina the other night about man
-. Lou told Mark that she fighted with Thomasina because Gene – the
Thomasina’s hairs.
problem.
The other name that Mark wanted to investigate was Thomasina’s
step mother, but she was abroad. Mark made an appointment with
Ginger found the information about Mr. Bradley who had connection
with pale horse. Ginger wanted Mark to visit Mr. Bradley to get more
information. Mark went to visit Mr. Bradley and he found that Mr.
Bradley was a person who does the bet. A bet is a dead of a person. If
there was a bet Mr. Bradley would continue by seeing Thryza Grey
father wealth would be hers by the age of twenty – one all of her
When Mark asked her about pale horse, she looked nervous and said
‘By the way, ‘ I said,’ I think you know the pale horse, don’t you ?’
There wasn’t any doubt of the reaction. Panic, sheer panic, showed in
those pale eyes. Beneath the make-up, her face was suddenly white and
afraid. Her voice came shrill and high :
‘ pale horse ? what do you mean by the pale horse ?
I don’t know anything about the pale horse,’ (Christie,2000:184-185)
making a reason who the one to be a target. They made a story that
Mark once married but separated for many years. When Mark wanted
to marry his girlfriend his wife refused to divorce. Mark wanted his
wife to kill so he could marry Hermia – his girlfriend - , and Ginger
‘ you won’t need to hedge. To do the thing properly the wife has got
to be there – and she will be there !-
‘ Brace yourself, ‘ said Ginger. ‘ I’m your wife !’
(Christie,2000:195)
Mark did not like with the plan. He was afraid if there was something
bad happened with Ginger. Because of that they would tell the plan
‘ I don’t like it. I don’t like to think of you – alone in some place
under a false name – with nobody to keep an eye on you. I think,
before we embark on this, we ought to go to the police – now –
before we try anything else.’(Christie,2000:199).
Mark came to the detective Lejeune and told about pale horse, three
women (Grey, Sybill and Bella), Mr. Bradley and his plan to be his
bet. He wanted his wife dead so he could marry his girlfriend. Mark
‘well, the odds are on your side, I admit …. But let’s have a wager
on it. Fifteen hundred to one the lady dies between now and
christmas : how’s that ?
‘ sooner ! it will have to be sooner. I can’t wait.
There are things …. (Christie,2000:126)
After having a deal and signed some form it was time for the next
step, which went to pale horse and met Thyrza Grey. As soon as he
arrived in much deeping he went to the pale horse and Thryza Grey
welcomed him in. Before doing séance they all had dinner together.
After that they all went to the barn where the seance would be.
‘the old magic and the new. The old knowledge of belief, the new
knowledge of science. Together , they will prevail
….(Christie,2000:240)
At last, Mark meet Mr.Bradley and Thryza to make his wife dead
and mark can married with his girlfriend. Mark in to the dark
organization which is didn’t know about love. They only think that
money is everything.
15. When Ginger got sick.
Ginger get sick, Mark looked worried and according to her doctor
And, of course, all that he said was true. Ginger had broncho –
pneumonia. There was nothing mysterious about the disease from
which she was suffering. She just had it – had it badly.
(Christie,2000:283)
Mark knows about the disease which Ginger suffers and looked so
badly. The doctor thinks that Ginger disease is not too bad.
weird.
Poppy told that, she had a friend who worked at C.R.C, but she
Gorman the list also worked at C.R.C. and of course Ginger once
murder. And the girl who visited Ginger to offer something had
c. Climax
Climax is the peak of the story, turning point from rising action to
falling action.
C.R.C but phone rang. That was Mrs. Oliver. She told Mark to hire a
woman to help her to mind the house. The girl who came was Edith
Binns. She was the girl who once took care to Lady Heskett –
Dubois. She told that old lady was very sad, her hair was pull out in
handful. Mrs. Oliver said that was exactly what happened to her best
friend Mary Delafontaine, her hair came out, and Thomasina also
been through it . It was some kind of new disease Mrs. Oliver said.
Hearing all about this, Mark thought about everything, about medical
journal article that he had read in New York. Suddenly he got the
answer. He called the detective Lejeune and asked that Ginger’s hair
come out, and the answer yes. Mark told Lejeune that Ginger’s hair
comes out was not because of high fever but poisoned Thallium.
I cluthed the receiver and my head swam. Things, half – remembered
scraps of knowledge, drew together. Rhoda and her dogs on the lawn –
an article I had read in medical journal in New York – of course…Of
course !
I was suddenly a ware that Mrs. Oliver was still quacking happily.
‘ Bless you, ‘ I said. ‘ you’re wonderful !’
I slammed back the receiver, then took it of again.
I dialled a number and was lucky enough this time to get Lejeune straight
away.
‘ Listen,’ I said,’ is Ginger hair coming out by the roots in
handsfuls ?’
‘ well – as a matter of fact I believe it is. High fever, I suppose.’
‘ fever my foot, ‘ I said. ‘ what Ginger’s suffering from, what they’ve all
suffered from, is Thallium poisoning. Please god, we may be in time ….’
(Christie,2000:296)
d. Falling Action
Finally Mark found out that actually Pale Horse was not magic.
Thyrza have been done. Mark felt have been fooled by believe in
Mark believed there was someone behind these whole things. Every
person had their own job, Mr. Bradley handled about the bet, Pale
people, and people from C.R.C took control to spread the poison, but
‘ As far as the Pale Horse is concerned, yes. But she’s not real
brains of the show. The real brain works behind the scenes. The
plans and organizes it’s all beautifully dove – tailed, you know.
Everyone has his or her job, and no one has anything on anyone
else. Bradley runs the financial and legal side. Apart from that, he
doesn’t know what happens elsewhere. He’s handsomely paid, of
curse; so is Thyrza Grey.’ (Christie,2000: 299).
something wrong with that job. Her job was to visit the name on the
list and give some question about cosmetic, food, etc. because she
is sales who visited a victim which she got the name from hers office.
Mr. Venables was the man behind the scene. But the true was that
Lejeune already knew that Mr. Osborne was the man. Lejeune had
accused as the man behind the scene. But Mr. Osborne didn’t know
At last, everyone knew the brain of crime was Mr.Osborne and the
Resolution is the end of the story. The end of this story is that they
find out what is behind the scene in the pale horse. Because of that
C. Character
From many characters in the novel, the writer only discusses three
characters because the writer only focuses for the main characters which are
three characters which is become important part of the novel. The three
characters have a dominant personality trait that makes them have all view
about their position in the neighborhood and the three characters are also
and relation to the death of someone. The heritage and wealthy can makes
someone change. The story in this novel as a mirror life of human nature.
So, the writer interest to find out how the character of Mark, Detective
Lejeune and Ginger which always makes the reader read more deeply.
1. Main Characters
who convey their personal qualities through dialogue and action by which
motives.
Major character or main character means that the characters which are took
a big role or dominant in story. As the writer analyze that the main character
in the novel of “the Pale Horse” are Mark Easterbrook, Ginger and
Detective Lejeune. The writer assume that the main character in this story
that their characters who had been solved the puzzle in the story. The three
of them solve the puzzle by investigating the problem of the murderer they
find out that the murderer was caused by Thallium which done by Pale
Horse.
2. Characterization
a. Mark Easterbrook
Mark is a writer and historian. He is Friendly and a clever man
Mark put himself in the middle of the problem that is problem of the
murderer. He has been hold by detective lejeune that father Gorman
has died and he bought a list of name which each of the name on the
list was already died. Mark felt curious about the puzzle of the list.
And Mark investigates the problem by invoice inside of it. Until the
problem went into the Pale Horse. Pale Horse had been lived by three
woman (Thryza Grey, Sybill & Bella) known as a witch, first, Mark
assumed that all the death people causes by magic. Ironically that
Mark did not believe in things called magic, he is a rational person.
You don’t believe any of it, do you? ‘she murmured but you’re
wrong, you know. You can’t explain away everything as
superstition, or fear, or religious bigotry. There are elemental
truths and elemental powers. There always have been. There
always will be. (Christie,2000:100)
b. Ginger
Mark knows Ginger when he attended Rhoda’s fête. After the fete
they all have dinner. Ginger is only the nick name, her name is Miss
Macalister. She has red hair and work at the painting boutique.
When Mark needs to investigate the relation between Pale Horse and
the dead he asks Ginger to join him to find out the truth. Ginger was
curious to find out the puzzle, and she agree because she don’t want
just do nothing while a crime happen around. She cares to what
happen in all around her. She starts to investigate to find the evidence
by asking anybody who knows Pale Horse or anybody which have
relation with the person on the list who already die.
She start asking Poppy, Ginger good in finding clue from the people
she been asking too. Ginger is a person that never gives up until she
find what she want.
When Mark being a client and create a story, where Mark want to
marry Hermia while Mark already married. Mark wants to kill his
wife and Ginger pretend to be Mark’s wife. Ginger willing to be the
victims. Ginger is very brave, it is dangerous she could hurt herself,
she could be dead. She does that as long as the truth open and the
murderer should stop.
It’s all very well to invent a fictitious wife, resurected from the
past-they’ll want details-where she lives-all that. And when I try
to hedge-you won’t need to hedge. To do the thing properly the
wife has got to be there-and she will be there- ‘Brace yourself,’
said Ginger. ‘I’m your wife!’ (Christie,2000: 195)
This conversation talk that Mark and Ginger want to investigate the
pale horse and Ginger wants pretend to be Mark’s wife. Ginger thinks
c. Detective Lejeune
Lejeune is a detective who in charge in father Gorman is dead. He is
a man, dark hair and gray eyed. He looks calm.
‘he was a sturdy man, dark haired and gray eyed. He had
misleadingly quiet manner, but his gestures were sometimes
surprisingly graphic and betrayed his French Huguenot ancestry.’
(Christie,2000:33)
Lejeune asked people around who was here or see father Gorman.
One of the others was Zachariah Osborne. Zach told detective
Lejeune about the man who walk behind father Gorman that night.
The man that Zach describes is Mr. Venables. But that was
impossible because Mr. Venables was paralyzed. Lejeune collect the
evidence, and all gone to Zachariah Osborne.
At last the police can solve the mystery and had the evidence
D. Theme
subject and experiences of our public and private lives such as, love,
death, marriage, hope, despair, and so on. The common experiences in life
And the word theme is defined by the presence of this idea, for to be
theme; a piece of writing must have the central idea as its core. Everything
The theme in this novel is about murderer which the greedy as the
background of the murderer itself. All the death people became the victims
of the murderer. The client came to Mr. Bradley to get a bet and then
people from the pale horse will take control. First, the assumption was that
people died because of black magic, because the people from the pale
horse were known as a witch. But finally Mark Easterbrook found out that
27
Nicholas Marsh,An Introduction to literary studies, London: Rutledge,1999,1st .ed.P.2
28
Robert,Edgar V., Opcit P.8
‘so that’s the simple truth behind the pale horse. Poison. No witch
caft, no hypnotism, no scientific death rays. Plain poisoning ! And
she flung that at me, damn her. Flung it in my face. Laughing in her
cheek all the while, I expect.’(Christie,2000:297-298)
because that the entire client who comes to Mr. Bradley wanted money
from the victims. It is just what happens with Mrs. Tuckerton had a step
wealthy. All her father’s wealthy will be hers if she reached age 21st but if
she die before 21st all her wealthy will be taken by her step mother.
Bequest to old servants, to a couple of god children, and then provision for
his wife – sufficient , but not undully generous. A sum in trust, the income
to be enjoyed during her lifetime. The residue of his estate, which ran into
a sum of six figures, to his daughter Thomasina Ann, to be hers absolutely
at the age of twenty – one , or on her marriage. If she died before twenty-
one unmarried, the money was to go to her step mother. There had been, it
seemed, no other members of the family.(Christie,2000:182)
Because that fact the writer assumed that Mrs.Tuckerton did that because
she was not satisfied with the heritage. Mrs.Tuckerton used lived luxury
that was why she decided to kill her step daughter, Thomasina Tuckerton,
A. Conclusion
Based on analysis, I got some conclusion from the research, there are:
In her novel, Agatha Christie said that The Pale Horse is a place
where three woman lived in. three of the women known practicing black
The people on the list which already dead known murder by the
organization that have connected with Pale Horse. First, the client came
to Mr. Bradley to do the Bet, that person the client want to die will be
dead. And after that the client came to Pale Horse to do the ritual of
black magic. Then the client waits until the person is dead. But, black
magic was a lie, the person is dead because of the poison of Thallium.
And most of the client came for money. The client wants to kill the
victim to get the wealthy that they have. It can say that greedy as the
not believe that someone could kill without touching the victim. He is
murderer. She is good in finding evidence. She helps Mark until she
danger herself. She could be dead, but she does not care as long as the
And the character inspector-detective, the man who find the man
behind the whole things. He the one can prove that Zachariah Osborne
as the man behind the curtain. He has ability to put the evidence gather
B. Suggestion
possible. However, I do admit that the research is very far from being
research. Useful input and critics from any readers are very expected to
analyze plot is to find what is story tells about. And also to find every
detail of the problems that happen in the story. When the plot been
Birkert, Sven P., Literature The Involving Canon, Boston : Allyn & Bacon
a division of Simon Schuster Inc.,1993.
www.wikipedia.Org
http://en.wikipedia.Org/wiki/AgathaChristie.